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Biomedical subjects

D Pillay

Publications and source records attributed to D Pillay.

118 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The effect of maternal diet on maternal and fetal hepatic and brown adipose tissue lipogenesis and blood and tissue metabolites.

Both starvation of and feeding a high linoleic acid content diet to rats during late pregnancy resulted in (relative to stock diet fed controls) a decrease in maternal hepatic glycogen content and lipogenesis, reduced blood glucose levels and an increase in blood ketone levels whereas only fat feeding caused an increase in blood triglyceride levels and only starvation resulted in a decrease in the amount of brown adipose tissue. Maternal starvation resulted in decreased fetal body, liver and brown adipose tissue weights, diminished liver and brown adipose glycogen content and lipogenesis and lowered blood glucose levels. Both maternal fat feeding and starvation caused triglyceride accumulation in fetal liver, elevated blood ketone levels and an increased proportion of fetal liver and carcass fatty acids accounted for by linoleic acid.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1983

Triiodothyronine-dietary interrelationships in the modulation of brown adipose tissue and liver lipogenesis in the rat.

The influence of diet and triiodothyronine on "in vivo" lipogenesis has been compared in liver and brown adipose tissue of the rat at weaning and in adult life. At both ages studied, hyperthyroidism increases lipogenesis only in the liver. However brown adipose tissue accumulates lipid (probably derived from white adipose tissue) thus helping to explain previous observations of low rates of lipogenesis in this tissue during the late suckling period when thermogenesis is high and plasma triiodothyronine levels rise. Suppression of lipogenesis by dietary polyunsaturated fat in both tissues at both ages studied confirms previous studies on adult animals. Malic enzyme and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities correlate well with changes in lipogenesis in brown adipose tissue but not in liver and the hepatic enzymes exhibit a diminished response to dietary and hormonal factors with age.

Adipose Tissue, Brown↗
PubMed1983

Effects of insulin and maternal diabetes on fetal lipogenesis in the rat.

Offspring of diabetic mothers have been investigated with regard to fetal hepatic and brown adipose tissue lipogenesis in the rat. Results, which cannot be explained by existing theory, are obtained from offspring of subdiabetic mothers and manifest diabetic mothers. In re-evaluating the effect of exogenous insulin on perinatal lipogenesis, we find important differences in hormone sensitivity between liver and brown adipose tissue.

Adipose Tissue, Brown↗
PubMed1982

Lipogenesis at the suckling-weaning transition in liver and brown adipose tissue of the rat.

The responses of rat hepatic and brown adipose tissue in vivo lipogenesis to premature (15 days) and normal (21 days) weaning have been correlated to changes in the activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and two NADPH-producing enzymes, malic enzyme and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Both tissues show an induction of lipogenesis in response to weaning. In the liver, lipogenic flux is closely linked to the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, but not necessarily that of malic enzyme or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, whereas no such dissociation between enzyme activity and flux rate occurs in brown adipose tissue. Thyroid hormones, implicated in many physiological changes around weaning, do not seem to play a primary role in the adaptation of lipogenesis to the dietary change at this time, although a permissive role in both tissues is possible.

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase↗
PubMed1982

Perinatal lipogenesis in the liver and brown adipose tissue of the rat.

1. Hepatic lipogenesis falls during late foetal life, reaching low levels soon after birth. 2. Of the lipogenic enzymes studied only changes in foetal liver acetyl-CoA carboxylase activities correlate well with the changes in lipogenic flux. 3. In contrast to liver, brown adipose tissue lipogenesis increases during late foetal life. 4. A similar developmental pattern in foetal brown adipose tissue was observed for the activities of a number of enzymes normally associated with lipogenesis. 5. The studies suggest the existence of different controls over the development of lipogenesis in the two tissues investigated during the perinatal period.

Adipose Tissue, Brown↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Incidence and impact of resistance against approved antiretroviral drugs.

More than 15 antiretroviral drugs are now available for clinical use, and have led to significant reductions in morbidity and mortality for HIV infected individuals. Nevertheless, antiviral drug resistance emerges to all these drugs, which limits their benefit. This review addresses the biological basis of antiretroviral drug resistance, and the prevalence of specific drug resistance associated mutations in patients treated with the three currently available classes of agents, namely nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors. In addition, data on prevalence of HIV drug resistance in untreated individuals published to date are summarised, and the implications of potential transmission of drug resistant HIV is discussed.

Anti-HIV Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Genomic comparisons among parental and fusant strains of Candida shehatae and Pichia stipitis.

DNA-DNA binding experiments on selected fusants of Candida shehatae and Pichia stipitis showed that the nucleus of these strains was composed predominantly of Pichia DNA. Electrophoretic karyotyping revealed that the fusants contained four chromosomes, similar to those found in the Pichia parental strain. In addition, the fusants showed only marginal increases in cell DNA content when compared with the parents. Karyogamy was confirmed, however, by the isolation of recombinant phenotypic segregants, induced by meiotic and mitotic segregation. The results suggest that the fusion led to integration of Candida genes, rather than whole chromosomes, with the entire genome of P. stipitis.

Base Composition↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of ketones and glucose on the estimation of urinary creatinine: implications for microalbuminuria screening.

The influence of acetoacetate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and glucose on the assay of urinary creatinine by Jaffé-type and enzymatic methods was studied in vitro. Acetoacetate (greater than or equal to 5 mmol l-1) led to significant overestimation of low concentration urinary creatinine measured by an end-point and a kinetic Jaffé reaction, but neither 3-hydroxybutyrate nor glucose influenced these reactions. None of the metabolites interfered with an enzymatic creatininase assay. It is recommended that, when employing the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio to screen for microalbuminuria in diabetes mellitus, an enzymatic method be used to measure creatinine in Ketostix positive samples, particularly those that are dilute or obtained from patients with a low lean body mass.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antimicrobial therapy: toward the future.

The relatively unsophisticated approaches at the beginnings of antimicrobial therapy development, although important at the time, have been replaced by ever more complex and ingenious methods as the medical profession and the pharmaceutical industries face up to the realities of the emerging problems of antimicrobial resistance.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗