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Biomedical subjects

D Polin

Publications and source records attributed to D Polin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Spatial and temporal gait variable differences between basketball, swimming and soccer players.

The gait variables of 10 swimmers, 10 basketball players, and 16 soccer players were compared. They were all male and right-handed. There was no statistical difference between the three groups in age, weight and height. Spatial and temporal gait variables were measured with the Bessou gait analyzer. In the swimmers group, the gait variables of the right side were not statistically different from those of the left side. The right propulsion double support duration, right cycle duration, and right late swing phase duration were respectively longer than those on the left side for the basketball players. The right propulsion double support duration, right step length, and right late swing phase duration were higher than those on the left side for the soccer players. Moreover, a discriminant analysis performed with the gait variables permitted significant differentiation between the three groups. In conclusion, both basketball and soccer players presented asymmetrical gait variables, that have never been previously reported in normal subjects, or in swimmers. These results suggest that the anticipatory postural adjustments programmed to be used just before a jump or a shoot influence the motor program of the spontaneous locomotion. These gait asymmetries could also be due to asymmetric muscle development.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Spatiotemporal gait parameters measured using the Bessou gait analyzer in 79 healthy subjects. Influence of age, stature, and gender. Study Group on Disabilities due to Musculoskeletal Disorders (Groupe de Recherche sur le Handicap de l'Appareil Locomoteur, GRHAL).

The Bessou gait analyzer provides quantitative measurements of spatiotemporal gait parameters. The purpose of this study was to determine whether and how these parameters are influenced by age, stature, and gender. Seventy-nine normal individuals (38 males aged 20 to 80 years and 41 females aged 20 to 80 years) were divided into ten-year age groups. Males and females were studied separately. In each subject, the Bessou gait analyzer was used to measure spatiotemporal gait parameters (spatial parameters: stride and step lengths; temporal parameters: cycle, stance and swing durations). Mean walking speed was calculated in each subgroup. In both males and females, all study parameter values were identical for the left and right sides. Females younger than 60 years had shorter stride and step lengths (M: 1.5 +/- 0.2 m; F: 1.3 +/- 0.1; p < 0.001) but faster pace values (M: 104.8 +/- 9.0 cycles/min; F: 115.6 +/- 7.6 cycles/min; p < 0.001) than males, and consequently mean walking speed was similar in females and males (M: 4.8 km/h +/- 0.8 km/h; F: 4.4 km/h +/- 0.6 km/h). In contrast, females older than 60 years walked at the same pace as males and consequently had slower walking speeds. Stride length was correlated with age, stature, and gender. However, age was correlated with stature, and only age and gender had independent effects on gait parameters in the multiple regression analysis. In subjects of similar age and gender, effects of stature may need to be taken into account.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The efficacy of mineral oil combined with feed restriction in enhancing the elimination of heptachlor epoxide from mink (Mustela vison).

Adult female mink previously fed diets containing 0 (control) and 6.25 mg heptachlor/kg diet for 181 days were fed either the same control diet ad libitum (AL) or the control diet containing 10% mineral oil and restricted by 45% of ad libitum intake (MO/R) for 21 days to determine the efficacy of the latter treatment in enhancing the elimination of heptachlor epoxide (HE) from mink. Kit mink (2-3 months of age) whelped by dams of the control and 6.25 mg/kg groups were also fed the MO/R or AL diets for 21 days. Daily consumption (g/kg bw/day) of the AL diet by kit mink was significantly greater than consumption of the same diet by the adult females. Body weights of the control adults and the control and 6.25 mg/kg kits were significantly reduced by feeding the MO/R diet. Two adults from the control group and one adult from the 6.25 mg/kg group fed the MO/R diet died during the 21-day period. No mortalities occurred in kit mink fed either diet. Administration of the MO/R diet caused a significant reduction in body fat of the control adults and kits, but not in the 6.25 mg/kg adults and kits. Decreases in body fat of the MO/R groups were not associated with greater elimination of HE when compared to the AL groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1993

The reproductive effects of dietary heptachlor in mink (Mustela vison).

Adult female mink were fed diets containing 0 (control), 6.25, 12.5, and 25 ppm (micrograms/g) technical grade heptachlor prior to and throughout the reproductive period (181 days) to evaluate the effects of heptachlor consumption on reproduction and offspring viability and to assess the extent of placental and mammary transfer of heptachlor epoxide to mink offspring. Feeding 12.5 and 25 ppm resulted in significant reductions in feed consumption and body weights of female mink. Mortality was 0, 8, 67, and 100% for the control, 6.25, 12.5, and 25 ppm groups, respectively. All females in the 25 ppm group died within 88 days. Mink fed the two higher heptachlor diets displayed clinical signs indicative of central nervous system involvement just prior to death. Females were mated with males on the same dietary treatments. Whelping success rates were 67, 83, 27, and 0% for the control, 6.25, 12.5, and 25 ppm groups, respectively. High mortality in the 12.5 and 25 ppm groups accounted for the lack of reproductive success. Gestation length, litter size and birth weight of kits were not significantly affected by adult female consumption of 6.25 ppm heptachlor while kits helped by females on the 12.5 ppm diet weighed significantly less than control kits at birth. Survival of kits in the 12.5 ppm group from birth to three weeks of age was also adversely affected. At three and six weeks of age, kit body weights in both the 6.25 and 12.5 ppm groups were significantly less than body weights in control kits.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Elimination of PBBs in rats. Effect of mineral oil and/or feed restriction.

Rats were fed polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) at 0.1 to 100.0 ppm for 14 d and then treated to hasten the removal of PBBs with 0, 5, or 10% mineral oil (MO) and/or 0, 15, 30, or 45% feed restriction (FR) for 21 d. PBB body burdens were determined at d 14 and expressed on a log-log basis by Y = 0.91X + 2.179 (r2 = 0.974), where X = log of PBB concentration in diet (ppm) and Y = log of PBB body burden (micrograms). After 21 d withdrawal, body burdens were expressed by the equation Y = 0.787X + 2.218 (r2 = 0.95). The most effective withdrawal treatment was 10% MO + 45% FR producing a reduction of body burdens inversely related to prior body burdens (69% at 0.1 ppm to 23% at 100 ppm). Body weights and fat content were significantly (p less than or equal to .05) reduced by feed restriction, with fat content only 39% of controls at 21 d off. Mortality averaged 0, 13.6, and 35.8% for rats fed 0, 5, or 10% MO, and 25, 15, 8.6, and 3.7% for rats feed restricted at 0, 15, 30, and 45%, respectively. Histopathology of the dead and moribund rats indicated that the clinical signs were not characteristic of PBB toxicity. In a second experiment, safflower oil at 3.5% or excess vitamins prevented the mortality and clinical signs associated with MO during withdrawal from 100 ppm PBBs. Based on these data and those in the literature, PBBs interfere with vitamin utilization.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Enhanced withdrawal of polychlorinated biphenyls: a comparison of colestipol, mineral oil, propylene glycol, and petroleum jelly with or without restricted feeding.

Meat type chickens were fed a commercial mixture of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), Aroclor 1254, at 10 ppm for 14 days, then treated for 21 days to hasten the withdrawal of PCB with either mineral oil (MO), petroleum jelly (PJ), propylene glycol (PG), or colestipol (CO) at 5% of the diet, or at 10% of the diet when restricted to 50% of control intake (50% FR). Whole carcass analyses for PCB revealed that MO + 50% FR reduced PCB to 1.91 mg/bird, or 32% of the body burden (5.96 mg) in nontreated chickens previously fed PCB, whereas those restricted in feed intake by 50% (50% FR) had almost no change (6.44 mg/bird) in body burdens. The PJ, PG, and CO in combination with 50% FR reduced body burdens of PCB to 47, 57, and 77%, respectively, of the control value. When treated with MO, PJ, PG, or CO alone (no 50% FR), chickens had body burdens reduced to only 67 to 90% of control, depending on th compound. Thus, feed restriction was necessary for the MO and PJ to have their greatest effect. Carcass lipid values and body weight gains were markedly reduced by the feed restriction. The CO reduced carcass lipid in nonrestricted chickens by 30%.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1986

Enhanced withdrawal from chickens of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) by colestipol, mineral oil, and/or restricted feeding.

Young chickens fed hexachlorobenzene (HCB) or pentachlorophenol (PCP) for 14 d at 10 ppm in the diet contained body burdens of 573 or 362 micrograms, respectively. These diets were withdrawn (d 0) and replaced for 21 d with diets containing 5% mineral oil (MO), or 5% colestipol (CO), a bile-acid-binding resin, or the chickens were restricted in feed intake to 50% of controls (50-RF), fed MO plus 50-RF, or CO plus 50-RF. Without any treatment during withdrawal, body burdens were reduced to 63% and 70% of the d 0 values for HCB and PCP, respectively. MO, CO, or 50-RF reduced body burdens of HCB to 37% of d 0 burdens, but the combination treatments with 50-RF reduced body burdens to 19% of d 0 values. PCP was at 35% of the d 0 burdens from 50-RF, while all other treatments had reduced body burdens to nondetectable amounts of less than 0.7 micrograms/bird by d 21 of withdrawal. Body fat was not reduced by mineral oil, but was reduced to some extent by CO, and was markedly reduced by 50-RF. 50-RF always reduced body burdens of PCP or HCB alone or in combination with MO or CO. These data are discussed in relationship to the nonbiliary excretion of xenobiotics.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1985

Procedures to enhance withdrawal of xenobiotics from chickens.

Egg- and meat-type chickens were fed diets containing 1 or 10 ppm of fireMaster (FF-1), a commercial mixture of polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), predominantly 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexabromobiphenyl (6BB-4) and 2,3,4,5,2',4',5'-heptabromobiphenyl (7BB-8). These congeners account for approximately 65 and 14%, respectively, of the total mix. In three experiments, colestipol hydrochloride, a bile acid-binding resin, and mineral oil, alone or in combination with restricted feeding, were examined as procedures to enhance the removal of the PBBs. The combination of 50% dietary restriction plus a 10% dietary concentration of colestipol or mineral oil reduced body burdens of PBBs about 70% within 21 d for chickens previously fed 10 ppm PBBs. The use of feed restriction, colestipol, or mineral oil produced only borderline effects for hastening withdrawal. Chickens not treated showed only a 3% loss of PBBs during the withdrawal period. Colestipol at 2.5% in the diet in combination with feed restriction was not consistently effective in removing body burdens of PBB from chickens previously fed 1 or 10 ppm PBBs, indicating a dose-response effect. Chickens previously fed 1 ppm eliminated up to 40% of the PBBs in 21 d without any treatment, as compared to the 3% loss occurring after feeding with 10-ppm concentrations.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1984

Colestipol and energy restriction as an approach to hasten removal of PBBs from chickens.

Male White Leghorn chickens were fed either 0.1 or 1.0 ppm fireMaster FF-1 (FF-1) for 21 d. During the withdrawal phase, the chickens were fed 0, 0.5, or 2.5% colestipol hydrochloride, and anion exchange resin. Also, calories were restricted to 80% of control intake within certain groups during the first 14 d in each of 2 consecutive 21-d withdrawal periods. In the caloric-restricted groups, colestipol was fed at 0, 0.625, or 3.125% to yield equal daily intake of colestipol to those fed 0, 0.5, or 2.5% concentrations. During the first 21 d of withdrawal, colestipol at 2.5-3.125%, but not 0.5-0.625%, hastened excretion of polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) by 50%. During d 22-42 of withdrawal, a background level of PBBs contamination was detected, which tended to confound the results. Despite this, higher levels of colestipol lowered overall body burdens of PBBs by 80% in comparison to the overall level of residues in the other groups of chickens, and by 20% in comparison to their own levels 21 d earlier. Dietary colestipol resulted in chickens with lower carcass lipid content. The combination of energy restriction plus colestipol at 2.5-3.125%, which had the greatest impact in reducing body weight gain and carcass lipid, seemed to be the most favorable treatments for hastening excretion of PBB residues.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Passage rate of feed in very young chicks.

White Leghorn chicks were reared on diets in which soybean oil at 4% or corn oil at 5 or 10% was substituted isocalorically for carbohydrate calories. The transit time ( TRT ) of diets was determined in these chicks with ferric oxide as a marker. The average TRT for three experiments was 167 min. Overall, there was no significant effect (P greater than .05) for the addition of the vegetable oils to alter TRT . A significant interaction was detected for TRT to be shorter as chicks aged from 7 to 21 days of age when provided with 4 to 5% vegetable oil but not when provided with 10% corn oil. An extra metabolic effect was detected from the isocaloric substitution of lipid calories for carbohydrate calories but not necessarily only when TRT was longer. Thus, the chick was affected differently than the hen in which lipid produced longer TRT .

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Effect of bile acids and diet composition on lipid absorption in chickens with cannulated bile ducts.

The effect of bile acids on lipid research was examined in meat-type chicks, 8 weeks of age, with cannulated cystic and hepatic ducts. The procedure allowed for biliary collection in free-roving birds. Shams retained 90 to 92% dietary fat and those with cannulated ducts retained 43 to 72%. Addition of .04, .08, or .16% cholic acid or .08% freeze-dried chicken bile did not improve lipid retention significantly. The percentage retained for tallow and corn oil was 57 and 64%, respectively, far less then the 75 and 90% values, respectively, obtained in normal chickens. Neither practical-type nor purified-type diets, saturated (tallow) nor unsaturated (corn oil) fats at 8% of the diet significantly influenced lipid retention in chickens with cannulated ducts. In these chickens, percent dry matter retained of the purified diet was 81%, a significantly higher value than the 62% retained of the practical-type diet.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Urinary cyclic AMP excretion in birds: dependence on parathyroid hormone activity.

The cyclic AMP response of avian kidney to parathyroid activity has been evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The production of cyclic AMP by dispersed avian kidney cells was stimulated by bovine parathyroid hormone or by an extract of avian parathyroid glands. Intravenous infusion of bovine parathyroid hormone resulted in increased urinary excretion and plasma concentration of cyclic AMP, as well as increased plasma calcium and urinary phosphorus excretion. The increases in plasma and urinary cyclic AMP preceded those of plasma calcium and of phosphorus excretion. EDTA infusion resulted in a decrease in plasma calcium and an increase in urinary cyclic AMP excretion. After 10 days on a low-calcium diet, chickens exhibited a 4.5-fold increase in urinary cyclic AMP excretion. The results suggest that urinary cyclic AMP in chickens reflects PTH activity similar to some mammalian species.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Lipid: the unidentified factor for alleviating fatty liver syndrome.

Laying hens were fed diets based on either corn-soybean meal (CS) or wheat-soybean meal (WS). The WS diets were formulated to be isocaloric to the CS diet by supplementing with either corn oil, corn starch, or wheat starch. Hens fed the WS diets with either of the starches had significantly (P less than or equal to .01) higher percentages of hepatic lipid than those fed WS diets with corn oil. Values for hepatic lipid of hens fed the CS diets were intermediate to those of the wheat-based diets. The supplementation of fish meal or a selenium salt to supply .4 mg Se per kilogram of diet did not prevent or alleviate the problem of fatty livers caused by feeding diets composed mostly of wheat-soy and starch. The data revealed that wheat does not have an unidentified factor preventing FLS. The indication is that lipid at proper amounts in the diet acts through feed-back mechanisms to prevent excessive hepatic lipid accumulation that starches enhance.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Lipid alleviates fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome.

At 135% of control, Single Comb White Leghorn laying hens were force fed for 3 weeks, diets based on corn or wheat, the latter made isocaloric to the corn-based diet with either corn oil, corn starch, or wheat starch. The hens fed ad libitum received a corn-based diet. Force feeding the corn-based diet produced fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) with scores averaging 3.3 where 1 = no hemorrhages and 5 = 25 or more hemorrhagic points per liver. Force feeding the wheat-based diet with corn starch, wheat starch, or corn oil resulted in scores of 3.1, 2.7, and 1.9, respectively. Only the latter score was significantly different from the score produced by force feeding the corn-based diet, which when fed ad libitum resulted in an average score of 1.3. Based on these data and the criteria of retained energy, weight gain, percent fat in liver, and plasma estradiol concentrations, we concluded that wheat-based diets with corn- or wheat-starch produce FLHS equivalent to that caused by diets based on corn. Lipid at 4% of the diet had an alleviating effect on FLHS.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The relationship of plasma estradiol and progesterone levels to the fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens.

The relationship of plasma estradiol and progesterone levels to fatty liver-hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) was studied with three groups of 9 White Leghorn hens per group. One group was fed ad libitum the other two group were force-fed at 120% and 135% of their own pre-experimental daily feed intake. Force-feeding for 3 weeks produced FLHS. The average FLHS score was 1.6 for control, 3.7 for 120% force-fed, and 4.5 for 135% force-fed. The average liver fat contents were 31.3%, 75.1%, and 76.8% (dry matter basis), respectively. Plasma estradiol averaged 165 pg/ml in the control group and 194 and 247 pg/ml in groups force-fed at 120% and 135%, respectively. The correlation coefficient between plasma estradiol and FLHS was .72 (P less than .01). No significant differences in plasma progesterone were obtained among the control and force-fed groups. The data indicate that high endogenous estrogen levels are associated with FLHS.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The effect of bile acids and lipase on absorption of tallow in young chicks.

White leghorn chicks were fed diets with 4% tallow supplemented with one of the following bile acids at .04%: cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, dehydrocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, or sodium taurocholate. Cholic acid improved the absorption of tallow but not significantly; chenodeoxycholic acid significantly improved tallow absorption during days 0 to 7 but decreased it during days 14 to 21. The bile acids, dehydrocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, and sodium taurocholate had no significant effect on absorption of tallow. In a 2 x 3 factorial design involving cholic acid and lipase, .04% cholic acid and/or .10% lipase significantly improved the absorption of tallow by 8 and 4% in chicks 1 and 3 weeks of age, respectively. Dry matter digestibility and efficiency appeared to be improved with the improvement of lipid absorption.

Animals↗