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Biomedical subjects

D Prudham

Publications and source records attributed to D Prudham.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1984

Effects of oral contraceptives on lipoprotein lipids: a prospective study.

One hundred sixty-nine healthy women, aged 17 to 29 years, nonsmokers or light smokers (fewer than ten cigarettes per day), were assigned randomly to take one of five oral contraceptives: 1) 100 micrograms mestranol plus 0.5 mg ethynodiol diacetate (100 M + 0.5 ED); 2) 100 micrograms mestranol plus 1.0 mg ethynodiol diacetate (100 M + 1.0 ED); 3) 50 micrograms ethinyl estradiol plus 1.0 mg ethynodiol diacetate (50 EE + 1.0 ED); 4) 30 micrograms ethinyl estradiol plus 2.0 mg ethynodiol diacetate (30 EE + 2.0 ED); or 5) 30 micrograms ethinyl estradiol plus 0.15 mg levonorgestrel (30 EE + 0.15 NG). One hundred forty-seven women completed the study. When assessed for within-group differences, all preparation caused a statistically significant increase in total triglyceride (from 17.0 to 46.4 mg/dL), total cholesterol (from 6.3 to 24.4 mg/dL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (from 7.0 to 10.3 mg/dL). Effects on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol varied widely. The product 100 M + 0.5 ED markedly increased (9.9 mg/dL) HDL cholesterol. Neither 100 M + 1.0 ED nor 50 EE + 1.0 ED altered HDL cholesterol levels, whereas both preparations containing 30 micrograms estrogen showed decreases: the preparation containing 2.0 mg ethynodiol diacetate lowered HDL cholesterol by 3.6 mg/dL and that containing 0.15 mg levonorgestrel lowered it by 6.9 mg/dL. Specific between-group comparisons revealed no statistically significant differences between differing amounts of estrogen (50 EE + 1.0 ED versus 100 M + 1.0 ED).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Factors associated with falls in the elderly: a community study.

In 2793 respondents aged 65 and over in a survey of a geographically defined community, who were asked about falls in the preceding twelve months, the estimated annual prevalence rate (persons) of falls was 28.0%. Standardized for age, the rate was twice as high in women as in men. Rates increased with age but more steeply in men than in women. Compared with non-fallers, fallers had been in more recent contact with their general practitioner, showed higher prevalence of problems with mobility and daily living, a more frequent history of stroke and heart disease, and had more episodes of non-rotatory vertigo, double vision, faints and blackouts and episodes of weakness or numbness. Fallers also showed more frequent evidence suggestive of cognitive impairment. More fallers than non-fallers were taking diuretics and tranquilizers and these associations merit further study.

Accidents↗
PubMed1979

A prospective study of fractured proximal femur: factors predisposing to survival.

In a prospective study of patients with fractures of the proximal femur from a defined population it was found that age, mental test score, type of residence, place of injury and hospital of admission were all significantly associated with the likelihood of survival to six months. When these factors were taken into account no additional association between outcome and recorded associated disease, grade of surgeon operating, cigarette smoking, type of operation or social class was demonstrable. These findings have implications for the design of controlled trials of different types of treatment for fractures of the proximal femur.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Compliance with prescribed medicines: a study of elderly patients in the community.

Compliance with regular medicine taking has been assessed in 81 patients, aged 65 and over, living at home. Interview assessment, home tablet count, and retrospective review of general practice prescription record cards provided three indices of compliance.Deviation by more than 10 per cent from absolute adherence to the prescription was found in 53 per cent of all tablet counts and was significantly more common in women than in men. Errors were also more common when medicines were to be taken more than once daily.The compliance index obtained by inspection of prescription records correlated closely with the index calculated from tablet counts (r(s) = 0.68; p < 0.001) for 129 separate medicines taken regularly. Poor compliance with an individual medicine could be predicted accurately in 66 per cent of cases. A combination of prescription record inspection and interview assessment increased the accuracy of this prediction to 86 per cent.These findings suggest that, using simple methods, the level of compliance can be accurately predicted in a substantial number of elderly patients at home.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Electors not liable for jury service as a sampling frame for the elderly.

Data from 449 persons aged over 65 who had been respondents to a population-based survey and 96 non-respondents aged over 65 were studied to compare those who had declared their age at electoral registration with those who had not. It was found that only 75% (79% of respondents and 57% of non-respondents) had declared their age. In an analysis of 16 variables among the respondents, a statistically significant difference for social class among males was found in that relatively fewer from Social Classes IV and V had declared their age. As an administrative instrument for estimating the size of the elderly population, the list of those marked as not liable for Jury Service on the electoral roll is clearly inadequate, giving an underestimate of about 25%. This could possibly be improved upon by better design of the electoral return form.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Family factors affecting child development.

In a large, geographically defined population of children a number of family factors in addition to social class, determined by the father's occupation, were recorded by health visitors and school nurses with routine responsibility for these children. The quality of the children in normal schools was assessed in terms of nonverbal IQ and height at the ages of 5 and 10 years, and of behavior as reported by the teacher at the age of 10 years. By analysis of variance the sum of the independent effects of the other family factors greatly outweighed that of occupational social class, except in the case of the IQ at 10 years. The most important of the other family factors was the quality of the mother's care of her child during the first 3 years of life.

Birth Order↗