Biomedical subjects
D R Biggs
Publications and source records attributed to D R Biggs.
Pasteurella multocida septicemia and subsequent Pasteurella dagmatis septicemia in a diabetic patient.
Pasteurella species may cause zoonotic infections of humans. Serious systemic infections with these organisms are unusual, but they may occur in individuals with predisposing underlying illnesses. Occurrences of bacteremia due to P. multocida are infrequent, and P. dagmatis bacteremia is even rarer. We report independent occurrences of P. multocida and P. dagmatis septicemia in the same diabetic patient after contact with two pet dogs. We review the history of Pasteurella species and discuss the biochemical and clinical features of its association with zoonosis.
Amplification of rDNA loci to detect and type Neisseria meningitidis and other eubacteria.
In 1991-92, Neisseria meningitidis group C was isolated from the blood of eight students in Urbana, Illinois, USA, and from the cerebrospinal fluid of one student from a nearby community, Decatur, Illinois. These and other bacterial species were analysed by PCR fingerprinting using primers selected from the ribosomal (r)DNA loci. A rDNA primer pair spanning a region within the 16S rDNA amplified a predicted 280 base pair (bp) DNA fragment from Neisseria spp. and fragments of different sizes for other genera. This primer pair specifically detected a carrier of N. meningitidis in a small clinical battery. Identity of the fragment was confirmed by restriction endonuclease analysis. A 600 bp fragment was also amplified from the 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of N. meningitidis; amplification from six other genera yielded different-sized fragments. Digestion of the ITS fragment from N. meningitidis with Alu I revealed three patterns; pattern I was found only for serogroup C isolates, and it was the dominant pattern among recent isolates with the exception of the one from Decatur. The isolate from Decatur yielded pattern III which suggested a non-clonal relationship to the seven isolates from Urbana. Patterns II and III were more prevalent in isolates from the 1960's and 1980's. PCR-based analysis of these loci can complement the techniques which are currently used for the detection and typing of these and other eubacteria.
Chloramphenicol inhibition of the formation of particulate mitochondrial enzymes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 1966.
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Sensitivity of Rhizobium to selected isoflavonoids.
Eleven isoflavonoids were tested in both soft agar and liquid media for inhibitory activity against eight Rhizobium strains. Results of the two bioassays showed that pisatin, coumestriol, biochanin A, formononetin, genistein, rotenon, and vestitol lacked significant inhibitory activity. Phaseolin and maackiain were moderately inhibitory (ED50 (mean effective dose) = 30-100 microgram/mL), and medicarpin and kievitone were strongly inhibitory (ED50 = 10-60 microgram/mL) towards slow-growing R. japonicum and R. lupini and also towards two fast-growing Lotus rhizobia. In contrast, R. trifolii, R. leguminosarum, and R. phaseoli were not affected by these compounds ED50 greater than 100 microgram/mL), and R. meliloti was inhibited only by kievitone (ED50 = 30-60 microgram/mL). At a concentration of 100 microgram/mL, medicarpin and kievitone were found to be bactericidal to R. japonicum, R. lupini, and the fast-growing Lotus rhizobia.
Apparatus for exposing the respiratory tract of rats and guinea pigs to aerosols.
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Machine for automatic bacteriological pour plate preparation.
A fully automatic system for preparing poured plates for bacteriological analyses has been constructed and tested. The machine can make decimal dilutions of bacterial suspensions, dispense measured amounts into petri dishes, add molten agar, mix the dish contents, and label the dishes with sample and dilution numbers at the rate of 2,000 dishes per 8-hr day. In addition, the machine can be programmed to select different media so that plates for different types of bacteriological analysis may be made automatically from the same sample. The machine uses only the components of the media and sterile polystyrene petri dishes; requirements for all other materials, such as sterile pipettes and capped bottles of diluents and agar, are eliminated.
Studies on the respiratory chain-linked reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase. XVI. Characteristics of the membrane-bound dehydrogenase in Candida utilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Biogenesis of mitochondria. XI. A comparison of the effects of growth-limiting oxygen tension, intercalating agents, and antibiotics on the obligate aerobe Candida parapsilosis.
Growth under conditions of oxygen restriction results in a generalized decrease in the definition of the mitochondrial membranes, a decrease in the mitochondrial cytochromes, and a decrease in citric acid cycle enzymes of the obligate aerobic yeast Candida parapsilosis. Addition of unsaturated fatty acids and ergosterol to cultures exposed to limited oxygen results in improved definition of the mitochondrial membranes and an increase in the total mitochondrial cytochrome content of the cells. Euflavine completely inhibits mitochondrial protein synthesis in vitro. Its in vivo effect is to cause the formation of giant mitochondrial profiles with apparently intact outer membranes and modified internal membranes; the cristae (in-folds) appear only as apparently disorganized remnants while the remainder of the inner membrane seems intact. Cytochromes a, a(3), b, and c(1) are not synthesized by the cells in the presence of euflavine. Ethidium appears to have effects identical to those of euflavine, whereas chloramphenicol, lincomycin, and erythromycin have similar effects in principle but they are less marked. The effects of all the inhibitors are freely reversible after removal of the drugs. The results are discussed in terms of a functionally three-membrane model of the mitochondrion. In addition, the phylogenetic implications of the observed differences between this organism and the facultative anaerobic yeasts are considered.
Studies on the respiratory chain-linked reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase. XII. Interrelations of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-coenzyme Q reductase.
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The coenzyme Q reductase activity of DPNH-cytochrome c reductace.
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Chloramphenicol inhibition of the formation of particulate mitochondrial enzymes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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