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Biomedical subjects

D R Gourley

Publications and source records attributed to D R Gourley.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Development and validation of the pharmaceutical care satisfaction questionnaire.

The development and validation of a survey instrument to assess consumer satisfaction with pharmacy services is discussed. The Pharmaceutical Care Satisfaction Questionnaire (PCSQ) is a 30-item instrument administered by someone other than the pharmacist that uses a Likert scale to score respondents' answers. The PCSQ is written approximately at a seventh grade reading level. Following initial development, the PCSQ was administered to 360 consumers in ambulatory pharmacies and to 311 patients in a multicenter hyperlipidemia outcomes study. The Cronbach coefficient alpha was .94 for the consumer data, with a 64.8% variance accounted for by the 4-factor solution. A coefficient alpha of .84 was found on all 30 items in the hyperlipidemia study, with a variance of 63.78% in control patients and 60.16% in treatment patients. The PCSQ is easy to administer and score, with minimal cost. Unlike other satisfaction surveys, the PCSQ contains patient evaluations regarding outcomes of care. A primary limitation of the PCSQ is that it is a newly developed instrument that needs to be used in more studies to strengthen its validity.

Health Care Surveys↗
PubMed1999

Technology assessment and the drug use process.

UNLABELLED: This activity is designed for pharmacists, physicians, physician assistants, nurses, and other healthcare team members, payers for health services, and healthcare executives. OBJECTIVES: Upon completion of this activity, the participant should be able to: 1. Describe the rationale behind, the development of, and the advantages arising from the formulary process, and discuss the health professionals involved in the creation of formularies. 2. Describe the impact of new drug development and technology on the drug use process. 3. Discuss the functions of the pharmacy and therapeutics committee. 4. Describe the impact of consumers on the drug use process.

Advertising↗
PubMed1997

Competency, board certification, credentialing, and specialization: who benefits?

Pharmacists are concerned with the rapid changes in the healthcare system and what the requirements will be for a pharmacist in the near future. The emergence of board certification, credentialing, and other certification programs for pharmacists are causing significant concern among pharmacists. Pharmacists must assess certification programs and decide on the value of certification to their careers and to the patients they serve. Employers of pharmacists and those paying for healthcare and pharmacy services must also evaluate the value of pharmacists certification. Perhaps the most direct and significant benefit of pharmacist certification lies in the ability of the pharmacist to provide better and more comprehensive care to patients or selected groups of patients (eg, diabetic patients). Better and more comprehensive care provided by a pharmacist benefits the patient, other healthcare professionals, the healthcare system generally, and payers of healthcare and pharmacy services. Demonstrated competence of the pharmacist to provide pharmaceutical care is essential to achieving this benefit. Board certification of pharmacists in current board-recognized specialty areas of nutrition support pharmacy, pharmacotherapy, psychiatric pharmacy, nuclear pharmacy, and oncology pharmacy totaled 2075 board certified pharmacists in the United States as of January 1997.

Certification↗
PubMed1996

Comparison of Department of Veterans Affairs pharmacy services in 1992 and 1994 with strategic-planning goals.

Data were collected from Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) medical center pharmacies in 1992 and 1994 to measure progress toward implementation of the VA 1990 strategic plan. A questionnaire was pretested and mailed to pharmacy chiefs at all 173 VA medical centers (VAMCs) with pharmacies in 1992. The same questionnaire, with slight modifications consistent with revision of the strategic plan, was mailed in 1994. Usable responses were received from more than 80% of VAMCs in both years. The number and types of activities, services, and staffing at VAMC pharmacies varied with respect to automation, procurement, drug accountability, image, participation in professional organizations, professional role, pharmaceutical care activities, technicians, and research and education. Compared with the 1992 results, the 1994 results indicated greater pharmacist involvement in patient-education activities, expanded roles for pharmacists in monitoring anticoagulation therapy and in pharmacokinetic services, and less use of pharmacists for distributive functions. In 1994, more facilities reported having an open pharmacy concept in place to encourage direct patient care initiatives. VAMCs reported greater involvement in pharmacy education in 1994 than in 1992, with more VAMCs having affiliations with pharmacy schools and clerkship and residency training programs. Responses indicated considerable variation among VAMC pharmacies in the number and types of services provided.

Hospitals, Veterans↗
PubMed1995

Integrating postgraduate pharmacy training programs into colleges of pharmacy.

An important issue facing colleges of pharmacy is the integration of postgraduate clinical training programs into the mainstream of pharmacy education. Colleges of pharmacy have a major role to play in postgraduate clinical training programs to the benefit of the college, resident, and institution. Students must be provided with information about residencies during their first year, and this information must be continually reinforced throughout their academic career. Residency and fellowship programs contribute significantly to the education of pharmacy students. Colleges must take an active role, working in partnership with institutions to enhance postgraduate pharmacy training programs.

Career Choice↗
PubMed1990

Multidimensional work sampling to quantify a pharmacokinetics resident's duties.

A multidimensional work-sampling technique was used to quantify a pharmacokinetics resident's duties. Four dimensions were measured: activity, contact, function, and location. A code list of 47 variables was developed to encompass all activities of the resident being observed. A combination of self-reporting and observer reporting was used to test the veracity of the resident's report and to determine whether differences in reporting occurred. Observation was done 20 times a day over a five-week period (24 working days). Random time periods separated the observation points. The observer and the resident recorded 260 and 220 observations, respectively, for a total of 480. The overall reliability measure was 78%, indicating good interobserver agreement. The resident spent about 36% of his time doing work related to pharmacokinetics consultations and 23% of his time attending meetings. He spent a large proportion of time (48.5%) working alone. Much of his remaining time was spent with the Pharm.D. students and the preceptors. Multidimensional work sampling based on a combination of self-reporting and observer reporting is a useful tool for quantifying the work practices of pharmacokinetics residents.

Education, Pharmacy, Graduate↗
PubMed1988

Marketing and planning in multihospital systems.

Marketing and planning functions at the corporate level of multihospital systems are examined. Drawing on the experiences of executives in 30 multihospital systems located in the United States west of the Mississippi, this article describes the differences in the marketing and planning functions by for-profit, not-for-profit, and church-owned multihospital systems; examines the impact of age, number of hospitals, and average hospital bed size of the systems; provides insights regarding the primary persons involved in the marketing and planning functions; and highlights the important future of marketing and planning by the top management of multihospital systems.

Hospital Planning↗
PubMed1986

An introductory course to facilitate the implementation of a clinical pharmacy programme in Iraq.

An introductory course in clinical pharmacy is discussed which is designed to implement the basic concepts of clinical pharmacy as well as assist in the stepwise transition from a pharmacy school, with primary emphasis on dispensing, to a more clinically (patient) oriented pharmacy programme. The course is composed of a 2-h didactic session and a 3-h observation session per week for 3 months followed by daily 3-h practical clerkships for 4 months in the following areas: in-patient and out-patient hospital pharmacy, clinical laboratory, internal medicine, paediatrics, surgery, and retail pharmacy. Weekly 2-hour discussion sessions at the college or site of the clerkship are scheduled to review these experiences and introduce additional topics such as patients rights, pharmacist-patient relations, and pharmacy relations with other health professionals. This course promotes the development of a clinically oriented attitude in students and staff members in the college, and decreases the trauma of direct change from a product-oriented to a more patient-oriented curriculum.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1985

ASHP members' concepts of institutional pharmacy in the year 2000.

Trends in institutional pharmacy practice were identified, and ASHP members' views of these trends were evaluated in a futures study. A list of statements concerning the practice of institutional pharmacy in the year 2000 was developed using a modified Delphi method. A random sample of 3000 active ASHP members received the questionnaire and were asked to estimate the probability that each of the 42 statements would occur by the year 2000. The responses were analyzed to reduce the number of variables to common factors. A total of 1276 of the returned questionnaires were usable. Six factors were identified: pharmacy-medicine linkage, advanced training or degree, drug administration, quality assurance and accreditation, supportive personnel, and pharmacy-nursing conflict. There were differences in the mean values of responses of items related to various factors when they were compared by sex, age, position held, degree held, and residency training. The key trends predicted were that advanced training or degrees will be necessities in the year 2000, institutional practice will be composed of multiple tracks, postgraduate education will be required of clinicians and administrators, turf conflict with nurses will increase, and accreditation standards and other safeguards for quality health care will continue to be required and will increase. The trends in how ASHP members conceptualized the future of their profession can provide insight for individuals developing programs in pharmacy education, health-care administration, institutional practice, and the pharmaceutical industry.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Predicting success of pharmacy students in basic science and clinical clerkship courses.

A number of studies on the ability of admissions variables to predict success in pharmacy schools have examined only success in the first professional year, which typically consists primarily of basic science courses. This study examined not only grades in basic science courses but also performance on clinical clerkships, for two classes of students. It also examined the ability of various personality variables to predict performance in clinical and basic science coursework. Previous grade point average (GPA) was the best single predictor of performance. In one class, the personality variable of Responsibility best predicted clinical clerkship performance. However, it only accounted for 13 percent of the variance in clerkship grades. Pharmacy College Admission Test (PCAT) Biology and PCAT Verbal Ability scores added to the predictive ability of previous GPA in one class, but none of the PCAT scales entered a prediction equation for the other class. The limitations on our ability to predict, with any consistency, academic performance in pharmacy school is discussed.

College Admission Test↗
PubMed1982

Contractual relationships between colleges of pharmacy and university hospitals.

The relationships that exist between colleges of pharmacy and university hospitals located in academic medical centers were investigated, and the types of pharmaceutical services that are being offered by these institutions were profiled. Questionnaires were mailed to 35 directors of pharmaceutical services located in academic medical centers. Of the 30 institutions represented by respondents, 27 had a college of pharmacy on the same campus, and 13 had a formal agreement between the hospital and the college. Ninety-seven percent of the hospitals surveyed had unit-dose or partial unit-dose programs, and all of the hospitals had i.v. admixture services. Nine of the 13 hospitals with formal agreements and 13 of the 17 hospitals without formal agreements had decentralized pharmaceutical services. The staffing patterns in these institutions showed that only 10.3% of the pharmacist FTE positions were funded by the college of pharmacy. There was no difference in trends as related to faculty appointment, title, or tenure between directors in hospitals with and without affiliation agreements. Seven of the directors of pharmacy were in tenure-track positions, and the director's reporting mechanism in the college was either to the dean or the chairman of pharmacy practice. No differences were found between the pharmaceutical services offered, staffing patterns, or status of the director of pharmacy in hospitals with or without formal agreements with colleges of pharmacy. These authors believe that a firm relationship between the college and hospital might prove advantageous to both parties.

Contract Services↗