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Biomedical subjects

D R Krawiec

Publications and source records attributed to D R Krawiec.

22 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Canine struvite urolithiasis: problems and their dissolution.

Struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) uroliths are found more frequently in the urinary tracts, of dogs than are other types of uroliths. Infection of the urinary tract with urease-producing bacteria, especially staphylococci, plays an important role in urolith formation. An inherited predisposition to urinary tract infection may be associated with the high rat of occurrence of struvite uroliths in some dogs. Diagnosis of struvite urolithiasis should encompass analysis of the mineral composition of calculi and identification of concomitant urinary tract infection. Since urinary tract infections occur as sequelae to abnormalities in local or systemic host-defense mechanisms, appropriate effort should be directed toward detection of these abnormalities. Therapy of struvite urolithiasis should encompass relief of obstruction to outflow when necessary, elimination of existing calculi, eradication or control of urinary tract infection, and prevention of recurrence. Although surgical removal remains as the preferred method to eliminate struvite uroliths from dogs, nonsurgical methods of urolith dissolution should be considered. Recurrence of struvite uroliths may be prevented by various combinations of antimicrobial therapy, administration of urease inhibitors, acidification of urine, and induction of diuresis.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

A comparative study of allergic and primary irritant contact dermatitis with dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in dogs.

Attempts were made to induce allergic contact dermatitis in dogs, a species generally considered poorly responsive to experimental allergic contact dermatitis. Yound Beagles were sensitized to 2,4 dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) by multiple intradermal injections. Two weeks after sensitization, these dogs were challenged topically with 0.1% DNCB by a standard closed-patch technique. Sensitization evidenced by various degrees of reaction following challenge was established in all of 14 pups used, while 7 nonsensitized control pups did not react to challenge. Primary irritant contact dermatitis was induced in the skin of nonsensitized Beagle pups by 1%, 5%, and 10% solutions of DNCB. In allergic contact dermatitis the sites of challenge were grossly indurated, erythematous, and edematous. Histologically at these sites there was an infiltration of mononuclear cells which reached maximum intensity at 3 to 4 days. Accumulations of lymphoid cells were marked around sweat galnds and hair follicles. Penetration of leukocytes into these cutaneous adnexa was associated with degenerative processes in their cellular structures. Mononuclear cell infiltration into the epidermis was mild. Spongiosis was observed in the epidermis, but vesicle formation was rare. In primary irritant contact dermatitis gross lesions were characterized by severe erythema, edema, and gangreen of the skin. Microscopically, the main lesions were necrosis of the epidermal cells, separation of the epidermis from the dermis, dermal edema, and massive infiltration of the dermis with polymorphonuclear cells.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Systemic toxicity associated with doxorubicin administration in cats.

The systemic toxicity of doxorubicin, 30 mg/m2 body surface area (BSA) every 21 days to a cumulative dose of 300 mg/m2, was evaluated in six cats. Appetite, body weight, and the presence of vomiting and/or diarrhea were monitored throughout the study. Renal function was monitored by measuring serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine concentrations, urine specific gravity, and creatinine clearance before each treatment. Electrocardiograms and echocardiograms were also done before each treatment. The cats were killed 3 weeks after the last treatment, and complete necropsies were performed. Partial or complete anorexia occurred in all cats with significant weight loss occurring after a cumulative doxorubicin dose of 150 mg/m2 BSA. Mild vomiting and diarrhea that required no treatment also occurred sporadically in all cats. Echocardiographic changes consistent with doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy occurred in four cats after cumulative doses of 170 to 240 mg/m2 BSA. Clinical heart disease and electrocardiographic changes were not observed. Subsequent histological examination revealed myocyte vacuolization and myocytolysis in all six hearts. Renal dysfunction, characterized by increasing azotemia with progressively more dilute urine, was detected in two cats. Mean creatinine clearance values also decreased significantly throughout the study. At necropsy, all cats had histological evidence of renal disease.

Animals↗