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Biomedical subjects

D R Lines

Publications and source records attributed to D R Lines.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Gamma linolenic acid (GLA) content of encapsulated evening primrose oil products.

The fatty acid composition of 16 brands of evening primrose oil (EPO) capsules was determined by capillary gas chromatography. Fourteen of these EPO brands contained gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) levels between 7% and 10% (mean, 8.7; range, 1.9-10.5%) and there was generally good agreement between the level of GLA claimed by the manufacturer and the level determined by analysis. Low levels of the monoenes 22:1 and 24:1 found in some brands may indicate contamination of EPO with borage oil.

Capsules↗
PubMed1989

Effects of time of dose in relation to food on the bioavailability of Theo-Dur Sprinkle at steady state in asthmatic children.

The effects of administration of Theo-Dur Sprinkle in the fasting state (phase A), 10 minutes before food (phase B), and immediately after food (phase C) were investigated in 12 children with asthma aged 5 to 9 years at steady state. The AUC during the dosing interval was significantly reduced in phases B and C compared with phase A, and bioavailability relative to the fasting state was reduced to 77% +/- 15% (range 61% to 104%) in phase B and 70% +/- 16% (range 40% to 103%) in phase C. The average plasma theophylline concentration during the dosing interval and Cmax were also significantly reduced in phases B and C compared with phase A. The morning predose plasma theophylline concentration in phase B was 22% lower than the predose concentration with Theo-Dur tablets taken 10 minutes before breakfast. The diurnal variation in predose plasma theophylline concentrations was increased from 28% in phase A to 63% in phase C. There was no significant difference in any parameter between administration 10 minutes before food and immediately after food.

Asthma↗
PubMed1989

Focal glomerulosclerosis treated with heparin.

A boy with focal glomerulosclerosis as a result of nephrotic syndrome became unresponsive to corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide. He was given prolonged subcutaneous heparin with reduction in proteinuria, return of corticosteroid sensitivity, and no further deterioration (possibly improvement) in histological appearance. He remained completely well after five years.

Child↗
PubMed1987

The effectiveness of parent aides in the tertiary prevention of child abuse in South Australia.

A parent aide program using volunteer experienced mothers to prevent reabuse of children (tertiary prevention) has been highly successful (97% prevention) in Southern Adelaide, South Australia. The program was modeled on that described by Kempe and widely used in North America. Only minor modifications have been required to establish the program in South Australia. The outcome of the first five years' experience indicates that, despite a work load of more than 20 hours per month per client, less than 10% of volunteer parent aides withdrew from their two-year commitment to the program. The cost-benefit ratio of the program appears very low and the prevention of reabuse by mothers involved was less than that for other clients assessed by the Southern Metropolitan Child Protection Panel, which referred all cases for a parent aide in the five-year period reviewed. Difficulties in maintaining the program did arise but were dealt with by close liaison between the parent aide, the program coordinators, and the primary care worker in the community who was usually a social worker in the Department for Community Welfare. The parent aide program has proved a cost-effective and successful method of tertiary prevention.

Child↗
PubMed1983

Bioavailability and diurnal variation in absorption of sustained release theophylline in asthmatic children.

The absolute oral bioavailability of a sustained release theophylline tablet (Nuelin-SR250), given 12 hourly was determined in 14 asthmatic children aged 5 to 13 years. In 4 of the patients, mean bioavailability of the fourth dose was 38.9 +/- 8.4% and that of the sixth dose was 67.9 +/- 25.9% (p less than 0.05) in the other ten patients. This suggests steady-state had not been achieved after four doses. In the initial study with 9 patients, a significant diurnal variation in predose plasma theophylline concentrations was observed, as the mean morning predose concentrations were 2.9 fold greater than the mean evening predose concentrations (p less than 0.005). Dual peak plasma concentrations occurred in 5 out of the 9 patients. The mechanism of this diurnal variation was investigated in a further 5 asthmatic children (10.8 years +/- 1.6). Morning and night steady-state plasma theophylline concentrations during a continuous intravenous infusion of aminophylline were not different (14.9 +/- 5.3 mg/l vs. 15.6 +/- 5.9 mg/l), demonstrating that there was no diurnal variation in the plasma clearance of theophylline. The diurnal variation in predose concentrations with Neulin-SR250 was confirmed with the morning concentrations again being 2.6 fold greater than those in the evening. However, bioavailability was not significantly different for day (09.00-21.00) and night (21.00-09.00) dosing intervals after doses 6 and 7 respectively of Nuelin-SR250. The plasma concentration versus time profiles suggested that the diurnal variation in predose concentrations was due to slower absorption of the evening dose.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The assay on a defined medium of the effects of beta-2-thienylalanine on the growth of anaerobic bacterial isolates from phenylketonuric patients.

Faecal samples were taken from three diet-managed phenylketonuric children to determine effects of beta-2-thienylalanine (beta-2-t) on indigenous bacteria. From sample swabs, 127 anaerobes were identified and tested for beta-2-t inhibition on a phenylalanine (Phe)-free medium, Anaerobe Inhibition Test (AIT) agar. Of the isolates, 77.9% grew sufficiently to assay reactions on at least 25% of AIT plates. Using Phe-containing Columbia agar, 86.5% of the strains could be assayed. None of 28 Bacteroides cultures was inhibited by beta-2-t on AIT. Of the genera, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, Lactobacillus, Peptostreptococcus, and Propionibacterium, no isolates which would grow on AIT were inhibited. At least one isolate of each of the genera Peptococcus, Fusobacterium, and Clostridium was inhibited. Of 127 total isolates, only nine were inhibited by beta-2-t on AIT, and inhibition was abolished on Columbia agar. Thirty-nine "aerobes" were isolated from the same patients. Strains of the genera tested reacted similarly to previously tested strains from non-PKU sources. Also, anaerobically isolated Excherichia coli were inhibited, while Streptococcus faecalis cultures were not, confirming results on aerobically-isolated non-PKU cultures of the same species. These studies, the first dealing with beta-2-t and anaerobic bacteria, suggest that little change in intestinal bacterial populations might be expected during in vivo beta-2-t treatment.

Agar↗
PubMed1980

Comparison of liquid and agar-solidified defined media regarding the physiological mechanism by which beta-2-thienylalanine inhibits growth of Escherichia, Shigella, and Salmonella cultures.

Growth comparisons were made, using Shigella, Escherichia, and Salmonella cultures, in liquid and agar-solidified defined media containing beta-2-thienylalanine (beta-2-t). The comparisons were performed to determine the nature of growth inhibition by beta-2-t under different physical growth conditions. In a plate assay, with increasing beta-2-t mixed into the agar, inhibition of Escherichia and Shigella increased. However, Salmonella cultures were not inhibited even at the highest beta-2-t concentrations used. With beta-2-t added to liquid cultures, however, dose-response growth relationships were exhibited by all three genera. The differences occurring in beta-2-t inhibition between liquid and plate assay conditions were not due to composition of culture plates, time of challenge of cultures with beta-2-t, availability of oxygen and associated differences in ratios of volume of media to available surface area, selection of mutants in the plate assay, or to extractable substances from the agar. However, when beta-2-t diffusion into the liquid medium was delayed by using agar plug diffusion cultures, a physiological mechanism was demonstrable which largely protected Salmonella cultures, but not Escherichia and Shigella cultures, from growth inhibition.

Agar↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of an adapted milk with whole cows milk.

Two groups of babies, one having SMA, one homogenised milk, were studied. Haemoglobin was measured in the neonatal period, and at 3, 6, 10 1/2 and 15 months. Five babies of the homogenised milk group became anaemic. Stools were tested for occult blood, with more strongly positive test results found in babies having homogenised milk. Serum lipids were measured at 3, 6, 10 1/2 and 15 months. Serum cholesterol was significantly higher at three and six months in the homogenised milk group. There were no significant differences in growth between the groups. Review of progress at five years of age discovered higher serum cholesterol in those children of social class three who had homogenised milk compared with the similar five year olds who had had SMA.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Colonization by Salmonella typhimurium and Shigella flexneri III of the gastrointestinal tract of mice treated with beta-2-thienylalanine and streptomycin.

Mice fed beta-2-thienylalanine (beta-2-T) by oesophageal tube were no more susceptible to gastrointestinal tract colonization by Salmonella typhimurium or Shigella flexneri III than control mice fed water. In both beta-2-T-fed and water-fed groups, the increasing dosage of S. typhimurium, in logarithmic increments to groups of mice, resulted in increasing numbers of these bacteria detectable on dilution plates from organ homogenates. Colonization by S. flexneri III only occurred at a dosage of 10(8) bacteria for both groups. Pretreatment with 50 mg streptomycin allowed 10(3) Salmonella or 10(4) Shigella to colonize both beta-2-T and water-fed groups. Coliforms, inhibited by beta-2-T under certain conditions in vitro, were found in equal numbers in both groups. No obvious differences were noted in either types of other bacteria detected or numbers recovered from the two groups. No gross behavioural changes were noted in mice fed beta-2-T and not challenged with pathogenic bacteria, and no pathological changes were noted in hepatic or splenic tissues. With increasing Salmonella dosage, collections of polymorphonuclear leucocytes, which were almost focal, and increased numbers of giant cells were noted in splenic red pulp areas, in both groups.

Alanine↗
PubMed1978

Antistreptococcal antibody titres in the serum of school children in Auckland.

Geometric mean titres for serum antistreptococcal antibodies in a group of 12-year-old Auckland children are presented. The mean titres did not change over a period of 12 months in paired samples. The values obtained are similar to published figures from other parts of the world, suggesting the techniques used provide comparable data.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1978

Child health of Great Barrier Island.

The health of 69 children on Great Barrier Island was studied. This is an isolated community without a permanent doctor, and most children were healthy. Ear disease was the commonest problem, especially in Maori children. Problems of impetigo, scabies, rheumatic fever and dental caries were not present. Comparisons are made with the results of a recent Auckland study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Progress of infants fed Karitane Milk Food compared with those on breast or homogenised milk.

A study was made of three groups of babies, one breast fed, one having Karitane Milk Food, the third homogenised milk. Blood sodium and urea were measured in the neonatal period. The urea levels were significantly higher in babies having homogenised milk compared with those fed Karitane or breast milk. Haemoglobin was measured in the neonatal period, and at 3, 6, 10 1/2 and 18 months. At six months, haemoglobin levels were significantly higher in Karitane milk fed than in homogenised milk fed babies. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride were measured in cord blood, and at 6 and 18 months of age. Serum triglyceride levels in babies on Karitane Milk Food were significantly higher than those on homogenised milk. Increments in weight, height and head circumference were compared. Karitane milk fed babies gained significantly more weight than breast fed between three and six months of age.

Animals↗