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Biomedical subjects

D Rae

Publications and source records attributed to D Rae.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Glomerular damage after kidney preservation.

Severe proteinuria occurs during isolated organ perfusion of kidneys removed from SD and DA rats and subjected to 24-hr cold preservation. In both strains increased glomerular permeability was associated with changes in glomerular visceral epithelial cells, particularly cytoplasmic edema and detachment of cells from capillary basement membranes. Foot processes were intact and staining for sialoglycoprotein was retained. The changes were compatible with survival of the isograft kidney after transplantation, but moderate proteinuria was found in some rats after one month. Protein loss in the urine during isolated organ perfusion is very much less in kidneys subjected to 4-hr cold preservation, and the glomerular epithelial cells are normal or show only minimal cytoplasmic edema on electron microscopy. The experiment shows that significant damage to glomeruli may occur during preservation prior to transplantation, and the model itself can be usefully exploited to determine the relation between increased glomerular permeability to albumin and the associated changes in the glomerular capillary wall.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The influence of the contralateral kidney upon recovery from unilateral warm renal ischemia.

Unilateral warm renal ischemia of 90 min duration was induced in rats and the contralateral normal kidney was removed either immediately or after 1, 2, 4 or 14 d. Contralateral nephrectomy at 2, 4, 14 d increased survival and modified the functional and morphological events of the recovery period. Optimal recovery was obtained by 4 d delay. When contralateral nephrectomy was delayed by 14 d, scarring of the ischemic kidney was more severe suggesting that regeneration of damaged nephrons was impaired when renal homeostasis was sustained by the contralateral kidney. Such biphasic and inverse effects of normal kidney tissue are likely to be important determinants of the natural history of severe unilateral renal damage.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Sodium absorption with bacterial fatty acids and bile salts in the proximal and distal colon as a guide to colonic resection.

Rates of sodium absorption in the presence of bacterial fatty acids and bile salts are unknown along the length of the colon. Such information may guide resection of colon with a view to leaving colon most optimal for ion absorption. Absorption of sodium and permeability of the colonic mucosa to 51Cr EDTA was measured in the proximal (PC) and distal colon (DC) instilled with NaCl (120 mM), n-butyrate (40 mM) and chenodeoxycholic acid (1 or 2 mM) in varying combinations. Sodium absorption in the PC was 123.6 +/- 19 (nmoles/min/cm2)(n = 7) with saline alone and was doubled (P less than .001) when 40 mM n-butyrate replaced chloride anions. Sodium absorption in the DC with saline alone was 106.9 +/- 18 without significant alteration by addition of n-butyrate. CDC (1 mM) diminished sodium absorption in the PC and DC. Diminished sodium absorption induced by bile salts was significantly reversed by n-butyrate in the PC but not DC. Permeability of 51Cr EDTA was greatest with 2 mM CDC in the distal colon. Mucosal function--sodium absorption with SCFAs, permeability changes, and protection by bacterial fatty acids from sodium losses due to bile salts--was superior in the PC compared with DC. Our results suggest that it may be preferable to preserve the proximal rather than distal colon in operations of the colon to secure optimal absorption of sodium.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Studies in renal preservation using a rat kidney transplant model: II. The effect of reflushing with citrate.

This study investigated the possible beneficial effects of reflushing renal grafts with isotonic citrate solution. Rat kidneys were initially flushed with isotonic citrate or with Hartmann's solutions at O C. After 2 hr, half the kidneys of each group were reflushed with isotonic citrate; 22 hr later, all kidneys were transplanted into rats of the same inbred strain. All animals receiving kidneys flushed with Hartmann's solution died, whereas reflushing such kidneys with isotonic citrate significantly ameliorated the deleterious effects of Hartmann's solution. All animals receiving citrate-flushed kidneys survived with relatively good renal function and morphology. However, reflushing itself is not a beneficial procedure and is only of value where an ineffective preserving solution has been used to flush the kidneys initially. There is evidence that some of the adverse effects of flushing develop in the renal medulla.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Studies of renal preservation using a rat kidney transplant model. Evaluation of citrate flushing.

Rat kidneys were flushed with isotonic citrate solution, hypertonic citrate solution, or Collins's C2 solution, and were stored hypothermically for 24 hr before transplantation into another rat of the same inbred colony. The number of animals surviving for one month was greatest with isotonic-citrate-flushed kidneys (82%), and least with Collins's C2 solution (27%). Functional and morphological damage after transplantation was consistently greater in Collins's-flushed grafts, as compared with citrate-flushed grafts. Best results were attained with the isotonic-citrate flushed grafts. Seven days after contralateral nephrectomy all surviving animals had elevated serum creatinine and urea concentrations, along with decreased creatinine clearance, and they had secreted large volumes of dilute urine. Renal function was best in animals with isotonic-citrate-flushed grafts. After one month, significant improvement in urine osmolality, creatinine clearance, and serum creatinine had occurred only in the rats with citrate-flushed grafts. There were no significant differences between the citrate groups. All surviving rats had some residual renal cortical damage, but severe interstitial nephritis (greater than 30%) was much less frequent in the citrate groups.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Recovery of renal function after warm ischemia. I. The effect of chlorpromazine and phenoxybenzamine.

The effects of treatment with chlorpromazine (4 mg/kg) and phenoxybenzamine (1 and 5 mg/kg) on renal function and morphology after warm ischemia and contralateral nephrectomy were studied. Chlorpromazine pretreatment by intravenous injection 15 min before warm ischemia of 60 min resulted in the survival of all animals (cf. 75% in untreated group), with better renal function in the first week. Necrosis of the proximal convoluted tubule and ultimate residual cortical damage were less severe than in the untreated groups. Chlorpromazine was also beneficial after 75 min warm ischemia, although mortality was not reduced. Administration of chlorpromazine just prior to revascularization was ineffective, suggesting that sufficient concentration of the drug must be present in the kidney during the ischemic period or immediately after revascularization. Chlorpromazine probably protects the proximal tubular cells from ischemic damage. Phenoxybenzamine (1 mg/kg) was ineffective when administered 15 min before warm ischemia. A higher (5 mg/kg) dosage of the drug proved to be detrimental.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Facial recognition memory deficits in normal aging and senile dementia.

Recognition memory for faces was studied in 167 subjects comprised of young normals, elderly normals and elderly senile dementia patients with mild to moderate cognitive impairment. A continuous recognition paradigm was used which required an "old-new" decision to be made for each facial stimulus. The design of the stimulus sequence produced delay intervals of .5, 1, 2, and 4 min between the first and second presentations of each face, and a long delay of 40 min was also evaluated. A signal detection analysis revealed large recognition memory deficits at all delay intervals for the two elderly groups as compared to the young normals, but no differences between the normal and impaired elderly groups. In addition, there were no group differences in response criterion. The results suggest a deficit in nonverbal encoding/storage due to normal aging but no further deficit due to mild to moderate senile dementia. The data also fail to confirm an age-related increase in "cautiousness" in recognition memory tasks.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nurses' knowledge about and attitudes toward patients with AIDS.

With the increasing incidence of AIDS, it is probably inevitable that most nurses working in acute care settings will at some time come in contact with a patient who has AIDS. Nurses must be prepared to give safe, competent, and compassionate care to patients with AIDS. This article reports the results of a survey of registered nurses' knowledge and attitudes related to AIDS and AIDS patients. The respondents displayed moderate scores on the knowledge questions, high scores on transmission and treatment, but low scores on epidemiology and pathophysiology. On the attitude subscales, scores were above three on a five-point scale, indicating a lack of negative attitudes. Recommendations for educational programming are included.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗