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Biomedical subjects

D Rankin

Publications and source records attributed to D Rankin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Differential effect of recombinant granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor on human monocytes and alveolar macrophages.

The effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a pluripotent cytokine, on tumoricidal activity of alveolar macrophages and monocytes from nonsmoking normal volunteers was compared using [3H]thymidine-labeled human tumor cells (SK-MEL-28, melanoma) as targets. A dose-response study (500-5000 units/ml) of recombinant GM-CSF indicated dramatic differences between cytotoxicity of alveolar macrophages and blood monocytes. Macrophages exhibited significant (P less than 0.01) tumoricidal activity at all GM-CSF doses tested. In contrast, monocytes showed no significant tumoricidal activity at 500 units/ml and significantly (P less than 0.01) less activity than alveolar macrophages at doses of 1000-5000 units/ml. Maximal activity in alveolar macrophages occurred 72-96 h after exposure to 1000-5000 units/ml GM-CSF. Tumoricidal activity may be related to the state of maturation, because monocytes matured in vitro for 7 days displayed enhanced tumoricidal activity after GM-CSF exposure. Tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta were measured in supernatant fluids of 24-h GM-CSF-treated cells. No significant increase in either cytokine was detected after GM-CSF treatment of alveolar macrophages. Monocyte interleukin 1 beta secretion was not enhanced by GM-CSF; however, tumor necrosis factor alpha secretion was enhanced in some donors (three of five). Superoxide anion production of alveolar macrophages was not enhanced by GM-CSF. These data suggest that alveolar macrophage tumoricidal activity is induced by GM-CSF and is not dependent on oxidative metabolism or secreted forms of interleukin 1 beta or tumor necrosis factor alpha.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The master's prepared mental health nurse: an assessment of employer expectations.

A needs assessment survey seemed essential to a group of faculty members engaged in updating the curriculum in a Master's program in Mental Health Nursing in a University School of Nursing in the Midwest. An attempt was made to identify those nurse administrators who interviewed and hired clinical nursing personnel in hospitals in which psychiatric services were provided. Data were obtained from 23 respondents. The findings indicated that 1) Master's-prepared mental health-psychiatric nurses are being hired in the area; 2) at least 50% of the time, MSN graduates are expected to function in middle-management or administrative roles; and 3) Comprehensive Mental Health Nursing theory and skill development, rather than subspecialties, is viewed as the most important curricular focus. The need to continue recruiting students and develop and articulate the knowledge base in Mental Health Nursing through research and theory development is critical.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1988

Recurrent osteoblastoma of the carpal hamate.

A case of recurrent osteoblastoma of the hamate is reported. Curettage and bone grafting is usually followed by recurrence. Wide excision of the tumor is the treatment of choice if anatomically feasible.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Hospital smoking policies in Victoria. 1987.

This third study to be carried out in Victoria since 1980, into hospital smoking policies and practices, on hospitals sized 50 beds and over, was part of a study by the Victorian Smoking and Health Program that encompassed all Victorian hospitals. Of hospitals, sized 50 beds and over, more imposed restrictions on smoking than in 1980, fewer sold cigarettes, and fewer were yet aware of what constitutes non-smoking education. The major study found that most hospitals imposed restriction on smoking, 20% sold cigarettes, and few were aware of what constitutes non-smoking education.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1986

The use of radionuclide bone scintigraphy to determine local spread of oral squamous cell carcinoma to mandible.

In oral squamous cell carcinoma, conservative resection of mandible is not recommended if there is tumour invasion. The use of bone scintigraphy to obtain a more accurate assessment of tumour spread has been evaluated in comparison with radiographs and histology in 11 patients. Tumour invasion of bone was shown on scans and radiographs, but periosteal reaction to tumour was detected by scintigraphy only. Thus both scintigraphy and radiography are recommended for preoperative assessment of bony margins for radical resection.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Multiple-section radionuclide tomography of the kidney: a clinical evaluation.

The clinical utility of radionuclide emission tomography of the kidney in comparison with conventional gamma-camera imaging has been assessed from scans of 60 patients suspected of having space-occupying lesions of the kidney. Nineteen patients had renal tumour, 17 had cysts and seven had renal pseudotumours; the remainder had no lesion. Objective trials using four observers showed only a slight, statistically insignificant advantage from the addition of tomographic sections to conventional images. However, in several individual cases tomography had aided diagnosis, particularly in obese patients, when an alternative non-invasive investigation (ultrasonography) was inconclusive. In seven patients a positive diagnosis of renal pseudotumour was made possible by tomography; definite identification of ectopic functioning cortical tissue at the location of a mass suspected after urography was considered to be a distinct diagnostic advantage gained from emission tomography of the kidney.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

New technique for showing the relation of tomographic myocardial perfusion images obtained with thallium-201 to the coronary arteries.

A new technique has been developed for presenting myocardial tomograms that allows the observer to perceive the shape of the thallium-201 distribution directly. The surface of the myocardium was found by applying an interactive thresholding technique to a set of conventional transverse slices. Computer graphics techniques were used to display a shaded image of that surface on a television screen, showing the three dimensional shape of the myocardial surface from any chosen aspect. A set of normal preserved coronary arteries was digitised, and using scaling and transformation techniques these arteries were mapped on to the myocardial tomograms and a shaded surface image produced with superimposed coronary arteries. This provided a familiar anatomical framework for locating perfusion defects. Its value in identifying various diseased vessels was confirmed by a comparison of the tomographic findings with the angiographic findings in five individual cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Quantitative analysis of rotating gamma camera thallium-201 scintigrams of myocardium.

Detection of defects in myocardial uptake of thallium-201 has been investigated by tomography with a rotating gamma camera. Twenty patients, 17 of whom had symptoms suggestive but not diagnostic of angina, and three with definite angina, underwent exercise ECG testing. Thallium-201 was injected at peak stress, followed by tomographic imaging with 180 degree data collection. A repeat study 4 h later showed the resting blood flow (redistribution) pattern. Transverse, coronal and sagittal sections were reconstructed and stress and redistribution studies compared. Quantitative comparison of T1-201 uptake in the stress and redistribution sections was investigated using profile analysis. These results were compared with a visual assessment. Tomographic images clearly showed defects in myocardial uptake and enabled scans to be classified definitely as normal, ischaemic or showing previous myocardial infarction. Results agreed with those from exercise ECG where ECG findings were definite, and gave a clear diagnosis in cases with equivocal ECG results. Significant differences were demonstrated between stress and resting uptake profiles for all segments judged ischaemic on stress from the images alone. A 'normal' profile was obtained to permit identification of infarcted regions. While quantitative analysis enabled the tomograms to be classified objectively, qualitative assessment was equally effective in nearly every case, possibly due to the clear and unconfusing image presentation.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1981

Lysophosphoglycerides in ischemic myocardium effluents and potentiation of their arrhythmogenic effects.

Lysophosphoglycerides accumulate in ischemic myocardium. To determine whether lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) concentrations increase in extracellular fluid and may be arrhythmogenic, the anterior descending coronary artery of the open-chest cat (n = 12) was perfused with a Krebs-albumin solution after 10 min of ischemia and the effluent assayed for LPC. A twofold increase in LPC (0.097 +/- 0.02 to 0.170 +/- 0.03 mM) was observed. Microelectrode intracellular recordings from from normal feline endocardium at pH 7.4 in vitro revealed little change in action potentials when superfused with feline plasma despite augmented LPC to twice normal levels (0.74 mM). However, at pH 6.7, marked changes were elicited by LPC-enriched plasma including diminished resting membrane potential (-96 +/- 1 to -35 +/- 7 mV), amplitude (102 +/- 3 to 36 +/- 8 mV), maximum rate of rise (Vmax) of phase 0 (178 +/- 24 to 26 +/- 11 V/s), and conduction velocity with fractionation of the action potential. Acidified control plasma decreased only Vmax (from 161 to 57 V/s). Thus LPC increases twofold in effluents from cat myocardium in vivo after 10 min of ischemia and, coupled with ischemia-induced acidosis, is sufficient to induce marked electrophysiological derangements in vitro.

Acidosis↗