[Deep freezing of elephant semen].
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to D Rath.
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Ejaculates were collected at 3-day intervals before, during and after a washing procedure with chlorhexidine (2%). Semen motility and pathology were determined before and after deep-freezing. Blood samples were taken before and within 1 h after washing procedures and then extracted in ether. This was followed by HPL chromatography. Chlorhexidine concentrations in blood and seminal plasma were distinctly higher in the treated stallions than in control groups. Concentrations in the control groups were below the detection limit of the column. Significant correlations between decreasing semen quality (% immotile cells, % morphological aberrations) and chlorhexidine treatment were found. A change of the present requirements for imports into North America should be considered to improve the semen quality of deep-frozen ejaculates.
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Working in a cost-conscious health care environment changes the accessibility to conferences, workshops and other continuing education offerings. Educators, employers and individual nurses are compelled to be innovative in their approach to maintaining competency through continuing education (CE). Greater emphasis must be placed on effectively matching CE programs with carefully targeted learning needs. This article illustrates a four-phase approach to an individualized enhancement program that incorporates job expectations and competencies. The phases are: 1) completing a needs assessment, 2) defining learning objectives, 3) assessing available learning resources, and 4) evaluating the CE experience.
In vitro production of transferable pig embryos is the key technology for an optimized utilization of high yielding farm animals, for the development of recent agricultural products and for the maintenance of genetic variability. Here we present research results of a recent larger study. Emphasis is on techniques to prepare sperm cells for IVF and to culture IVF-embryos in vitro up to blastocyst stages.