PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D Roll

Publications and source records attributed to D Roll.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

An interactive microcomputer program for calculation of combined parenteral and enteral nutrition for neonates.

A responsive, iterating program is described (available on diskette from first author), which enables the physician to formulate a balanced, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for low-birth-weight and sick newborns. The program allows for the possibility of TPN or simultaneous intravenous, intraarterial, and oral feeding. It calculates the overall balance of fluids, nutrients, calories, electrolytes, minerals, trace elements, and vitamins. It features the integration of algorithms and limit tests of nutritional balance, to produce a feeding program that can be modified by clinical considerations of the physician, specific for each patient. The entire procedure can be accomplished, and a record of the entries and orders to the pharmacy and to the ward staff printed, within about 4-5 min. The program, which is written in BASIC, can be accommodated within and operated with a 16K byte microcomputer, equipped with a monitor, a printer, and a diskette or other program storage device.

Computers↗
PubMed1982

Pancreatitis as a complication of Henoch--Schonlein purpura.

A 5-year-old girl suffering from Henoch--Schonlein purpura developed severe abdominal pain accompanied by vomiting and fever. Concomitantly, the serum amylase level became elevated and leukocytosis developed, with a shift to the left. A diagnosis of pancreatitis complicating Henoch--Schonlein purpura was made. This rare complication is presented, along with a review of the literature.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1982

Campylobacter enteritis in infants and young children.

Campylobacter has recently been recognized as a common pathogen of the intestinal tract in pediatric practice. We report on 21 patients who were diagnosed as having enteritis due to Campylobacter jejuni infection. The most common symptom was diarrhea, accompanied by fever, vomiting and abdominal pain. The in vitro sensitivity test demonstrated the efficacy of aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol and erythromycin in the treatment of this disease. All the patients were symptom-free when discharged from the hospital.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Antagonism of the cardiovascular and respiratory depressant effects of morphine in the conscious rabbit by physostigmine.

The influence of physostigmine was studied on the effect of morphine on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems in conscious rabbits. Morphine (4 mg/kg i.v.) caused analgesia, bradycardia, hypotension and respiratory depression, as indicated by a fall in respiratory rate of 50%, a rise in blood PaCO2 from 25.1 to 37.2 mm Hg and a fall in pH from 7.40 to 7.24. These effects lasted 2 to 3 hr and were completely antagonized by naloxone. Physostigmine (2.5 or 5 microgram/kg/min) given by constant i.v. infusion did not significantly alter blood pressure or heart rate, but decreased blood PaCO2 from 25.1 to 19 mm Hg and increased pH from 7.40 to 7.46. Pretreatment of rabbits with physostigmine (5 microgram/kg/min) completely prevented both the fall in blood pressure and blood pH and the rise in PaCO2 induced by morphine (4 mg/kg) and also significantly reduced both the intensity and duration of bradycardia. Analgesics activity of morphine remained unimpaired by physostigmine. Neostigmine (2.5 microgram/kg/min) potentiated the bradycardia induced by morphine and did not antagonize its hypotensive and respiratory depressant effects. The results support the hypothesis that the respiratory and cardiovascular depressant effects of morphine, but not the analgesia, results from an inhibition of acetylcholine release from neurons in the central nervous system.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Six-year experience with bovine arterial graft for hemodialysis.

During the last six years 29 bovine arterial grafts were implanted in 21 patients. A total of 186 angioaccesses had been performed on these patients prior to the insertion of bovine graft. Nineteen grafts (65.5%) are still patent with a mean patency time of 43 months. Ten grafts (34.5%) failed, the main cause of failure being infection. The cumulative patency of failed grafts was 46 months.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Purification and characterization of a nuclear DNA-binding phosphoprotein in fetal and tumor tissues.

The basic nonhistone phosphoprotein 110/8.4 (M.W. X 10(-3)/pI) was found in 0.35 M NaCl nuclear extracts of four tumor tissues, i.e., fast-growing Novikoff hepatoma, Morris hepatoma 3924A, HeLa cells, and Namalwa cells; it was also found in fetal rat liver. This protein was not detected in normal or regenerating liver and thus may represent an "oncofetal" protein of potential interest as a cancer "marker." Protein 110/8.4 was purified approximately 4000- to 5000-fold under nondenaturing condition from 0.35 M NaCl nuclear extracts of Novikoff hepatoma cells or Namalwa cells by ammonium sulfate fractionation, calcium phosphate gel treatment, and phosphocellulose chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate:polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified native protein revealed a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of approximately 110,000. The pI of the protein was estimated to be 8.4 by nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis in 9 M urea; accordingly, this protein was designated 110/8.4. Amino acid analysis showed that Protein 110/8.4 had an acidic:basic amino acid ratio of 1.25 and a high lysine and serine content; approximately 20% of the serine residues were found to be phosphorylated. Hydrazinolysis indicated that the carboxyl-terminal amino acid was serine; the amino terminus appeared to be blocked. Binding of Protein 110/8.4 to DNA was studied by the nitrocellulose filter assay. High-affinity binding occurred at ionic strength equal to or below 0.15 M.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Physostigmine antagonizes morphine-induced respiratory depression but not analgesia in dogs and rabbits.

The ability of physostigmine to antagonize the respiratory depressant effect of morphine was studied in conscious rabbits and ketamine-anaesthetized dogs pretreated with atropine methyl nitrate. Morphine 4 mg kg-1 increased PaCO2 in the rabbit from 3.43 +/- 0.16 to 4.95 +/- 0.28 kPa, decreased arterial pH from 7.45 +/- 0.01 to 7.31 +/- 0.01 and decreased respiratory frequency by 36%. Physostigmine 0.1 mg kg-1 reduced PaCO2 to control values within 10 min and significantly increased arterial pH and respiratory frequency. There was no antagonism of the analgesic effect of morphine. Neostigmine 0.1 mg kg-1 did not reverse the respiratory depressant effect of morphine. In dogs anaesthetized with ketamine, morphine 15 mg kg-1 caused loss of consciousness and marked analgesia, decreased the respiratory frequency by 47%, and increased PaCO2 by 47%. Physostigmine 0.1 mg kg-1 antagonized the effect of morphine on respiration and restored consciousness in the dogs, but did not impair analgesia. It is concluded that physostigmine reverses morphine-induced respiratory depression by prolonging the effect of acetylcholine released from brain-stem neurones. The possibility should be considered of replacing opiate antagonists by physostigmine to reverse postoperative respiratory depression and drowsiness induced by opiates.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1979

Selective reduction of adrenal medulla response to angiotensin induced by suppression of renin-angiotensin.

Angiotensin II (AII) induced an increase of adrenaline (A) release from rat adrenal glands in vitro. The response of the adrenal glands was completely abolished 22--24 h after bilateral nephrectomy. Adrenal glands from DOCA-salt-treated rats did not respond to AII as well, whereas adrenal glands from rats treated with furosemide and a low salt diet retained this response. High potassium in the medium increased significantly the release of A from in vitro incubated adrenal glands of nephrectomized rats from 0.43 +/- 0.04 to 0.63 +/- 0.06 microgram/gland and salbutamol (in calcium-free medium) increased the release from 0.34 +/- 0.03 to 0.43 +/- 0.03 microgram/gland. These results indicate that the adrenal medulla develops subsensitivity to AII in vitro, following a reduction in levels of this agonist in vivo.

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMed1979

Transient hypoaldosteronism after renal allotransplantation.

Studies were performed to investigate the nature of the hyperkalemia and hypokaliuria observed in two patients after renal allotransplantation in both of whom the graft was functioning and urinary output was adequate. In the first patient, examinations in the upright position revealed low values for plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone. The second patient showed similar findings, and, in addition, an angiotensin II (Hypertensin) infusion was ineffective in stimulating aldosterone secretion during the hyperkalemic state. In both patients, short-term administration of 9 alpha-fluorohydrocortisone caused kaliuresis with a definite decrease in serum potassium. There was a spontaneous correction of the biochemical and hormonal abnormalities six weeks after transplantation and the response to an angiotensin II infusion normalized. We suggest that the hyperkalemia in both of these patients was due primarily to the transient failure of the renin-angiotensin system of the transplanted kidney.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Comparison of the carbohydrate and amino acid composition of normal and S-variant alpha-1-antitrypsin.

alpha-1-Antitrypsin has been isolated and purified from the serum of an individual with the Pi S phenotype whose serum contains only 50--60% as much alpha-1-antitrypsin as normal M-type serum. The preparation was homogeneous by the criteria of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and sedimentation equilibrium ultracentrigufation. When analyzed in the ultracentrifuge, the S-type alpha-1-antitrypsin exhibited a molecular weight of 47,500 which was essentially the same as that of the M-type (47,300) and the Z-type (47,500) alpha-1-antitrypsin. The S-type alpha-1-antitrypsin contains 15.2% carbohydrate consisting of 16.4 residues/mol of N-acetylglucosamine, 7.8 residues/mol of mannose. 6.7 residues/mol of galactose and 7.1 residues/mol of sialic acid which is essentially the same as the carbohydrate composition of the M-type alpha-1-antitrypsin. In addition, M- and S-type alpha-1-antitrypsin have very similar amino acid compositions.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1978

Effect of uremia on tumor growth in mice.

Outbred Swiss mice of the Hebrew University strain were subtotally nephrectomized. The experimental and control animals were both divided into two subgroups, with one group kept on a regular animal house diet and one on a low-protein diet. All the animals were injected with Ehrlich's ascites tumor cells s.c. into the neck region. Two weeks later, the animals were killed and the tumor was excised and weighed to the nearest milligram. Tumor size in the uremic animals--the nephrectomized animals kept on a regular diet--was significantly smaller than in all other groups, which had blood urea nitrogen levels well within the normal range. It is suggested that urea may be a factor responsible for inhibiting tumor growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1968

Behavioral engineering: postural control by a portable operant apparatus.

Recent studies suggested a general behavioral engineering approach to behavioral disorders by portable operant treatment instruments. The approach was applied to the problem of poor posture, specifically rounding of the back or slouching. An apparatus was developed that provided a warning stimulus followed by an aversive tone for the duration of slouching. Slouching was thereby punished by onset of the tone, and non-slouching was reinforced by tone termination and postponement. Twenty-five adults wore the apparatus during their normal working day during alternate periods in which the aversive tone was connected and disconnected experimentally. A miniature time-meter recorded the duration of slouching. The results showed that slouching decreased for each subject during each period in which slouching produced the aversive tone. For two subjects, a second control procedure was applied in which slouching terminated the tone. The result was an increase of slouching, demonstrating that the postural changes were controlled by the scheduled relation between the aversive tone and the response, and not by other factors such as simple response feedback. The substantial changes in posture indicate that the present procedure may prove to be an effective treatment alternative and suggests the general value of the behavioral engineering approach.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Subacute and chronic cerebral infarctions: SPECT and gadolinium-DTPA enhanced MR imaging.

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) examinations of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) were carried out in 23 patients with 19 subacute and 7 chronic cerebral infarctions. Corresponding magnetic resonance (MR) examinations (unenhanced and contrast enhanced scans) were done within a time interval of 2 days. Although all subacute lesions showed an increased rCBV, the rCBF could be either increased or decreased. Contrast enhancement in MR was associated with increased rCBV but not with increased rCBF. In all chronic lesions rCBV and rCBF were decreased and there was no contrast enhancement detectable in MR. The application of Gd-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid as contrast agent in MR demonstrates blood-brain barrier disruption as focal or gyral contrast enhancement in cerebral infarction. The SPECT examinations revealed an increased rCBV indicating a vasodilation or vasoparalysis. The rCBF was either increased or decreased depending on the collateral formation or recanalization of occluded vessels.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An analysis of the respiratory stimulant effect of physostigmine and neostigmine in the conscious rabbit.

1. The effects of physostigmine and neostigmine, given by continuous intravenous infusion, were studied on respiration in conscious rabbits. 2. Physostigmine (5 mg/kg per min) significantly increased respiration rate, decreased arterial PaCO2 from 25.4 +/- 0.9 to 19.8 +/- 1.5 mmHg, increased PaO2 from 100.3 +/- 1.9 to 108 +/- 3.0 and pH from 7.42 +/- 0.01 to 7.46 +/- 0.01 within 30 min of its infusion. 3. Neostigmine (2.5 mg/kg per min) also decreased PaCO2 and increased PaO2 significantly, but caused a concomitant lactic acidosis, which was associated with the increased muscular activity and fasciculations. 4. The respiratory stimulant effect of neostigmine, but not that of physostigmine, was abolished by hexamethonium 2 X (1.5 mg/kg). Atropine methyl nitrate (1 mg/kg) failed to influence the respiratory stimulant effect of physostigmine, but hyoscine (10 mg/kg) blocked it completely. 5. It is suggested that augmentation of respiratory activity by neostigmine is mediated via peripheral nicotinic receptors in the carotid and aortic bodies. This may occur either through the accumulation of acetylcholine or H+ ions from raised blood lactic acid. 6. It is further suggested that physostigmine stimulates respiration by raising the concentration of acetylcholine in the central nervous system which, in turn, activates muscarinic receptors.

Animals↗