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Biomedical subjects

D Rosenstein

Publications and source records attributed to D Rosenstein.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

The Met66 allele of the functional Val66Met polymorphism in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene confers protection against neurocognitive dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus.

BACKGROUND: A common functional polymorphism of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene (BDNF Val66Met) was previously associated with diminished episodic memory performance in healthy people. As cognitive function is commonly impaired in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the association of the BDNF Val66Met with neurocognitive function was studied. OBJECTIVE: To study the association of the BDNF Val66Met with neurocognitive function in a cohort of patients with SLE. METHODS: Cognitive function was assessed in 59 patients with SLE with no previous or current central nervous system involvement. Cognitive tests were grouped into five domains (memory, attention/executive function, visuospatial skills, motor function and psychomotor speed) and used to obtain domain Z scores, reflecting the difference between averaged scores of performance on individual tests and published norms in each domain. Genotyping was carried out using a 5'-nuclease assay with 99.9% accuracy. Unpaired t test was used to assess the relationship between genotypes and cognitive function, whereas the effect of possible confounders was assessed in a multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Patients carrying the Met66 allele scored significantly higher on psychomotor, attention/executive and motor function tests, resulting in significantly higher domain Z scores for the psychomotor (p = 0.005) and motor (p = 0.002) domains. CONCLUSIONS: The BDNF Met66 allele was associated with better cognitive functioning in the psychomotor and motor domains, even after controlling for differences in ethnicity, sex, depression status and prednisone treatment. These data suggest that the BDNF Met66 allele confers protection against the decline of motor and psychomotor cognitive functions in patients with longstanding SLE.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

The effect of bilateral glossopharyngeal nerve anaesthesia on swallowing in horses.

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Dysfunction of the glossopharyngeal nerve has been implicated as a cause of dysphagia in horses. However, recent studies have indicated that this is not the case. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether bilateral glossopharyngeal nerve anaesthesia would cause dysphagia in horses or result in measurable alterations in the timing, function, or sequence of swallowing. METHODS: Swallowing was evaluated in 6 normal horses with and without bilateral glossopharyngeal nerve anaesthesia. Swallowing dynamics were assessed subjectively and objectively based on time from prehension of food until swallowing, number of tongue movements until initiation of swallowing, depth of bolus at the base of the tongue prior to initiation of swallow and evidence of tracheal aspiration using fluoroscopy and endoscopy. RESULTS: There was no evidence of aspiration or dysphagia in horses before or after bilateral glossopharyngeal nerve block. No observed or measured differences in swallowing sequence or function could be detected in blocked compared to unblocked horses. However, there was a trend in blocked horses for the number of tongue pushes and the time to swallowing to be increased. CONCLUSIONS: Glossopharyngeal nerve function may not be essential for normal swallowing function in otherwise healthy horses. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Clinically, normal swallowing is not an appropriate test of glossopharyngeal nerve function and dysphagic horses should not be assumed to have glossopharyngeal nerve dysfunction.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Multipotential osteosarcoma with various mesenchymal differentiations in a young dog.

Apparently synchronous, aggressive, mixed mesenchymal tumors in the right tibia, right femur, left femur, and rib cage produced multiple microscopic metastases in the lungs and macroscopic metastases in the liver, kidney, and spleen in a 1.5-year-old, neutered male, mixed-breed dog. No primary soft tissue tumor mass was present. Microscopically, the neoplasm exhibited osteosarcomatous, chondrosarcomatous, liposarcomatous, leiomyosarcomatous, fibrosarcomatous, angiosarcomatous, and leukocytic differentiation and was diagnosed as a multipotential osteosarcoma with various mesenchymal differentiation. Immunohistochemically, the neoplasm was cytoplasmically immunoreactive for vimentin, osteonectin, osteocalcin, CD 18, CD 31, desmin, and muscle-specific actin. Oil Red O staining was positive within liposarcomatous areas. Skeletal metastases from a primary bone tumor are exceedingly rare in human and veterinary medicine. However, the history, clinical signs, location, microscopic and immunohistochemical features were similar to those described in aggressive, poorly differentiated osteosarcomas of children. In addition, the wide range of mesenchymal tissue differentiation of this neoplasm was unusual, and to the authors' knowledge, an osteosarcoma with this degree of multiple differentiation has not been previously reported in the dog.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

High-intensity exercise of short duration alters bovine bone density and shape.

The ability of short-duration high-intensity exercise to stimulate bone formation in confinement was investigated using immature Holstein bull calves as a model. Eighteen bull calves, 8 wk of age, were assigned to one of three treatment groups: 1) group-housed (GR, which served as a control), 2) confined with no exercise (CF), or 3) confined with exercise (EX). The exercise protocol consisted of running 50 m on a concrete surface once daily, 5 d/wk. Confined calves remained stalled for the 42-d duration of the trial. Blood samples were taken to analyze concentrations of osteocalcin and deoxypyridinoline, markers of bone formation and resorption. At the completion of the trial, calves were humanely killed, and both forelegs were collected. The fused third and fourth metacarpal bone was scanned using computed tomography for determination of cross-sectional geometry and bone mineral density. Three-point bending tests to failure were performed on metacarpal bones. The exercise protocol resulted in the formation of a rounder bone in EX as well as in increased dorsal cortex thickness compared with those in the GR and CF. The exercised calves had a significantly smaller medullary cavity than CF and GR (P < 0.01) and a larger percentage of cortical bone area than CF (P < 0.01). Dorsal, palmar, and total bone mineral density was greater in EX than in CF (P < 0.05), and palmar and total bone mineral densities were greater (P < 0.05) in EX than in GR. There was a trend for the bones of EX to have a higher fracture force than CF (P < 0.10). Osteocalcin concentrations normalized from d 0 were higher in EX than CF (P < 0.05). Therefore, the exercise protocol altered bone shape and seemed to increase bone formation comparison with the stalled and group-housed calves.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2004

Short-duration exercise and confinement alters bone mineral content and shape in weanling horses.

The hypothesis that short-duration exercise may ameliorate the decrease in bone mass observed with confinement was investigated with 18 quarter horses (nine colts and nine fillies) weaned at 4 mo of age and placed into box stalls. After a 5-wk adjustment period, individuals were grouped by age and weight, and then divided randomly into three treatment groups: 1) group housed; 2) confined with no exercise; and 3) confined with exercise. The confined and exercised groups were housed in 3.7 m x 3.7 m box stalls for the 56-d duration of the trial. The exercised group was sprinted 82 m/d, 5 d/wk, in a fenced grass alleyway. The weanlings were led down an alleyway, turned loose in a small pen, and then released and allowed to run back down the alley. The group horses were housed together in a 992-m2 drylot with free access to exercise. On d 0, 28, and 56, dorsopalmar and lateromedial radiographs of the left third metacarpal bone were taken to estimate changes in bone mineral content and cortical widths. Mean values of medial, lateral, and total radiographic bone aluminum equivalence increased over time (P < 0.05), whereas dorsal and palmar radiographic bone aluminum equivalence did not change significantly. Dorsal, medial, and total radiographic bone aluminum equivalence tended (P = 0.09) to differ by a treatment x day interaction, with values increasing over time only in the exercised group. Normalized medial and total radiographic bone aluminum equivalence tended (P < 0.1) to differ (P < 0.01) with treatment, with exercised horses having greater bone aluminum equivalence than confined horses. Dorsopalmar cortical width in exercised horses was greater than on d 56 (treatment x day; P = 0.07). The dorsopalmar medullary cavity decreased in exercised vs. group-housed horses (P = 0.027), whereas dorsal and medial cortical width tended to increase only in the exercised horses (treatment x day; P < 0.01). This study indicated that a short-duration exercise protocol might be effective in improving bone mass and therefore skeletal strength in horses.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Daily access to pasture turnout prevents loss of mineral in the third metacarpus of Arabian weanlings.

Seventeen Arabian weanlings were used to determine the influence of housing on third metacarpal bone mass. Animals were separated into three treatment groups: Pasture (n = 6), Stall (n = 5), and Partial-Pasture (n = 6). Radiographs of the left third metacarpus were taken every 28 d to determine radiographic bone aluminum equivalence (RBAE). Serum was collected every 14 d and analyzed for osteocalcin, carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP), and keratan sulfate. Hip and wither height, BW, and cannon circumference were measured every 28 d. Lateral RBAE in the pastured group increased linearly from d 0 to d 56 (P = 0.001). In the Pasture group, total RBAE increased from d 0 to 56 (P = 0.05) and medial RBAE tended to increase from d 0 to d 28 (P = 0.06). The Partial Pasture group increased from d 0 to 56 in medial (P = 0.02) and tended to increase in total RBAE (P = 0.08). Although the Stall group demonstrated an increase in total RBAE from d 0 to 56 (P = 0.04), the Partial Pasture group tended to have greater total RBAE than the Stall group at d 28 (P = 0.08), and the Pasture group had greater lateral RBAE at d 28 (P = 0.005) and 56 (P = 0.007) than did the Stall group. At d 28, medial RBAE was greater in the Pasture (P = 0.003) and Partial Pasture (P = 0.05) groups than in the Stall group. Pasture and Stall groups tended to decrease in osteocalcin (P = 0.06), whereas Partial Pasture weanlings decreased (P = 0.01) from d 0 to 56. All treatment groups decreased from d 0 to 56 in ICTP (P < 0.01). Pastured weanlings decreased from d 0 to 42 in serum keratin sulfate (P < 0.05), whereas the Stall group decreased from d 0 to 56 (P = 0.05). All treatment groups increased in wither height (P < or = 0.01), hip height (P < or = 0.001), and BW (P < or = 0.01). Both the Pasture and Partial Pasture weanlings demonstrated greater cannon circumference than Stall weanlings on d 28 (P < or = 0.05) and 56 (P < or = 0.005). These data demonstrate that pasture rearing or 12-h daily turnout is beneficial to maintaining and increasing bone mineral content in weanling Arabian horses.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed2000

Urethral duplication in the male: review of 16 cases.

PURPOSE: Urethral duplication is a rare congenital anomaly. The clinical presentation varies because of the different anatomical patterns of this abnormality. We describe our experience with 16 male patients with this anomaly. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 16 male patients treated for urethral duplication in the last 10 years. Age at presentation ranged from newborn to 8 years. Evaluation included ultrasound, voiding cystourethrography, retrograde urethrography and endoscopy. RESULTS: A blind ending duplicated urethra (type I) was present in 4 patients, 2 independent urethras with distinct bladder necks (type IIA1) in 6, 2 urethras originating from a common bladder neck (type IIA2) in 4, and complete urethral and bladder duplication (type III) in 2. Six patients had associated vesicoureteral reflux. Duplication was an incidental finding at epispadias repair in 3 patients with bladder exstrophy, at hypospadias repair in 1 and at hydrocele repair in 1. One patient with bilateral dysplastic kidneys died in the newborn period. Surgical management included excision of the duplicated urethra in 8 cases and urethroplasty using a pedicle flap in 2, while surgical management was not required in 3. CONCLUSIONS: Urethral duplication is a rare congenital anomaly with a variable clinical presentation. This pathological condition may easily be under diagnosed, especially in patients with other associated anomalies, such as hypospadias or bladder exstrophy. Surgical management should be planned individually according to the anatomical findings of the abnormality.

Child↗
PubMed1994

CSF magnesium in affective disorder: lack of correlation with clinical course of treatment.

There has been recent renewed interest in the role of magnesium in affective disorder, particularly in the bipolar subtype. However, determinations of serum magnesium concentrations have not yielded consistent findings and little is known about cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) magnesium in these patients. We analyzed CSF magnesium levels from 173 medication-free patients with affective disorder (76 bipolar I, 54 bipolar II, and 43 unipolar) and 59 healthy volunteers. In addition, we examined CSF magnesium from 32 patients before and during carbamazepine treatment and 13 patients before and during lithium treatment. CSF magnesium levels varied significantly according to gender (with lower concentrations in women) but not with respect to age, diagnosis, mood state, or treatment with carbamazepine or lithium. An abnormality of magnesium in affective disorders, if it exists, is not readily detectable in CSF.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Consideration of anatomic and radiographic features of the caudal pouches of the femorotibial joints of horses for the purpose of arthroscopy.

Development of an arthroscopic approach to the caudal pouches of the equine stifle has been necessary because cranial approaches do not allow access to articular lesions in the caudal aspect of the joint. Therefore, the anatomy of the caudal region was examined in 52 cadaver limbs by use of gross dissection (29), x-ray-computed tomography (6), fluoroscopy (8), or arthroscopy (9). Additionally, using arthroscopic techniques developed in equine cadaver limbs, 3 stifles from 2 anesthetized horses were arthroscopically explored. Fluoroscopy was used to verify needle placement for joint injection and filling patterns of each femorotibial joint. The medial femorotibial joint sac (n = 4) held a mean +/- SD 41.67 +/- 5.77 ml of injection fluid, and the lateral femorotibial joint sac (n = 4) held a mean 61.67 +/- 2.89 ml of injection fluid. Vital structures that inadvertently could be damaged during arthroscopy of the caudal pouches of the stifle included the peroneal nerve (located approx 7 cm caudal to the lateral collateral ligament), the popliteal artery and vein (situated directly between the medial and lateral femoral condyles), and the lateral femoral condyle (most often traumatized during arthroscopy). The tendon of the popliteus muscle, which is contiguous with the joint capsule of the caudal pouch of the lateral femorotibial joint, made arthroscopic exploration of this pouch particularly difficult.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Intradural spinal cord tumor presenting as a subarachnoid hemorrhage: magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis.

Negative findings on four-vessel angiography after a subarachnoid hemorrhage are seen in 5 to 30% of patients. A previously silent lesion in the spinal canal may be responsible for the ictus in a small percentage of this group. The etiological factors include tumors and arteriovenous malformations; however, investigations of such lesions have been limited to patients with signs and symptoms of spinal cord or nerve root pathological processes. This report describes the management of a 56-year-old woman with clinical findings typical of an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and negative findings on cerebral angiography, in whom magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium enhancement revealed an intradural extramedullary cervical schwannoma. For this reason, cervicothoracic magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium enhancement should be considered as an adjunctive scanning examination in all patients with a subarachnoid hemorrhage and negative findings on angiography.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1988

Differential facial responses to four basic tastes in newborns.

The distinctiveness and recognizability of taste-elicited facial expressions in newborns were examined in 2 studies. Sucrose, sodium chloride, citric acid, and quinine hydrochloride solutions were presented to 12 infants at 2 hours of age. In Study 1, the anatomically based Facial Action Coding System adapted for infants (Baby FACS) was used to obtain detailed, objective descriptions of the infants' videotaped facial responses to each solution. Facial responses to sucrose were characterized primarily by facial relaxation and sucking. The responses to salty, sour, and bitter solutions shared the same hedonically negative upper- and midface components but differed in the accompanying lower-face actions: lip pursing in response to sour and mouth gaping in response to bitter. There was no distinctive facial expression for sodium chloride. These findings demonstrate that newborns differentiate sour and bitter from each other and from salt, as well as discriminating sweet versus nonsweet tastes. In Study 2, untrained adults viewing videotapes of the infants' facial reactions made forced-choice judgments identifying the stimuli presented and rated the hedonic tone of the infants' responses. While the judges accurately identified the newborns' responses to sucrose, there were systematic errors in their judgments of the 3 nonsweet stimuli. The judges' hedonic ratings, on the other hand, clearly differentiated between the infants' responses to the bitter stimulus and the other 3 tastes. The findings are discussed in terms of the possible functional origins and communicative value of taste-elicited facial expressions in infants.

Discrimination Learning↗
PubMed1987

The neuropsychiatric effects of treatment with interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To study the neuropsychiatric manifestations of therapy with interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells. DESIGN: Longitudinal survey of consecutive patients who were given the treatment. Each patient was initially interviewed within 5 days before treatment, and a personal and family psychiatric history was obtained during this first session. Cognitive tests and mood self-rating instruments were administered at the beginning and end of interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cell treatments, before discharge, and at a follow-up visit 2 to 4 weeks after discharge. SETTING: National Cancer Institute inpatient units at the National Institutes of Health. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Sequential samples of 44 patients with metastatic cancer (age range, 28 to 69 years) who were treated systemically with recombinant interleukin-2 combined with autologous lymphokine-activated killer cells between 30 December 1985 and 31 March 1986. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of the 44 patients studied, 15 developed severe behavioral changes that necessitated acute intervention, and 22 patients had severe cognitive changes (all 22 became disoriented and many also had psychometric evidence of cognitive deterioration). The neuropsychiatric side effects were dose and time related, appearing more frequently at the higher dose and almost uniformly at the end of each treatment phase. All 39 patients who were seen at follow-up had a return to their baseline cognitive scores. None of the factors investigated was found to be predictive of the development of neuropsychiatric toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: The development of clinically significant neuropsychiatric changes during the administration of interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells was common and may be treatment limiting. A marked latency in the appearance of neuropsychiatric changes after treatment onset was noted in almost all patients. Every patient studied recovered from the neuropsychiatric side effects.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The medial saphenous fasciocutaneous free flap in dogs.

The purpose of this study was to identify the angiosome of the medial saphenous artery and vein and to evaluate the use of this cutaneous angiosome as a free skin flap in the dog. In phase 1 of this study, selective angiography of the medial saphenous artery performed in six canine cadavers showed that the skin covering the entire medial femorotibial area, the distal half of the caudal head of the sartorius muscle, and the gracilis muscle were perfused by the medial saphenous artery. In phase 2, a medial saphenous fasciocutaneous island flap was raised and sutured back to the skin edges of the donor wound in three dogs. One hundred percent survival of all of the flaps occurred. In phase 3, a medial saphenous fasciocutaneous microvascular free flap was transferred to a wound that was created over the dorsal metacarpal (n = 3) or metatarsal region (n = 3). The mean length +/- SD of the medial saphenous vascular pedicle was 80 +/- 13 mm (n = 5); the mean diameter +/- SD of the medial saphenous artery was 2.8 +/- 0.2 mm (n = 5) and the mean diameter +/- SD of the medial saphenous vein was 4.2 +/- 0.2 mm (n = 5). One hundred percent of all flaps survived (n = 6). Selective angiography or the distal cranial tibial artery (metatarsal wounds, n = 3) and the median artery (metacarpal wound, n = 3) was performed 3 weeks after surgery. All of the vascular anastomoses were patent and neovascularization of the wound beds was present. This free flap was found to be acceptable for cosmetic reconstruction of wounds located on the distal extremity.

Animals↗