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Biomedical subjects

D Rush

Publications and source records attributed to D Rush.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The effects of dietary supplementation during pregnancy on placental morphology, pathology, and histomorphometry.

We related the macroscopic and microscopic morphology and the histomorphometry of the placenta to prenatal nutritional supplementation. In the Prenatal Project, a controlled clinical trial, three dietary treatments (supplement, a high-protein beverage; complement, a balanced protein-calorie beverage, or routine vitamin and mineral tablets) were randomly allocated to poor Black pregnant women, and the outcome was assessed. Herein we report the effects on placental morphology and histomorphometry. There were significantly fewer preterm deliveries in the complement group, and this was reflected by an increase in the size of decidual cells, an index associated with placental aging. Several other characteristics of the placentas of the complement group may have been more directly associated with improved perinatal outcome: decreased intervillous fibrin, lower incidence of gross surface infarct, and smaller (and presumably less edematous) cells of the villous stroma, may have mediated increased placental perfusion. There was no evidence of any placental change associated with the increase in very preterm delivery and the highly significant depressed birth weight among preterm deliveries in the supplement group. The significantly lower incidence of meconium staining of Wharton's jelly among controls seems likely to have been a chance finding. While there were several other indices that reflected placental aging, the significantly increased chorioamnionitis, acute funisitis , and acute decidual inflammation among placentas of those who delivered prematurely [the former two associated with very early delivery (less than 35 wk gestation)] were likely to have been involved as causes of premature delivery.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1983

Newborn neurologic maturity relates more strongly to concurrent somatic development than gestational age.

The nineteen-item assessment of newborn neurologic maturity developed by Koenigsberger was applied to 682 infants born to women enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of nutritional supplementation in a poor, urban, black, clinic population. The total score of the neurologic scale, four clusters of items derived from principal component factor analysis followed by a varimax rotation, and the four clusters taken simultaneously (using Cohen's method of set correlation) were related to the conceptional age, weight, length, and head circumference of the infants. Taken in any of these ways, neurologic maturity was more strongly related to somatic development than to conceptional age. Although these results are consistent with a set pattern and order of neurologic development, they are incompatible with such a pattern following a rigid and universal time scale. Rather, at all stages of conceptional age, there appears to be a range of neurologic maturity, related more strongly to concurrent somatic development than to the child's conceptional age.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1983

Relationship of cigarette smoking and social class to birth weight and perinatal mortality among all births in Britain, 5-11 April 1970.

The joint associations of maternal cigarette smoking and social class on perinatal outcome were studied in the 1970 British birth cohort (British Births). Whereas smoking was much more frequent among women in social classes III, IV, and V, there was little difference in the birthweight decrement associated with smoking across class. Perinatal mortality, however, was increased only among smokers in the manual social classes. Thus whereas the offspring of more privileged smokers were not protected from intrauterine growth retardation, they did not suffer from increased perinatal mortality. Observations of other populations suggest a possible nutritional mediation of this protective effect.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1982

Effects of prenatal nutritional supplementation on the placenta: report of a randomized controlled trial.

Protein and nucleic acid content, and RNase levels were measured in placentas collected at birth in a randomized controlled trial of prenatal nutritional supplementation in New York City. These biochemical indices were explored to understand better the effects of nutritional supplementation. (With high-protein supplements, gross measures had shown no improvement in outcome at birth and adverse effects on fetal growth, prematurity, and newborn survival; with balanced protein-calorie supplements, there was a nonsignificant rise in birth weight and longer gestation.) The biochemical indices were in general somewhat weakly related to fetal growth measures. Significant effects of nutritional treatment on the indices were minimal, and added no information that could account for gross effects observed in the fetus.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1982

Hypomagnesemia.

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Humans↗
PubMed1982

Hypophosphatemia.

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Cardiovascular System↗
PubMed1981

Nutritional services during pregnancy and birthweight: a retrospective matched pair analysis.

Since 1963, unselected prenatal patients at the Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, have been given nutritional counselling and, if it was judged necessary, dietary supplementation by the Montreal Diet Dispensary. From uniform data collected for all obstetric patients in 1963--74, 1213 recipients of the dispensary services (89.7% of those available and eligible for matching) were paired with controls matched for date of delivery (within 12 months), religious affiliation, parity, trimester of pregnancy during which prenatal care was begun and weight at the time of conception. The proportion of infants of low birthweight (less than 2500 g) was 5.7% for the recipients and 6.8% for the controls; the difference was not significant, but the recipients' infants were heavier at birth than the controls' infants, by an average of 40 g (P less than 0.05). The difference in birthweight was greatest for the infants of women in their first pregnancy (average 61 g) and least for the infants of women with three or more past deliveries (average 9 g). Increased birthweight (by an average of 53 g, P less than 0.02) among the recipients' infants was limited to those born to women weighing less than 140 lb (63 kg) at the time of conception; among the heavier women the controls had infants who were heavier, but not significantly so. Differences between the groups in duration of gestation and maternal weight gain accounted for only a small part of these differences in birthweight. This study provides evidence that the Montreal Diet Dispensary program significantly increased birthweight. Further efforts must now be directed towards judging the long-term benefit of these changes.

Birth Weight↗