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Biomedical subjects

D S Bruyette

Publications and source records attributed to D S Bruyette.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Use of carboplatin for treatment of dogs with malignant melanoma: 27 cases (1989-2000).

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate response rate and duration of malignant melanomas in dogs treated with carboplatin. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 27 client-owned dogs with spontaneously occurring measurable malignant melanomas. PROCEDURE: Records of dogs with melanomas treated with carboplatin from October 1989 to June 2000 were reviewed. Carboplatin was administered IV at doses of 300 or 350 mg/m2 of body surface area. Response to treatment and evidence of drug toxicity were determined. RESULT: Response to treatment could be evaluated in 25 dogs. Of those, overall response rate was 28%. One dog had a complete response, 6 (24%) dogs had a partial response (> 50% reduction in tumor burden). Median duration of partial response was 165 days. Eighteen dogs had stable disease (n = 9; 36%) or progressive disease (9; 36%). Response to treatment was significantly associated with carboplatin dose on a milligram per kilogram basis (15.1 mg/kg 16.9 mg/lb] of body weight vs 12.6 mg/kg [5.7 mg/lb]). Evidence of gastrointestinal toxicosis could be assessed in 27 dogs. Mean body weight of 5 dogs that developed gastrointestinal toxicosis was significantly less than that of 22 dogs without gastrointestinal toxicosis (9.9 kg [21.8 lb] vs 19.3 kg [42.5 lb]). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Carboplatin had activity against macroscopic spontaneously occurring malignant melanomas in dogs and should be considered as an adjunctive treatment for microscopic local or metastatic tumors. Gastrointestinal toxicosis was associated with body weight. Because small dogs are more likely to have adverse gastrointestinal effects, gastrointestinal protectants should be considered for these patients.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Feline endocrinology update.

This article highlights the advances in feline endocrinology, excluding diabetes mellitus and hyperadrenocorticism, which have recently been reviewed elsewhere. The goal will be to provide clinically relevant information regarding pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment options for these feline endocrine disorders.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed2001

Thyroid function testing in Greyhounds.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate thyroid function in healthy Greyhounds, compared with healthy non-Greyhound pet dogs, and to establish appropriate reference range values for Greyhounds. ANIMALS: 98 clinically normal Greyhounds and 19 clinically normal non-Greyhounds. PROCEDURES: Greyhounds were in 2 groups as follows: those receiving testosterone for estrus suppression (T-group Greyhounds) and those not receiving estrus suppressive medication (NT-group Greyhounds). Serum thyroxine (T4) and free thyroxine (fT4) concentrations were determined before and after administration of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH). Basal serum canine thyroid stimulating hormone (cTSH) concentrations were determined on available stored sera. RESULTS: Basal serum T4 and fT4 concentrations were significantly lower in Greyhounds than in non-Greyhounds. Serum T4 concentrations after TSH and TRH administration were significantly lower in Greyhounds than in non-Greyhounds. Serum fT4 concentrations after TSH and TRH administration were significantly lower in NT-group than T-group Greyhounds and non-Greyhounds. Mean cTSH concentrations were not different between Greyhounds and non-Greyhounds. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Previously established canine reference range values for basal serum T4 and fT4 may not be appropriate for use in Greyhounds. Greyhound-specific reference range values for basal serum T4 and fT4 concentrations should be applied when evaluating thyroid function in Greyhounds. Basal cTSH concentrations in Greyhounds are similar to non-Greyhound pet dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Treatment with L-deprenyl prolongs life in elderly dogs.

Eighty two beagle dogs ranging in age from 2.8 to 16.4 years and in weight from 6.3 to 15.8 kg were allotted to 41 pairs and administered placebo or 1 mg/kg L-deprenyl orally once daily for 2 years and 10 weeks. When survivorship for all dogs in the study was analyzed there was no significant difference between the L-deprenyl and placebo treated groups, most likely due to the (expected) survival of virtually all young dogs in both groups for the duration of the study. To assess whether L-deprenyl treatment begun in later life might enhance canine longevity in a fashion similar to that documented in rodents we also examined survival in a subset of elderly dogs who were between the ages of 10 and 15 yrs at the start of tablet administration and who received tablets for at least 6 months. In this subset, dogs in the L-deprenyl group survived longer (p < 0.05) than dogs in the placebo group. Twelve of 15 (80%) dogs in the L-deprenyl group survived to the conclusion of the study, in contrast to only 7 of 18 (39%) of the dogs who received placebo (P=0.017). Furthermore, by the time the first L-deprenyl treated dog died on day 427, 5 placebo treated dogs had already succumbed, the first on day 295. Specifically with respect to dogs, the findings reported herein suggest daily oral administration of 1 mg/kg L-deprenyl prolongs life when begun in relatively healthy dogs 10-15 years of age and maintained for the duration of the individual's life, but in any event for no less than six months.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1997

Management of canine pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism with l-deprenyl (Anipryl).

In this chapter we have discussed the pathogenesis of canine PDH focusing on its relationship to aging, dopamine deficiency, and neurodegenerative disease. We have outlined the successful management of canine PDH patients with l-deprenyl, a selective MAO-B inhibitor. Treatment with l-deprenyl results in clinical and endocrinologic improvement (partial to complete) in approximately 83% of dogs, with improvement noted within the first 1 to 2 months of therapy. The safety profile of l-deprenyl is excellent, especially in light of the fact that the majority of patients are elderly. l-Deprenyl is a safe and effective first-line therapy for the medical management of uncomplicated cases of canine PDH.

Adrenal Cortex Diseases↗
PubMed1997

Diabetic ketoacidosis.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a complex and potentially fatal metabolic disorder in patients with diabetes mellitus. An understanding of the pathophysiology of DKA is essential in order to optimize patient management. A combination of insulin deficiency, increased stress hormone levels, and volume depletion account for the laboratory abnormalities and clinical signs observed in these patients. Successful therapy depends upon correction of hyperglycemia, dehydration, and electrolyte and blood gas abnormalities.

Bicarbonates↗
PubMed1994

Development of an experimental model of hypothyroidism in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus).

Hypothyroidism is a possible predisposing factor in a number of disorders of companion psittacine birds. We developed and validated a thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) response testing protocol for cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus), using 0.1 IU of TSH/bird given IM, with blood sample collection at 0 and 6 hours after TSH, and a commercial radioimmunoassay for thyroxine (T4). This protocol was used to document a seasonal sex difference in stimulated T4 values--females responded with higher T4 values than those in males in summer--and a stress-induced depression of baseline T4 values was detected in a group of cockatiels with normal TSH response. An experimental model for mature-onset hypothyroidism in cockatiels was created by radiothyroidectomizing cockatiels with 3.7 MBq (100 microCi) of 131I/bird given IV. Induction of the hypothyroid state was confirmed by baseline T4 concentration, TSH response test results, thyroid pertechnetate scintigraphy, and gross and microscopic examinations. Classical signs of hypothyroidism (eg, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, poor feathering) were lacking or mild at 48 days after thyroid ablation.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Severe gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage in three dogs with hypoadrenocorticism.

Three dogs with gastrointestinal tract bleeding of sufficient severity to necessitate blood transfusion were determined to have hypoadrenocorticism on the basis of adrenocortical response to exogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone. All dogs survived the acute crisis and are being managed with fludrocortisone acetate. Hypoadrenocorticism should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute severe gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage.

Adrenal Insufficiency↗
PubMed1990

Plasma cortisol response to ketoconazole administration in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism.

The effect of orally administered ketoconazole on plasma cortisol concentration in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism was evaluated. Every 30 minutes from 0800 hours through 1600 hours and again at 1800 hours, 2000 hours, and 0800 hours the following morning, 15 clinically normal dogs and 49 dogs with hyperadrenocorticism had plasma samples obtained and analyzed for cortisol concentration. The mean (+/- SD) plasma cortisol concentration for the initial 8-hour testing period was highest in 18 dogs with adrenocortical tumor (5.3 +/- 1.6 micrograms/dl), lowest in 15 control dogs (1.3 +/- 0.5 micrograms/dl), and intermediate in 31 dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH; 3.4 +/- 1.2 micrograms/dl). Results in each of the 2 groups of dogs with hyperadrenocorticism were significantly (P less than 0.05) different from results in control dogs, but not from each other. The same cortisol secretory experiment was performed, using 8 dogs with hyperadrenocorticism (5 with PDH; 3 with adrenocortical tumor) before and after administration at 0800 hours of 15 mg of ketoconazole/kg of body weight. Significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in the 8-hour mean plasma cortisol concentration (0.9 +/- 0.2 microgram/dl) was observed, with return to baseline plasma cortisol concentration 24 hours later. Twenty dogs with hyperadrenocorticism (11 with PDH, 9 with adrenocortical tumor) were treated with ketoconazole at a dosage of 15 mg/kg given every 12 hours for a half month to 12 months. The disease in 2 dogs with PDH failed to respond to treatment, but 18 dogs had complete resolution of clinical signs of hyperadrenocorticism and significant (P less than 0.05) reduction in plasma cortisol responsiveness to exogenous adrenocorticotropin (ACTH).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenoma↗
PubMed1988

Free jejunal segment for treatment of cervical esophageal stricture in a dog.

A 2-year-old female Chinese Shar Pei was admitted with a 20-cm cervical esophageal stricture that was untreatable by conventional medical and surgical methods. A free jejunal segment was used to replace the strictured portion of the esophagus. Twenty-one months after surgery, the dog was able to eat liquefied canned dog food with minimal regurgitation and was maintaining normal body weight. Free jejunal transfer offers a treatment method for otherwise fatal esophageal lesions that are not responsive to conventional methods of medical and surgical treatment.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiovascular effects of 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 minimum alveolar concentrations of isoflurane in experimentally induced hypothyroidism in dogs.

This study was performed to determine the cardiovascular responses to isoflurane in euthyroid and hypothyroid dogs. Four healthy mixed-breed dogs were studied prior to thyroidectomy (PRE), 6 months after thyroidectomy (HYP), and after 2 months of oral supplementation with 1-thyroxine (SUP). Heart rate (HR), cardiac output (Q), stroke volume (SV), systolic, diastolic, mean arterial blood pressure (SAP, DAP, MAP), and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were determined in awake dogs and in the same dogs when end-tidal isoflurane concentration were 1.28%, 1.92%, and 2.56%. Ventilation was controlled in anesthetized dogs and PACO2 maintained between 38 to 42 mm Hg. Isoflurane caused significant (P < .05) dose-dependent reduction in Q, SV, SAP, DAP, and MAP in the PRE, HYP, and SUP dogs. Cardiac output was lower in the HYP dogs than in the PRE or SUP dogs during awake measurement. TPR was increased in the awake HYP dogs compared with the PRE or SUP dogs. During anesthesia, HYP dogs tended to have lower Q, SV, SAP, and MAP PRE or SUP groups, but the only significant reduction was SAP during 1.5 MAC. The cardiovascular responses to isoflurane in hypothyroid dogs are similar to euthyroid animals with a dose-dependent depression in Q, SV, and arterial pressure.

Anesthetics, Inhalation↗