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Biomedical subjects

D S Campion

Publications and source records attributed to D S Campion.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Modified in situ decompression of the ulnar nerve at the elbow.

Controversy continues to surround the treatment of ulnar nerve compression at the elbow in the cubital tunnel. By performing extensive segmental electrodiagnostic studies of the ulnar nerve through the cubital tunnel, accuracy of diagnosis is improved. In those patients with documented compression where the ulnar nerve enters the flexor carpi radialis, decompression of this area alone yields excellent results with rapid recovery.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

Serum pyruvate-kinase (PK) and creatine-phosphokinase (CPK) in female relatives and patients with X-linked muscular dystrophies (Duchenne and Becker).

Determination of serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity is often used in efforts to detect carriers of X-linked muscular dystrophies. We have recently demonstrated that another serum enzyme, pyruvate-kinase (PK) may also be of use in the diagnosis of patients affected with a variety of neuromuscular disorders. To evaluate the usefulness of this assay for carrier detection, a comparative study of serum PK and CPK activity was performed in 74 female relatives of patients affected with Duchenne (DMD) and Becker (BMD) muscular dystrophies. For obligate carriers of the DMD gene, 10 of 14 had elevated CPK's, 11 of 14 had elevated PK's and 12 of 14 had abnormal results for either of the two enzymes. Three of 16 mothers of isolated cases had increased serum CPK activity and 6 of 16 had increased PK activity (7 had elevation of at least one enzyme). These preliminary data suggest that the use of PK may enhance the capability to discriminate carriers for these X-linked recessive genes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Subclinical effects of chronic increased lead absorption--a prospective study. III. Neurologic findings at follow-up examination.

Neurologic examination, nerve conduction testing and electro-oculographic testing have been performed at a baseline examination and a follow-up examination in a group of lead workers with blood lead levels predominantly between 60 and 80 micrograms/dl and in a group of control workers. A statistically significant decreased saccade accuracy measurement in the lead workers compared to the controls was found at both examinations. No other simple test or pattern of findings differentiated between the lead workers and the controls, and the biological significance of the lower saccade accuracy is not clear. Nerve conduction measurements do not appear to be a satisfactory method of detecting subclinical neurologic effects of lead exposure.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Torque-velocity relationships and muscle fiber composition in elite female athletes.

The relationship between the predominance of fast and slow muscle fibers of the vastus lateralis and "in vivo" torque velocity properties in 22 female athletes was studied. Fiber types were classified according to the histochemical myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase technique at a basic pH. Maximal extensor troques were recorded at 30 degrees from full extension at four selected velocities. While results confirm earlier reports on muscle fiber type and performance, an additional finding was that as knee extension velocities increased from 0 to 95 degrees/s angle specific extensor torque production did not decline as seen in in vitro muscle preparations. The difference in extensor torque between 0 and 96 degrees/s appeared far more critical than the differences observed between 96 and 288 degrees/s. Significant differences in torque were seen at 96, 192, and 288 degrees/s in thos with greater than 50% and less than 50% slow-twitch fibers. When expressed per kilogram of body weight the subjects with greater than 50% fast-twitch fiber produced the greatest torque at 192 degrees/s. These results suggest that the velocity at which torque begins to decline in vivo is related to the proportion of slow-twitch fibers in the vastus lateralismuscle.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Subclinical effects of chronic increased lead absorption--a prospective study. II. Results of baseline neurologic testing.

This report summarizes the results of baseline neurologic testing in a group of apparently healthy workers from a secondary lead smelter and a group of controls from nearby aluminum processing plants. The test battery included a standard neurologic examination nerve conduction measurements, quantitative oculomotor function tests and detailed audiologic studies. Lead workers and controls were intermixed so that the examiners were unaware of the status of any individual being tested. Although the lead workers reported significantly more neurologic symptoms than the controls, relatively few differences were found on quantitative neurologic testing. Decreased deep tendon reflexes occured more frequently in the lead workers than in the controls (22% vs. 11%) but the difference was of borderline significance (p=0.06) and other signs of peripheral neuropathy occurred with equal frequency in both groups. The mean motor conduction velocity and sensory latency measurements were not significantly different in the lead workers and in the controls and, of the six oculomotor function measurements, only the mean accuracy of saccadic eye movements was significantly (p less than 0.01) different in the two groups. High frequency hearing loss occurred with equal frequency and severity in both groups, consistent with the level of noise exposure in the lead and control plants.

Absorption↗
PubMed1979

Subclinical effects of chronic increased lead absorption--a prospective study. I. Study design and analysis of symptoms.

Seventy workers exposed to lead for at least one year and 35 control workers have been enrolled in a prospective study of possible neurologic effects of chronic lead absorption at or below the current standard of 80 microgram per 100 ml whole blood. The study design is described in detail. Initial results of analysis of lead-related symptoms from baseline studies indicate few differences between the exposed and nonexposed workers. The majority of differences were for central nervous system (CNS) symptoms and muscle or joint pain. Little correlation was found between symptom reporting and indices of lead absorption. The evidence suggests that factors other than lead absorption itself may be important in symptom reporting.

Absorption↗
PubMed1978

Serum pyruvate-kinase (PK) and creatine-phosphokinase (CPK) in progressive muscular dystrophies.

PK and CPK have been determined in the serum from 208 individuals including 70 normal controls (61 adults and 9 children) and 138 patients with a variety of neuromuscular disorders. In adult controls the mean activity (+/- SE) for PK is 1.2 +/- 0.05 mumol/ml/h. In normal children PK activity was about twice as high as in normal adults and decreases with increasing age. In 26 patients with Duchenne dystrophy the range of serum PK was 4.0-150.4 and in 17 individuals with the Becker type, 3.0 to 148.7. All had elevated PK and CPK levels. Eighteen of 20 patients with the facio-scapulo-humeral (FSH) from of muscular dystrophy had increased PK while only 9 had elevated CPK. Regression analyses have shown an inverse correlation between PK levels and age (or degree of disability in DMD). Kinetic and electrophoretic studies indicate that the PK isozyme found in the serum from affected patients and from heterozygotes for the DMD gene is mainly the M1 type PK, which is the only PK isozyme found in skeletal muscle and brain and the major component from myocardium.

Adolescent↗