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Biomedical subjects

D S Ellis

Publications and source records attributed to D S Ellis.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Toga virus-like particles in acute liver failure attributed to sporadic non-A, non-B hepatitis and recurrence after liver transplantation.

Toga virus-like particles (typically 60-70 nm: enveloped with small surface spikes) were detected in the native hepatectomy specimens in 7 of 18 patients grafted for acute liver failure attributed to sporadic non-A, non-B hepatitis and in 2 patients grafted for fulminant hepatitis attributed to anti-epileptic drug hepatotoxicity. These particles were not detected in the hepatectomies from 12 other patients grafted for other causes of acute liver failure, 12 for various chronic liver diseases, and 2 histologically normal livers. Acute hepatic failure, characterized histologically by severe haemorrhagic necrosis, developed 7 days after grafting in 5 patients, all in the non-A, non-B group with toga virus-like particles in native liver. Similar virus-like particles were detected in all grafts and were in greater abundance than in the native livers. The agent may be novel because pre- and post-grafting sera were negative for antibodies against representative panels of arboviruses and in first and second generation antibody tests for hepatitis C virus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Treatment of intestinal microsporidiosis with albendazole in patients with AIDS.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical and parasitological response to treatment of intestinal microsporidiosis with albendazole. DESIGN: Open prospective study. SETTING: Hospital-based HIV/genito-urinary medicine unit. PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS: Six consecutive AIDS patients with small intestinal microsporidiosis as the only identified cause of diarrhoea after intensive gastrointestinal investigations. RESULTS: Diarrhoea resolved completely in all patients within 1 week of starting treatment, and body weight stabilized or increased. Four patients who relapsed at 19-31 days after the cessation of treatment responded to a second course of albendazole. Degenerative changes occurred in the parasites after treatment, which had not been seen either in pre-treatment biopsies or, in four patients, following therapy with other drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Albenazole is a useful palliative treatment for microsporidial diarrhoea.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Temporoparietal fascial flap for orbital and eyelid reconstruction.

The temporoparietal fascial flap is a recognized technique for the transfer of vascularized tissue in the craniofacial region. The flap has a predictable axial vessel, provides thin vascularized tissue, and can be harvested with minimal donor-site morbidity. The temporoparietal fascial flap is well suited for orbital or eyelid reconstruction because of its proximity to the orbit. The flap is useful for reconstruction of anatomic barriers between the orbit, intracranial cavity, and paranasal sinus spaces. We present four patients in whom the temporoparietal fascial flap was used for orbital reconstruction following extirpative surgery for orbital neoplasm and two patients in whom the flap was used for lower eyelid and malar reconstruction.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Three dimensional imaging and computer-designed prostheses in the evaluation and management of orbitocranial deformities.

Three dimensional images reconstructed from two dimensional CT scans allow improved analysis of complex orbitocranial bony deformities. This evaluation may be useful in patients with defects resulting from trauma, tumor, congenital abnormalities, or developmental disorders. Diagnosis, surgical management, and long-term follow-up evaluation may be aided by improved understanding of bony contour and volume analysis. Computer designed prostheses can be fabricated to precisely match bony defects and may be used as an alloplastic implant or as a model to aid intraoperative contouring of an autogenous bone graft. The limitations of three dimensional imaging include artifacts in the reconstructed images, increased radiation exposure, and increased cost. The technology is still evolving and the indications and benefits remain undefined at the present time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Orbital exenteration. The reconstructive ladder.

Following orbital exenteration, there is a spectrum of immediate and delayed options for orbital reconstruction. Goals of reconstruction after exenteration include detection of recurrent disease, restoration of boundaries between the orbit and surrounding structures, and optimal aesthetics. Local solutions to problems of the exenterated orbit, such as healing by granulation or application of split-thickness skin grafts, are advantageous for detecting recurrent disease. Regional solutions, involving transfer of periorbital tissue into the orbit, may mask recurrent disease and create adjacent deformity; however, these solutions can be used to restore orbital boundaries and shallow the orbital cavity. Distant solutions, such as skin-muscle flaps and free tissue grafts, allow for facial reconstruction in patients with extensive orbital and periorbital defects.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1991

A micro system for rigid bony fixation in orbital surgery.

Plates and screws are effective for rigid internal fixation of bone fractures and osteotomies in the midface, orbit, and cranium. We describe our experience with the Luhr Micro System. This is the newest generation of Luhr Systems and is the smallest system available for rigid internal fixation. The self-tapping screws are 0.8 mm in diameter, with lengths of 2-8 mm. The plates have an extremely flat profile. We have used the Micro System for closure of elective osteotomies following resection of orbital neoplasm, bony orbital reconstruction, and repair of congenital craniofacial deformities. Because the orbital bones have minimal functional stress, the Micro System provides adequate support. The plates are not apparent through the thin periorbital skin. For bony fixation in the periorbital region, the Micro System appears superior to larger systems and to wire or nonabsorbable sutures.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Histological diagnosis of intestinal microsporidiosis in patients with AIDS.

Fifty nine patients seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and diarrhoea and 20 with weight loss were investigated for microsporidiosis using light and electron microscopical examination of duodenal and jejunal biopsy specimens. Eight cases of microsporidiosis were found, in five of whom it was the sole pathogen. In all eight cases the organism was identified at light microscopy without prior knowledge of the electron microscopical findings. All stages of the life cycle are best seen in resin sections cut at 1 micron and stained with Giemsa, but spores could easily be identified in paraffin sections cut at 5 microns and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. In all cases the parasite was identified both in duodenal pinch and jejunal "Crosby" capsule biopsy specimens. All cases of microsporidiosis occurred in patients with diarrhoea. Both electron and light microscopical examination suggested that the pathogenic mechanism involves the shedding of infected enterocytes containing large numbers of spores. It is suggested that the optimal way to diagnose microsporidiosis is by light microscopical examination of duodenal pinch biopsy specimens.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1979

Ebola and Marburg viruses: I. Some ultrastructural differences between strains when grown in Vero cells.

A strain of Marburg virus and two strains of Ebola virus grown in Vero cells were compared by electron microscopy. The outer coat of the Marburg virion appeared to be more resistant to erosion by negative staining techniques than that of the Epbola strains. Marburg virus commonly produced "torus" forms and short filaments; the Zaire strain of Ebola produced extensive branched forms and very long filaments; the Sudan strain of Ebola produced shorter, less branched structures but very many aberrant forms. The mechanism for the production of these aberrant forms is described.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Ebola and Marburg viruses: II. Thier development within Vero cells and the extra-cellular formation of branched and torus forms.

The development of Marburg virus and the Sudanese and Zaire strains of Ebola virus in Vero cells as visualized by electron microscopy is described. Despite differences in timing, all three strains appear to pass through identical stages of development. Initially there is a large increase in nucleolus material, and viral precursor material arranges itself in spirals and then into tubes. The cells fill with core material, which passes to the plasmalemma, which often proliferates. Each virion passes through the plasmalemma, acquiring a coat of host material. The formation of torus forms is discussed; the branched appearance that is often seen is believed to be an aberrant form. The reasons for this view are put forward.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Rift Valley fever virus: some ultrastructural observations on material from the outbreak in Egypt 1977.

Rift Valley fever virus isolates from the 1977 outbreak in Egypt were studied at an ultrastructural level. The particles measured 90 to 110 nm in diam. using negative staining and sectioning techniques, with a core component of 80 to 85 nm. The surface of the virions was calculated to be covered by approx. 160 sub-units. The particles were found in smooth endoplasmic reticular systems, which were made up of either multi-tubular complexes, or of a single large vacuole. The majority of these membrane systems were found to be unassociated with Golgi apparatus. Inclusion bodies were found within the host cell nuclei (made up of rods and fine granules) and in the cytoplasm (aggregates of fine or coarse granules). The possible relationship of these structures to virus replication is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Ultrastructural studies of certain aspects of the development of Trypanosoma congolense in Glossina morsitans morsitans.

The course of Trypanosoma congolense infections in Glossina morsitans morsitans was followed by electron-microscopic examination of ultrathin sections of the guts and proboscises of infected flies. Guts dissected from flies 7 days after infection with culture procyclic forms of T. congolense had heavy trypanosome infections in the midgut involving both the endo- and ectoperitrophic spaces. Trypanosomes were also seen in the process of penetrating the fully formed peritrophic membrane in the central region of the midgut. By post infection day 21, trypanosomes had reached the proboscis of the fly and were found as clumps of epimastigote forms attached to the labrum by hemidesmosomes between their flagella and the chitinous lining of the food canal. Desmosome connections were observed between the flagella of adjacent epimastigotes. Flies examined at postinfection days 28 and 42 had, in addition to the attached forms in the labrum, free forms in the hypopharynx.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Intrauterine development of the microfilariae of Dipetalonema viteae.

The egg shell of Dipetalonema viteae separated from the oolemma and became highly convoluted at an early stage of development. No second oolemma or trilaminate membrane was seen. Channels containing electron dense material (thought to be nutrient material from the uterine wall) were formed between adjacent embryos. Many developing embryos died. Microvilli were formed by the uterine wall and developing embryos were closely apposed to these (again presumably to obtain nutrient). Embryos emerged from the egg in the uterus and were born as unsheathed microfilariae.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Ultrastructure of Ebola virus particles in human liver.

Electron microscopy of tissues from two necropsies carried out in the Sudan on patients with Ebola virus infection identified virus particles in lung and spleen, but the main concentrations of Ebola particles were seen in liver sections. Viral precursor proteins and cores were found in functional liver cells, often aligned in membrane-bound aggregations. Complete virions, usually found only extracellularly, were mainly seen as long tubular forms, some without cores. Many tubular forms had 'enlarged heads' or 'spores' and some branched and torus forms were identified. The size and structure of the Ebola virus forms appear to be virtually indistinguishable from those of Marburg virus.

Female↗