PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D S Garbuz

Publications and source records attributed to D S Garbuz.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Clinical and radiographic assessment of the young adult with symptomatic hip dysplasia.

Acetabular dysplasia is a major precursor of osteoarthritis of the hip. It is important to identify patients before the development of osteoarthritis, because these patients may be candidates for joint-preserving surgery, such as pelvic osteotomy. Patients with hip dysplasia, and no osteoarthritis, present with unique findings on history and physical examination. On history, patients should be questioned for symptoms unique to dysplasia, such as locking, snapping, and feelings of instability. Physical examination should look for signs of labral disease, by using the impingement test. Patients suspected of having symptomatic dysplasia should have plain radiographs, including an anteroposterior radiograph of the pelvis taken with the patient standing, a false profile view, and an abduction view of the hip. The anteroposterior radiograph of the pelvis and false profile view will help to quantify the degree of the dysplasia. The abduction view is important in determining the patient's eligibility for joint-preserving hip surgery. Computed tomography scanning and magnetic resonance imaging are reserved for patients who are operative candidates. Computed tomography scanning can aid in the planning of complex pelvic osteotomies. Magnetic resonance imaging especially is useful for delineating labral disease. It is this combination of history, physical examination, and radiographic workup that will allow successful treatment of the dysplastic hip before the development of osteoarthritis.

Bone Diseases, Developmental↗
PubMed2003

Fixation of trochanteric slide osteotomies: a biomechanical study.

OBJECTIVE: (1) Determine the effect of a compressive force on the stability of trochanteric slide osteotomies repaired with a cable repair system or a suturing technique. (2) Develop an approach to surgical decision making for trochanteric repair. DESIGN: Muscle forces acting on the greater trochanter were experimentally modeled by the application of shear and compressive loads to osteotomized greater trochanters. A repeated measures design was used to compare suture and cable fixation. BACKGROUND: The use of cables and wires for trochanteric repair has been associated with a high incidence of acetabular loosening and trochanteric bursitis. With trochanteric slide osteotomies, the vastus lateralis remains attached to the trochanter, which results in a compressive force being generated across the osteotomy and relatively small shear forces. The use of less rigid fixation techniques for trochanteric repair, such as sutures, may reduce the complications of cables and wires. METHODS: Seven cadaveric femora with trochanteric osteotomies were tested sequentially after repair with a cable system and with a suturing technique. A cyclic shear load of constant amplitude was applied while a compressive load was decreased in a stepwise fashion. Migration and cyclic motion of the trochanter were measured, and the coefficient of friction was also determined. RESULTS: Cyclic motions of the trochanter in both superior and anterior directions were generally less than 0.5 mm and were not significantly different between the cables and sutures at high compressive loads. At low compressive loads, cyclic motion was significantly lower with the cable system. CONCLUSIONS: Compression across the trochanteric slide osteotomy has a significant effect on stability. Cyclic motion of the trochanter is similar for both suture or cable repair of a trochanteric slide with good preservation of soft tissue attachments. RELEVANCE: Based on theoretical and experimental evidence, repair of trochanteric slide osteotomies with a suture technique may be a viable alternative to the use of cables and wires in selected cases.

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip↗
PubMed2003

Removal of well-fixed, cementless, acetabular components in revision hip arthroplasty.

Removal of well-fixed, cementless, acetabular components during revision arthroplasty remains a challenging problem. Further damage to host bone may limit options for reconstruction and compromise the long-term result of the revision operation. We report the results of 31 hips with well-fixed, cementless sockets which were removed using a new cup extraction system. In all hips the socket was removed without difficulty and with minimal further bone loss.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed2002

Quality of life and sports-specific outcomes after Bernese periacetabular osteotomy.

We have undertaken a prospective evaluation of health-related quality-of-life outcomes in 26 consecutive patients undergoing periacetabular osteotomy with a minimum follow-up of 24 months (24 to 42). The Western Ontario-Macmaster (WOMAC) and Short Form 36 (SF-36) outcome measures were evaluated preoperatively and at follow-up. Secondary outcome measures included retrospective assessment of sports activity and satisfaction with the procedure. Follow-up data were available for 22 patients (85%). A significant improvement in the pain (p < 0.0001) and function (p < 0.0001) scales of the WOMAC and the SF-36 physical score (p < 0.0001) was seen. The mean sports activity score improved from 1.9 to 4.4, with a very high mean satisfaction rating of 89.7/100. A significant improvement in both global and disease-specific health outcomes can be expected after this operation, with a high rate of satisfaction and improvement in sporting activities.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed2001

Treatment of hip instability.

Instability after total hip arthroplasty is a major source of patient morbidity, second only to aseptic loosening. Certain patient groups have been identified as having a greater risk of instability, including patients undergoing revision arthroplasty as early or late treatment for proximal femoral fractures.

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip↗
PubMed2001

Preoperative planning to prevent instability in total knee arthroplasty.

Several factors can lead to persistent instability after total knee arthroplasty, including bone and soft tissue loss, preexisting ligamentous laxity, and poor operative technique. Achieving stability should not be equated with making the knee extremely tight, without any natural laxity.

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee↗
PubMed2001

The expectations of patients undergoing revision hip arthroplasty.

Sixty patients were prospectively assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scale for osteoarthritis of the hip and the Short Form 36 (SF-36) general health status scale as well as the expectation WOMAC, which asked patients to estimate how they expected to feel 6 months after revision hip arthroplasty. There was a wide range of expectations, but we were unable to find any significant correlation between the patients' preoperative pain and stiffness levels and their expectations for pain and stiffness after revision hip arthroplasty. There was no significant correlation between the SF-36 scores and the patients' expectations. Our findings suggest that the expectations of patients awaiting revision hip arthroplasties are high and are not related closely to the level of preoperative disability.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Unanticipated variations between expected and delivered pneumatic compression therapy after elective hip surgery: a possible source of variation in reported patient outcomes.

The differences between the pneumatic compression thromboprophylaxis delivered after elective total hip arthroplasties and that was expected were quantified before (49 patients) and after a concerted nursing education program (30 patients) that was designed to ensure maximum compliance and to verify the correct application of the devices. The expected therapy was not delivered to any of the patients monitored. Therapy was delivered only an average of 77.8% of the time during the expected treatment periods. During 99.9% of the expected therapy times, values of key outcomes-related parameters of the therapy delivered to the patients varied by >10% from expected values. These variations were not reduced significantly by medical and nursing education. This variation may be a significant confounding factor in comparatively evaluating thromboembolic disease outcome reports.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Reliability of acetabular bone defect classification systems in revision total hip arthroplasty.

Three classifications for assessment of acetabular bone loss were evaluated for their reliability. The 3 systems assessed were the system described by Gross, the system described by Paprosky, and the classification of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. In this study, we assessed their reliability based on the preoperative radiographs alone. Intraobserver agreement was measured by evaluating the classifications by the 3 innovators, 3 reconstructive orthopaedic surgeons, and 3 residents. Interobserver agreement was assessed among the reconstructive surgeons and the residents. The unweighted kappa statistic was used to establish levels of agreement. The innovators had better intraobserver agreement than the other 2 groups. Their agreement was only in the moderate range, however. For the noninnovators, intraobserver and interobserver agreement generally was poor for all 3 classifications assessed. Our results indicate that these classifications do not provide statistically reliable information for preoperative assessment of acetabular bone stock loss.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed2001

Osteotomies around the hip: radiographic planning and postoperative evaluation.

The management of the dysplastic hip represents a clinical and a technical challenge. There is a great deal of variation in the degree and direction of acetabular dysplasia, and the accurate determination of femoral head coverage is difficult. It is, therefore, important to measure and plan any osteotomy based on each patient's unique acetabular anatomy. A clear understanding of the underlying anatomic abnormalities is vital so that reconstruction can be appropriately planned. This understanding is facilitated by an appreciation of the imaging techniques available and their correct application. The initial imaging of the dysplastic hip is based on plain radiographs. These determine the diagnosis of dysplasia and give a good indication of its severity and of the degree of congruency, instability, and degenerative change. A number of indices have been defined on these radiographs to facilitate surgical planning and to evaluate surgical outcomes. Moreover, plain radiographs or fluoroscopy are usually the only modalities accessible during surgery. More complex imaging is necessary to define any associated lesions and to quantify the acetabular deficiency more accurately. Multiplanar imaging using CT scans and computer reconstructions reduces the need for complex spatial interpretation, facilitates preoperative planning, and allows preoperative simulation. The availability of more powerful computers has extended the use of these techniques to intraoperative surgical navigation. Continued progress and development of imaging techniques will further determine the type and degree of correction required for each hip and will help to stratify dysplastic hips for outcomes assessment. Ultimately, it will help orthopaedic surgeons to evaluate whether the success or failure of osteotomies around the hip are intrinsic to the techniques used or to the primary disease process or are related to the surgeon's failure to create a more normal biomechanical environment for the hip.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

The reliability and validity of the Vancouver classification of femoral fractures after hip replacement.

This study assessed the reliability and validity of a new classification system for fractures of the femur after hip arthroplasty. Forty radiographs were evaluated by 6 observers, 3 experts and 3 nonexperts. Each observer read the radiographs on 2 separate occasions and classified each case as to its type (A, B, C) and subtype (B1, B2, B3). Reliability was assessed by looking at the intraobserver and interobserver agreement using the kappa statistic. Validity was assessed within the B group by looking at the agreement between the radiographic classification and the intraoperative findings. Our findings suggest that this classification system is reliable and valid. Intraobserver agreement was consistent across observers, ranging from 0.73 to 0.83. There was a negligible difference between experts and nonexperts. Interobserver agreement was 0.61 for the first reading and 0.64 for the second reading by kappa analysis, indicating substantial agreement between observers. Validity analysis revealed an observed agreement kappa value of 0.78, indicating substantial agreement. This study has shown that this classification is reliable and valid.

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip↗
PubMed2000

Circumferential allograft replacement of the proximal femur. A critical analysis.

The use of proximal femoral structural allografts in revision hip arthroplasty remains controversial. The current study constitutes the mean 8.8 years followup (range, 3-12.5 years) of a consecutive series of 55 proximal femoral allografts in 51 patients. In 46 patients the implant was cemented into the allograft and the distal femur, and the host proximal femur was resected at the time of reconstruction in all but seven patients. Five patients underwent revision surgery for acetabular failure, and six additional patients underwent revision surgery for failure of the proximal femoral allograft. Three patients underwent successful revision surgery and had additional proximal femoral allografts. Failure was caused by graft fracture in one patient, by deep infection in two patients, and by junctional nonunion in three patients. Junctional nonunion was seen in five patients (9%), two of whom were treated successfully with bone grafting and bone grafting and plating, respectively. Instability was observed in six patients (11%). Trochanteric nonunion was seen in 22 patients (43%) and trochanteric escape was seen in 14 patients (27%). The mean Harris hip score improved from 39 to 79 points. Resorption involving the full thickness of the allograft in at least one zone was seen in seven patients. This progressed rapidly and silently within the first 3 years but has yet to lead to the failure of any of the reconstructions. Infection was ruled out in every case. Allograft resorption was seen in seven patients and may be related to a combination of factors. It is most likely that this is an immunologic problem of slow rejection, but it is possible that the distal cement fixation led to stress shielding and resorption attributable to mechanical disuse. The possible protective role of retaining the bivalved host bone as a vascularized onlay autograft remains to be clarified. Although these results justify the continued use of structural allografts for selected patients, continued followup is warranted.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

CT evaluation of periacetabular osteotomies.

We have previously described a simple and reproducible three-dimensional technique of CT for the measurement of the cover of the femoral head in acetabular dysplasia in adults. We now describe the application of this technique in ten patients with symptomatic dysplasia to assess the degree and direction of dysplasia and to measure the cover obtained at acetabular osteotomy. The indices obtained gave a useful indication of the degree and direction of the dysplasia and confirmed which components had been used most efficiently to achieve cover. The information is easily presented in graphical form and gives a clearer indication of the cover obtained than the indices derived from plain radiographs.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed2000

Structural proximal femoral allografts for failed total hip replacements: a minimum review of five years.

There are few medium- and long-term data on the outcome of the use of proximal femoral structural allografts in revision hip arthroplasty. This is a study of a consecutive series of 40 proximal femoral allografts performed for failed total hip replacements using the same technique with a minimum follow-up of five years (mean 8.8 years; range 5 to 11.5 years). In all cases the stem was cemented into both the allograft and the host femur. The proximal femur of the host was resected in 37 cases. There were four early revisions (10%), two for infection, one for nonunion of the allograft-host junction, and one for allograft resorption noted at the time of revision of a failed acetabular reconstruction. Junctional nonunion was seen in three patients (8%), two of whom were managed successfully by bone grafting, and bone grafting and plating respectively. Instability was observed in four (10%). Trochanteric nonunion was seen in 18 patients (46%) and trochanteric escape in ten of these (27%). The mean Harris hip score improved from 39 to 79. Severe resorption involving the full thickness of the allograft was seen in seven patients (17.5%). This progressed rapidly and silently, but has yet to cause failure of any of the reconstructions. Profound resorption of the allograft may be related to a combination of factors, including a slow form of immune rejection, stress shielding and resorption due to mechanical disuse with solid cemented distal fixation, and the absence of any masking or protective effect which may be provided by the retention of the bivalved host bone as a vascularised onlay autograft. Although continued surveillance is warranted, the very good medium-term clinical results justify the continued use of structural allografts for failed total hip replacements with severe loss of proximal femoral bone.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Femoral bone loss in total hip arthroplasty: classification and preoperative planning.

A single comprehensive classification system that can adequately describe all types of bone loss associated with hip arthroplasty should become a standard for reporting purposes. There is a need for a critical appraisal of the classification systems currently in use and, through a consensus, for development of a system that will permit comparison between the reported results of different techniques. Although no one classification system is ideal, the one proposed by the AAOS Committee on the Hip is the most comprehensive and the most consistently used. It addresses not only revision total hip arthroplasty but also primary hip replacement. It also addresses other conditions related to problems with the bone stock, such as those resulting from a previous hip arthrodesis on the acetabular side and femoral stenosis and malalignment on the femoral side. The only drawback to this classification system is its complexity; however, the problem of acetabular and femoral bone loss is of sufficient complexity and variety that a simple classification system, although ideal, cannot be comprehensive. Regardless of the absence of a common language and a comprehensive classification system that is applicable to all types of reconstructions, it is clear that femoral bone loss is a problem that will continue to challenge orthopaedic surgeons. It is only by careful and methodical analysis of patients who have femoral bone loss and by meticulous attention being paid to detail in preoperative evaluation and investigation, surgical planning, and the recording of outcomes that we will be able to improve our treatment of this difficult problem.

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip↗