Biomedical subjects

D S Lipton

Publications and source records attributed to D S Lipton.

41 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Program accreditation and correctional treatment.

In the correctional field, treatment program accreditation requires the support of correctional administrators and program providers for successful introduction. How accreditation criteria are developed and a support structure for the process in corrections is achieved is in itself an interesting story. Her Majesty's Prison Service has, in 3.5 years, accelerated the effectiveness of correctional treatment programming, established a platform for program integrity, obtained acceptance by the institutional leadership, and increased pride and morale among prison officers. In this article we describe the development, structure, content, and benefits of correctional treatment program accreditation as it has occurred in England and Wales.

Accreditation↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluations of correctional treatment programs in Germany: a review and meta-analysis.

This study presents a review and meta-analyses of research on the recidivism-reducing impact of correctionally based treatment programs in Germany. The data are part of the Correctional Drug Abuse Treatment Effectiveness (CDATE) project meta-analytic database (covering 1968-1996) of evaluation research studies of correctional interventions. Overall, the five studies of educational programs show no practical impact of these programs in reducing recidivism. Four studies of programs to counsel driving-under-the-influence (DUI) offenders fall in an intermediate area (not statistically significant, but promising enough to warrant further research). The eight studies of Social Therapy programs did show, on the average, a statistically significant practical impact in reducing recidivism.

Alcoholism↗

PubMedDate not supplied

"It takes your heart": the image of methadone maintenance in the addict world and its effect on recruitment into treatment.

Using data gathered on 368 current methadone clients and 142 narcotics users not in treatment in structured interviews and through ethnographic fieldwork, the study examines the image of methadone maintenance treatment in the drug-using community and discusses the effect of that image on recruitment of addicts into methadone treatment. The results indicate that the image of the methadone client as a "loser," fear of the long-term effects of methadone, and the perception of treatment as an intrusion in the user's daily life make addicts often difficult to recruit and, once in treatment, ambivalent about their participation. The image of methadone is based on both misinformation about treatment and the user's contrasting of a treatment status with the stereotypic ideal of the "righteous dope fiend." Policy implications and suggestions derived from the data are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Correlates of participation in AIDS education and HIV antibody testing by methadone patients.

The authors examined the factors associated with methadone patients' decisions about participating in a clinic-based AIDS prevention protocol. Despite the offer of incentives, only 27 percent attended AIDS education and only 12 percent obtained voluntary HIV antibody (ab) testing. However, AIDS education was attended by proportionately more of those who were at highest risk for AIDS because of current intravenous drug use. The availability of HIV-ab testing neither encouraged nor discouraged participation in AIDS education. Patients who were relatively more likely to choose HIV-ab testing were older, had been or were married, had plans to have children, believed the test to be useful, and believed that their counselors support their decision to be tested. Those who declined to be tested were reluctant to confront the emotional aspects of their risk status, were concerned about possible breaches of confidentiality, and doubted the value of testing. The implications of the findings for implementing AIDS prevention measures in methadone programs are discussed. Programs need either to require attendance at AIDS education or give patients an incentive to attend. HIV-ab testing should be available but should remain voluntary. A stronger medical rationale for testing is developing and may increase future participation. Methadone programs must continue to engage patients actively in AIDS risk reduction efforts.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Non-invasive semi-quantitative measurements of tidal pressure-volume and flow relations of lung in COPD patients.

Movement of the suprasternal fossa as detected by surface inductive plethysmography (SIP) has been utilized as a non-invasive means for estimation of intrapleural pressure in the calculation of lung compliance. The purpose of the present study was to ascertain whether pulmonary resistance and work of breathing could also be obtained with SIP. A new calibration procedure based upon substituting values for inspiratory total respiratory resistance measured by forced oscillations into an uncalibrated SIP deflection-flow loop was utilized to convert the SIP waveform to a pressure recording. This permitted estimation of lung compliance, expiratory pulmonary resistance and work of breathing which were then compared to simultaneously measured intraesophageal pressure derived values. Nine seated patients with varying degrees of obstructive airways disease were studied. No differences were found between the SIP and intraesophageal derived group mean values for any parameters, viz inspiratory and expiratory pulmonary resistance, lung compliance and work of breathing. The least variable measurement between the two methods was the work of breathing in which eight of the nine patients had values deviating less than 25% from unity. Values for lung compliance were slightly more divergent and expiratory pulmonary resistance showed large variation. The present investigation indicates that surface inductive plethysmographic detection of suprasternal fossa movement reflects intrapleural pressure swings in a semiquantitative manner; it serves as a non-invasive research technique for estimation of lung compliance, pulmonary resistance and work of breathing.

Adult↗