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D S North

Publications and source records attributed to D S North.

24 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

The effect of an in situ-produced oil shale processing water on metabolism.

The effects of in situ-produced oil shale retort water on the metabolism of various substrates was studied both in vivo and in vitro. The induction observed in rats was classified as Type I due to an increase in metabolism of hexobarbital and ethylmorphine without subsequent increases in zoxazolamine metabolism. The maximal absorption of the cytochrome-P450-CO complex was observed to be 450 millimicron, also consistent with Type I inducers. Cytochrome P-450 levels were also significantly increased over controls.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Home monitors of blood glucose: comparison of precision and accuracy.

Home monitors of blood glucose (HMBGs) are gaining acceptance as part of the standard of care for ambulatory self-monitoring and treatment of diabetic patients. Currently there are several HMBGs marketed in the United States, each claiming reliability, accuracy, and "user friendliness," with most of these claims largely unsubstantiated. The objective of our study was to analyze and statistically compare the accuracy and precision of the HMBGs produced by the major competitors in this ever-expanding medical field. Accuracy of each monitor was studied by comparing the glucose value reported by each HMBG with that determined by a reference method (YSI 23A). Precision or reproducibility of results was performed by testing a single, known whole-blood glucose sample 20 times on each monitor. The precision of each device was tested on known low, normal, and elevated samples. Actual and absolute deviations from the reference standard demonstrate that the Accuchek bG and Glucoscan 2000 monitors provide relatively unbiased estimates of blood glucose, whereas the Glucokey, Glucochek II, Glucometer II, and Trendsmeter generally underestimate the true values. The Diascan and Accuchek II monitors, in a separate evaluation, demonstrated acceptable accuracy and precision. We conclude that the Accuchek bG and Glucoscan 2000 statistically are the most accurate and precise HMBGs.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Levofloxacin, a second-generation fluoroquinolone.

Levofloxacin, levo-isomer of the D,L-racemate ofloxacin, is a new fluoroquinolone antibiotic approved for use in the United States in December 1996. It has an extended spectrum of activity compared with older-generation fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin), with improved activity against gram-positive bacteria and excellent activity against gram-negative bacteria and atypical organisms. Although its activity against anaerobic organisms is improved over that of earlier fluoroquinolones, levofloxacin should not be considered a first-line anaerobic agent. It is available in an injectable form, as well as an oral formulation with virtually 100% oral bioavailability. The plasma elimination half-life ranges from 6-8 hours in individuals with normal renal function. Approximately 80% of drug is eliminated unchanged in urine through glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. The pharmacokinetics are not appreciably affected by age, gender, or race when differences in renal function and body mass and composition are taken into account. Levofloxacin had impressive efficacy in clinical studies of community-acquired pneumonia, acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, acute sinusitis, skin and skin structure infections, and complicated urinary tract infections and pyelonephritis. It is well tolerated; its adverse event profile is similar to that of other fluoroquinolones, with gastrointestinal and central nervous system effects reported most commonly. Drug interactions are uncommon with levofloxacin; however, coadministration with antacids or with other agents containing divalent or trivalent cations reduces levofloxacin absorption. The agent should prove to be more effective than older fluoroquinolones, especially for infections caused by pneumococci highly resistant to penicillin.

Anti-Infective Agents↗