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Biomedical subjects

D S Rampton

Publications and source records attributed to D S Rampton.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Peripheral blood neutrophils in inflammatory bowel disease: morphological evidence of in vivo activation in active disease.

Morphological evidence of activation in vivo of circulating neutrophils in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was sought by quantitative light microscope examination of toluidine blue-stained preparations made from peripheral venous bloods that had been fixed immediately ex vivo. The proportion of spherical (unactivated) circulating neutrophils was reduced in active Crohn's disease (73%; 46-96 (median; range), n = 11) compared with inactive Crohn's (90%; 45-99; n = 18, P less than 0.01) and normal subjects (94%; 44-98; n = 13, P less than 0.05). There tended to be fewer spherical neutrophils in active ulcerative colitis (77%; 13-96; n = 17) than in quiescent colitis (88%; 57-99, n = 13, P less than 0.1) or normal subjects (P less than 0.05). Activated neutrophils occur in the circulating pool of patients with active IBD and can be detected by light microscopy of peripheral venous blood leucocyte preparations.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Pouchitis.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1989

Failure of allopurinol to modify urinary composition in enteric hyperoxaluria.

Conventional treatment of enteric hyperoxaluria (EHO) consists of dietary restriction of oxalate and fat and correction of its underlying cause whenever possible. Recent work suggests that allopurinol reduces the incidence of urolithiasis and the urinary excretion of both oxalate and uric acid in patients without intestinal disease. We have assessed the effect of allopurinol, 300 mg daily for 2 weeks, on urine biochemistry in patients with EHO due to small bowel Crohn's disease and/or resections. Compliance with treatment was confirmed by a fall in plasma uric acid in every patient. Allopurinol failed to alter 24 h urinary oxalate excretion or oxalate concentration. There were also no significant changes in the urinary excretion of glycollate (like oxalate, a breakdown product of glyoxylate), citrate, magnesium or calcium, each of which was at the lower end of the normal range before and during treatment with allopurinol. It appears unlikely that allopurinol will prove useful in the prevention of urolithiasis in patients with EHO.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Is microscopic colitis due to bile-salt malabsorption?

The cause of the recently described syndrome of chronic watery diarrhea associated with microscopic colitis is unknown. A patient appearing to have this disorder is described here. A major pathophysiologic role for bile-salt malabsorption in her, and perhaps other such patients, was suggested by her clinicopathologic response to cholestyramine.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Crohn's disease in monozygotic twins.

A pair of monozygotic twins with Crohn's disease is described. Both have ileocaecal disease and suffered their first symptoms after living apart for 6 years. The pathogenic role of hereditary and environmental factors is discussed in the light of this and previous reports of twins with Crohn's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Prostaglandins and the gastrointestinal mucosa: are they important in its function, disease, or treatment?

In 1971 interest in the role of prostaglandins in the gastrointestinal tract was stimulated by the publication of two hypotheses--that aspirin damaged the gastric mucosa by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis (1) and that cholera toxin caused diarrhea by stimulating it (2). Subsequent research into the gastrointestinal actions of prostaglandins has been considerable and now impinges on clinical practice. This paper reviews the involvement of prostaglandins and related compounds in mucosal protection, in ulcer healing, in diarrhea, and in gastrointestinal inflammation, with particular reference to the growing body of human data.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Are prostaglandins cytoprotective in the human large intestine? The effect of indomethacin on rectal mucosal function and prostaglandin E2 release in vivo.

To test the hypothesis that prostaglandins are cytoprotective in the human large intestine, we investigated the effect of withdrawal of treatment with indomethacin suppositories on bowel habit and on rectal mucosal electrolyte transport and prostaglandin production in 8 patients taking such treatment for rheumatological disorders. Discontinuation of indomethacin doubled rectal mucosal prostaglandin E2 release (p less than 0.05) measured by in vivo rectal dialysis. Although there was no significant overall change in stool frequency, stool consistency, rectal bleeding or sodium absorption (also assessed by rectal dialysis), sigmoidoscopic appearance (p = 0.05), rectal mucosal potential difference (p less than 0.05) and potassium transport (p = 0.01) each reverted towards normal on indomethacin withdrawal. These results accord with the theory that, as in the upper gastrointestinal tract, prostaglandins may play a role in the maintenance of rectal mucosal structure and function.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Relationship between rectal mucosal prostaglandin production and water and electrolyte transport in ulcerative colitis.

We have used in vivo rectal dialysis to test the hypothesis that the diarrhoea of patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC) is due to inhibition of large intestinal salt and water absorption by enhanced local mucosal prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. In 28 patients with untreated UC, increased rectal mucosal PGE2 release varied inversely with sodium transport and directly with potassium transport; higher PGE2 release was also associated with lower (i.e. less negative) potential difference (PD). Disease activity assessed sigmoidoscopically was positively related to PGE2 release, potassium transport and lower PD. Similar relationships were found in 33 patients treated with sulphasalazine and/or corticosteroids and in 9 patients studied serially when on unaltered conventional, or no treatment. In contrast, when 10 patients with UC were given the PG synthesis inhibitor, flurbiprofen, a significant fall in PGE2 release was associated with deteriorations in mucosal PD and transport of sodium and potassium. Increased PG production is therefore unlikely to be a major determinant of the abnormalities of electrolyte transport found in UC. The correlations between mucosal PGE2 release and electrolyte transport were probably due to the relationship of these variables with some other consequence of tissue damage.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1984

Treatment of chronic renal failure with dietary fiber.

We have tested the hypothesis that dietary fiber, by inhibiting colonic bacterial ammonia generation and increasing fecal nitrogen excretion, might decrease hepatic urea synthesis and thereby reduce plasma urea in patients with chronic renal failure. Six and 8 week courses of two different hemicelluloses, arabinogalactan and ispaghula, reduced mean plasma urea in uremic subjects by 11% and 19% respectively. Ispaghula also reduced the rate of rise of plasma creatinine to zero and, in one formal balance study, increased fecal nitrogen excretion by 39%. Experiments in vitro showed that ispaghula depressed anaerobic fecal bacterial net ammonia generation by 30%, and adsorbed neither urea nor ammonia. The reduction in plasma urea caused by dietary fiber is likely to be due to inhibition of colonic bacterial production of ammonia; such therapy could conceivably alleviate some of the symptoms of uremia and postpone dialysis in patients with endstage renal disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Benoxaprofen in the treatment of active ulcerative colitis.

We have conducted an open pilot trial to assess the therapeutic effect of the lipoxygenase inhibitor, benoxaprofen, in 10 patients with active ulcerative proctocolitis. After 18 days treatment with benoxaprofen (600 mg daily) there was no significant change in bowel habit, rectal bleeding, constitutional upset, sigmoidoscopic appearance, mucosal histology, haemoglobin, ESR, serum albumin or serum orosomucoid. Benoxaprofen itself seems unlikely to prove useful in ulcerative colitis, but evaluation of the therapeutic potential of other lipoxygenase inhibitors in inflammatory bowel disease may be worthwhile.

Adolescent↗