Effects of text variables on eye movements in reading.
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Eye Movements↗
Biomedical subjects
D S Sanders
Publications and source records attributed to D S Sanders.
Expression of Melan-A in Spitz, pigmented spindle cell nevi, and congenital nevi: comparative immunohistochemical study.
The expression of the antibody Melan-A in 27 benign melanocytic skin lesions (10 congenital nevi, 10 Spitz nevi, and 7 pigmented spindle cell nevi) was compared to that of S100 protein and HMB-45. To evaluate the role of Melan-A in differentiating melanocytic and nonmelanocytic lesions we assessed a number of benign nonmelanocytic skin lesions including neurofibromas, granular cell tumors, and dermatofibromas. Melan-A had an identical staining pattern to S100 protein in the melanocyte population of all lesions, but had the advantage of only staining cells of melanocytic lineage and no other cell types. HMB-45, although staining the junctional components of all lesions with a junctional component, showed varied intensity and distribution in the dermal components. Melan-A is much cleaner than S100 protein, having no background staining, and in skin appears to be specific for melanocytes. The nonmelanocytic lesions did not express Melan-A.
Antigens, Neoplasm↗
Small bowel bacterial overgrowth in symptomatic older people: can it be diagnosed earlier?
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: In older people, small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome may be a common, but under-diagnosed, cause of diarrhoea and nutrient malabsorption. We aim to determine which clinical features and baseline laboratory investigations indicate a high likelihood of small bowel bacterial overgrowth as defined by a positive glucose breath test. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of records for all patients referred for glucose breath test over a 6-year period to a teaching hospital. RESULTS: Out of 197 referrals, 168 patient records were located and analysed (62 male, 106 female; median age 65). Patient characteristics predictive of a positive glucose breath test were: increasing age (p < 0.01), low serum vitamin B12 (p = 0.02), low serum albumin (p = 0.03), previous partial gastrectomy (p < 0.01), previous right hemi-colectomy (p < 0.01), presence of small bowel diverticulae (p = 0.01) and concurrent use of a proton pump inhibitor (p < 0.01). 52.5% (n = 21/40) of patients studied who were over 75 years old versus 21.8% (n = 28/128) of those under 75 years old had a positive glucose breath test (p < 0.01). The median time to diagnosis, from first hospital visit to positive glucose breath test, was 39 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: There is often a significant delay in diagnosis of small bowel bacterial overgrowth. We suggest that this diagnosis should be considered earlier in the investigative algorithm in older patients with indicative symptoms and a predisposing factor (including previous partial gastrectomy, previous right hemi-colectomy, small bowel diverticulae or use of a proton pump inhibitor) or concurring laboratory indices (low vitamin B12 or albumin).
Adult↗