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D S Trochtenberg

Publications and source records attributed to D S Trochtenberg.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Effects of thromboxane synthase and cyclooxygenase inhibition on PAF-induced changes in lung function and arachidonic acid metabolism.

PAF was administered as an intravenous bolus (0.1 micrograms/kg) to eight chronically instrumented awake sheep. The effects of pretreatment with an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (meclofenamate) on PAF-induced changes in lung function were compared to those observed with a specific inhibitor of thromboxane synthase (DP1904). Each animal was studied four times in varied order: PAF alone, PAF + DP1904, PAF + meclofenamate, and DP1904 alone. Saline alone (control), DP1904 alone, and meclofenamate alone did not cause changes in any of the measured variables. DP1904 and meclofenamate significantly attenuated the PAF-induced fall in lung compliance, elevation in peak pulmonary artery pressure, and increased lung lymph flow. Both drugs abolished the PAF-induced increases in lung lymph thromboxane B2 concentrations. Meclofenamate, but not DP1904, blocked the rise in lymph 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. Although meclofenamate blocked the rise in lymph PGE2, DP1904 resulted in levels 2.7 times higher than PAF alone. We conclude that: (1) inhibition of thromboxane synthase is as effective as inhibition of cyclooxygenase in attenuating PAF-induced changes in lung function, and (2) thromboxane synthase inhibition results in augmented production of PGE2 following PAF administration in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Reversible hepatomegaly and diabetes mellitus in an adult with disseminated histiocytosis X.

Histiocytosis X rarely disseminates in an adult. The authors describe an unusual patients who presented with multiple areas of cutaneous and bone involvement. During the course of his disease he developed massive hepatomegaly. Aggregates of vacuolated histiocytes were found on liver biopsy. He subsequently developed diabetes mellitus complicated by ketoacidosis. Both his hepatomegaly and diabetes resolved spontaneously. No pancreatic nor pituitary abnormalities were identified. The combination of histiocytosis X, hepatomegaly, and diabetes mellitus has not been previously reported. The medical literature is reviewed with an emphasis on disseminated histiocytosis X in adults and the mechanism of glucose intolerance in liver disease.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of pulmonary edema on tracheal diameter.

BACKGROUND: Though it is well known that cardiogenic and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema can cause changes in lung mechanics, actual alterations in tracheal diameter have not been described. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of pulmonary edema induced by increased left atrial pressure (cardiogenic) and Perilla ketone (PK; noncardiogenic) on tracheal diameter in chronically instrumented awake sheep. METHODS: We investigated the effects of two mechanistically distinct types of pulmonary edema on tracheal diameter in chronically instrumented awake sheep. Cardiogenic pulmonary edema (analogous to congestive heart failure in humans) was induced by increasing left atrial pressure ( upward arrowP(LA)) by inflating the balloon on a Foley catheter positioned in the mitral valve annulus to cause partial obstruction to flow across the valve (n = 18). Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema (increased pulmonary microvascular permeability pulmonary edema analogous to the acute respiratory distress syndrome in humans) was produced by the intravenous administration of PK (n = 11). Lateral chest radiographs (CXRs) were scored by a standardized 5-point scoring system for the severity of pulmonary edema, and tracheal diameter was measured at a fixed location in the carina. Three radiologists, blinded to sheep identification number and experimental protocol, evaluated the radiographs independently at different points in time for edema severity and tracheal diameter. The sheep were sacrificed immediately after the final CXR, and wet/dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio) was determined. RESULTS: Both upward arrowP(LA) and PK were associated with statistically significant tracheal narrowing ( upward arrowP(LA): 20.3 +/- 0.6 to 15.1 +/- 0.9 mm; PK: 20.2 +/- 0.6 to 14.1 +/- 1.4 mm). Tracheal narrowing correlated with the severity of the pulmonary edema determined radiographically ( upward arrowP(LA): r = -0.69, p < 0.01; PK: r = -0.62, p < 0.01) and by W/D ratio ( upward arrowP(LA): r = -0.64, p < 0.05; PK: r = -0.54, p < 0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that tracheal narrowing occurs in sheep models of both cardiogenic and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and that the degree of narrowing correlates with the severity of the edema.

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