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Biomedical subjects

D Sahni

Publications and source records attributed to D Sahni.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

The use of LYVE-1 antibody for detecting lymphatic involvement in patients with malignant melanoma of known sentinel node status.

BACKGROUND: Sentinel node (SN) status is the most important prognostic indicator in patients with cutaneous melanoma without clinically evident metastatic spread, but the procedure is associated with considerable morbidity. The LYVE-1 lymphatic marker offers the possibility of studying lymphangiogenesis and tumour metastasis within the primary excision. AIMS: To establish whether lymphatic vessel numbers/distribution within the primary tumour correlated with SN status. To assess whether tumour cells were easily demonstrable within lymphatics and could be used as a surrogate for SN status. METHODS: Double immunostaining for LYVE-1 and S100 in cutaneous biopsies from 18 SN+ patients with no lymphatic/vascular involvement on routine histology and 18 SN- patients matched for tumour thickness and ulceration. RESULTS: Lymphatic vessels were detected in all cases. Vessels within the tumour mass were suggestive of active lymphangiogenesis; those outside were mainly mature vessels with well defined walls. Tumour cells within lymphatics were detected in one of 18 SN- and five of 18 SN+ patients. Lymphatics containing tumour cells were all outside the tumour mass in well formed vessels, suggesting melanoma cell invasion into preformed lymphatics. There was no significant difference in lymphatic counts between SN+ and SN- patients. Although peritumorous lymphatic counts were higher in ulcerated than non-ulcerated melanomas, they did not vary with Breslow thickness. CONCLUSION: LYVE-1 staining can reliably demonstrate lymphatic vessel distribution, but lymphatic counts cannot predict melanoma metastatic potential and cannot substitute for SN biopsy. LYVE-1 immunostaining can detect melanoma cells within lymphatics, but is unreliable in predicting melanoma metastasis, failing to detect metastatic spread in more than two thirds of patients with regional node metastasis.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed2004

Glaucoma induced by periorbital topical steroid use--a rare complication.

Eye complications arising during systemic and ophthalmic steroid use are well known. In contrast, there is little highlighting the similar risks associated with topical steroid use around the eyelids. We now describe a 29-year-old lady who used topical steroids in prolonged fashion throughout most of her life for severe eczema, with the recent application of large quantities of potent steroid continuously for one month, including to the periorbital region. Soon after, she presented to her ophthalmologist with severe bilateral glaucoma and irreversible visual loss attributed to the steroid use. Here we emphasise the possible risks of periorbital topical steroid use, as well as the importance of patient education and ophthalmological follow-up.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2002

Variations in collateral contributions to the blood supply to the sternum.

The blood supply of the sternum plays a major role in healing of the sternum after sternotomy. The sternal blood supply is derived mainly from the medial horizontal branches of the internal thoracic artery (ITA). The ITA is usually described as giving off sternal, anterior intercostal and perforating branches supplying their respective areas. The aim of the present study was to describe variations in the arterial branching pattern of collateral contributions to the sternum. The study was conducted on 30 fresh specimens of anterior thoracic wall in which cellulose acetate butyrate was injected into the ITA. The branches of the ITA in the first to sixth intercostal spaces were dissected and any additional artery supplying the sternum in each intercostal space was observed. In the present study, the ITA gave off non-collateral branches - sternal, anterior intercostal and perforating. The ITA was also found to have branches which divided into two to supply two destinations which could establish collateral flow to the sternum: (1). A sterno-intercostal branch (1-12 mm in length) divided and diverged in a Y or T shape. The medial limb supplied the sternum and the lateral limb supplied the adjoining thoracic wall, anastomosing with the terminal part of the posterior intercostal artery. (2). A sterno-perforating branch supplied the sternum either anteriorly or posteriorly before perforating and supplying the pectoral region and anastomosing with the thoracoacromial artery. This study reinforces the practice of ligating branches of the ITA close to its trunk as they have the potential to develop collateral blood supply. In the present study the posterior intercostal artery was at times found to supply the sternum directly or via its collateral branch and was named the persistent posterior intercostal artery.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

An Indian mummy: a case report.

A case of mummification occurring in northwest India (Chandigarh) is described. A middle-aged man developed an abscess on his back and was treated by a mystical man who did not allow him any food or water. After a few days the patient died. On the advice of the mystical man the body was kept in a room which was made hot and dry. The police discovered the body after 2 years. A postmortem examination was conducted and findings are reported.

Forensic Anthropology↗
PubMed1998

Time of fusion of the basisphenoid with the basilar part of the occipital bone in northwest Indian subjects.

To find out the time of fusion of the basisphenoid with the basilar part of the occipital bone in Northwest Indian subjects, a quadrilateral piece of bone extending from the posterior clinoid processes to the jugular tubercles was removed from 50 male and 34 female autopsy subjects between the ages of 10 and 20 years. The piece of bone was X-rayed and then macerated. In addition CT scan cuts of the basisphenoid were obtained in 46 male and 27 female living subjects between the age of 10 and 19 years. In the males, partial fusion was seen at 13 years while a complete fusion was noticed at 15 years in 25% of the subjects. The age of a boy showing complete fusion should be 15 years or above. If there is no fusion or partial fusion he should be below 19 years as complete fusion is seen in all male subjects at 19 years. In females, the earliest partial fusion was noted at 12 years and complete fusion was present at 13 years in 16.6%. All female subjects showed complete fusion at 17 years. The minimum age of a girl showing complete fusion should be 13 years; if no fusion or partial fusion is seen, her age should be below 17 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Incidence and structure of the appendices of the testis and epididymis.

In paired tests obtained from 425 adults, 50 children and 10 neonates, the incidence of testicular appendices was 76% in adults (93.3% sessile) and 83.3% in neonates/children (88% sessile). An epididymal appendix was present in 21.9% of adults and 20% of neonates/children, out of which 79% were stalked in both types of specimen. Three sessile testicular appendices and 11 epididymal appendices were double. The microscopic structure of the appendices and the ultrastructure of their epithelia are described. Testicular or epididymal appendices were not present in any domestic or laboratory animal examined except the horse.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Time of fusion of epiphyses at the elbow and wrist joints in girls of northwest India.

A radiological examination of both elbows and wrists of 149 Northwest Indian schoolgirls between the ages of 11 and 19 years, of middle socio-economic status, was undertaken to determine the time of fusion of the epiphyses with the metaphyses of the medial epicondyle of the humerus, the proximal end of the radius and the distal ends of both radius and ulna. The data were subjected to discriminant function tests as well as sensitivity and specificity tests. If the epiphysis of the medial epicondyle of the humerus or that of the head of the radius has not fused with metaphysis completely, the age of the girl would be < 16 years. However, the age of the girl should be > 16 years if the distal epiphyses of the radius and the ulna show complete fusion with their respective metaphyses. Discriminant function tests show that 91.95% of girls can be correctly classified as being above or below the age of 16 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Bifid pancreas.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Weight and measurements of kidneys in northwest Indian adults.

Weights and measurements of paired kidneys obtained from medicolegal autopsies of northwest Indian adults, 155 males and 84 females, were compared. The right and left kidneys weighed 108.7 +/- 22.6 g and 111.8 +/- 23.3 g (P > 0.05), respectively, in males. Corresponding weights in females were 96.6 +/- 19.3 g and 99.4 +/- 25.3 g (P > 0.05) for the right and left kidneys, respectively. Sex differences in the weights of both right and left kidneys were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Other measurements of the right kidney in males were as follows: length, 99.5 +/- 9.4 mm; width at the middle of the hilum, 45.8 +/- 6.2 mm; and the thickness 33.3 +/- 5.2 mm, which did not differ from corresponding measurements of the left kidney (99.7 +/- 10.9 mm, 46.4 +/- 7.1 mm, and 34.0 +/- 6.4 mm, respectively). Other measurements of the right kidney in females were as follows: length, 91.3 +/- 8.7 mm; width at the middle of the hilum, 44.6 +/- 4.6 mm; and thickness 31.2 +/- 4.7 mm, which did not differ from those of the left kidney (92.1 +/- 11.0 mm, 43.5 +/- 6.5 mm, and 31.1 +/- 6.1 mm, respectively). Sex differences in measurements of both right and left kidneys were significant except for the width of the kidney at the middle and below the hilum.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gross anatomy of the pancreatic ducts in north Indians.

Gross anatomy of the pancreatic ducts was studied in dissections and by preparing corrosion casts of pancreases, obtained from 218 male and 57 female adult cadavers. In addition 72 normal pancreatograms were also examined. The main pancreatic duct (MPD) started as two or more tributaries in the tail of the pancreas and crossed the body of the 12th dorsal or the first lumbar vertebra or in between in 72.5% males and 62.5% females. In 96% specimens MPD followed the usual course and opened at the major duodenal papilla. Twenty to thirty five lobular ducts opened on either side of the MPD while a few opened on the anterior or posterior walls. There was no 'herringbone' arrangement. The distance between the two ductules varied from 1 to 10 mm. Mode of formation of the accessory pancreatic duct (APD), its course and termination were also studied. In dissected specimens the embryonic type of pancreatic duct (pancreas divisum) was seen in 9 (4.5%) male and 3 (6%) female specimens. In 15.1% male and 26.3% female (p < 0.05) subjects APD will not act as a safety valve if an obstruction occurs in the distal part of MPD.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatic veins in northwest Indian subjects.

Formation, position, course and areas of drainage by hepatic veins were studied in 153 adult autopsy specimens. There were three major hepatic veins; left, middle and right. The middle hepatic vein (MHV) joined the left hepatic vein (LHV) in 88.2% specimens before the latter opened into inferior vena cava (IVC). Each major hepatic vein was joined by a superior vein. An intersegmental vein was present in the septum between the medial and lateral segments; it either joined the LHV or MHV. Formation and course of posterior hepatic veins (small veins) have been described and a nomenclature has been suggested. The right suprarenal vein either opened directly into IVC or joined the superior or inferior posterior hepatic veins.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Size of the valves and thicknesses of anterior walls of the ventricles of the adult Indian hearts.

The heart weight, sizes of the aortic, pulmonary, tricuspid and mitral valves and thicknesses of the anterior walls of the two ventricles were measured in normal hearts obtained from 350 male and 150 female medicolegal autopsy subjects belonging to Chandigarh zone of Northwest India and varying in age from 18 to 70 years. All the measurements were found to be smaller than those recorded in the Western population. They were also smaller in the females than in the males. The measurements increased with advancing age.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Incidence of myocardial bridges in northwest Indians.

Dissection of hearts obtained at autopsy from 150 adults (110 males, 40 females) and 15 children (10 males, 5 females) showed an incidence of myocardial bridges over the coronary arteries to be 34.5% in the male and 32.5% in female adults (p = NS); in children the incidence was 40% in either sex. A similar incidence was found in the neonates. Such bridges were also present in the fetuses. A bridge over the anterior interventricular artery could be identified as early as 60mm C.R. stage. An examination of serial sections of 3 early embryos indicated that the coronary arteries develop epimyocardially. The myocardial bridges seem to develop concurrently with the development of myocardium. In 63% instances a bridge was present on the anterior interventricular artery, other arteries were involved less frequently.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Blood supply of the human interventricular septum in north-west Indians.

The blood supply of the human interventricular septum was studied in hearts obtained from 500 (300 males and 200 females) medicolegal autopsy subjects aged 18 to 75 years. In 350 specimens the coronary arteries were injected with 20 per cent solution of cellulose acetate butyrate and branches supplying the septum were displayed by dissection while in the remaining hearts the arteries were injected with a solution of barium sulphate and X-rays taken. The anterior two-thirds of the septum is supplied by 4 to 10 perforators and one or two long septal arteries (in 94 per cent instances) which arise from the anterior interventricular artery; the latter turns round the inferior border of the heart and extends for a variable distance in the caudal part of the interventricular sulcus and supplies perforators to the posterior one-third of the septum. The cephalic part of the posterior one-third of the septum gets its blood supply from the posterior interventricular artery; some variations in this arrangement have been encountered. In about 85 per cent instances the right coronary artery or its conus branch gives an interventricular septal branch which pierces the anterior wall of the right ventricle and runs subendocardially on the supraventricular crest to reach the interventricular septum where it anastomoses with the anterior perforators; about 15 per cent subjects who do not have this septal branch are likely to sustain a larger infarction in case the anterior interventricular artery gets blocked.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Origin and size of the coronary arteries in the north-west Indians.

The origin of the coronary arteries and sizes of their ostia were studied in 500 adult hearts (385 male and 115 female), obtained from medico-legal autopsies performed by one of the authors on subjects varying in age from 18 to 75 years and residents of Chandigarh zone. Third coronary artery was present in 34.8% male and 27.8% female hearts (p greater than 0.05). Whereas the incidence of the origin of right coronary artery above the supravalvular ridge was 3.4% in the males and 1.7% in females (p greater than 0.05), that of the left coronary artery was 7% in both sexes. The mean diameter of the origin of the right coronary artery in the males was 3.2 +/- 0.5 mm, and that of the females was 2.8 +/- 0.4 mm (p less than .001). The mean diameter of the left coronary artery in the males was 3.7 +/- .7 mm, and in famels 3.2 +/- .6 mm (p less than .001). The size of the left coronary artery in unsexed hearts of north-west Indian population was calculated as 3.6 mm while that of the right as 3.1 mm. The former is definitely smaller than that given in Western literature, while the size of the right artery is only marginally so. The sizes of both coronary arteries had significant correlationship with body weight, body weight, body surface area, heart weight and age. This investigation showed that the size of the coronary arteries increased with an increase in age.

Adolescent↗