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Biomedical subjects

D Salmaso

Publications and source records attributed to D Salmaso.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Effects of frontal lesions on a selective attention task.

We set out to test the hypothesis that patients with frontal damage are specifically disabled in carrying out tasks requiring a high level of controlled attention. A group of patients with frontal lesions and another group of patients with retrorolandic lesions were tested for selective attention on a computerized task designed to produce a conflict situation between automatic and controlled processes. Frontal patients proved to be significantly more prone to errors of commission (false alarms) than retrorolandic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Problems in the assessment of hand preference.

Hand preference for the original items proposed by Oldfield (1971) and information concerning age, sex, familial sinistrality were obtained from a population of 1694 subjects. An item analysis was performed which resulted in the elimination of some of the items. Handedness distribution derived on the basis of the selected items was compared with the distribution obtained on the basis of the Oldfield's selection. Results show that handedness distributions depend on item selection, familial sinistrality and age, while no effect of sex is found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Evoked potentials by letters in printed and script forms.

Visual evoked potentials were recorded for 6 adult male subjects in response to single vowels and consonants in printed and script forms. Analysis showed the vowels in the printed form to have evoked responses with shorter latency (component P1 at about 133 msec.) and larger amplitude (component P1-N1) than the other letter-typeface combinations. No hemispheric asymmetries were found. The results partially agree with the behavioral data on the visual information-processing of letters.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Hand preference in an Italian sample.

A hand-preference questionnaire was administered to 1694 Italian adults. Analysis indicates no relationship of sex and handedness and a percentage of 6.4 left-handers. The difference in percentage of left-handers across different populations is discussed in terms of cultural differences.

Forearm↗
PubMed1982

Role of the frontal lobes on an attention task: a signal detection analysis.

Sensitivity and criterion were studied on an attention task requiring detection of new stimuli for a group of 20 patients with unilateral hemispheric damage restricted to the anterior or posterior areas. Patients performed a simple attention task, in which the presence of a novel stimulus had to be detected against the repetition of the same stimulus repeated. Only the site of the lesion (anterior vs posterior damage) influenced the performance of the task. In fact, frontal patients had both lower capacity to discriminate between signals and nonsignals and lower confidence in their responses.

Attention↗
PubMed1980

Hemispheric differences on a novel task requiring attention.

16 students, 8 men and 8 women, ranged in age from 18 to 25 yr., served as subjects in an experiment, where 320 pairs of consonants and 320 pairs of lines were presented tachistoscopically to the left and to the right visual field. One pair, both for letters and for lines, constituted the nonsignal event and the remainder the signals. A high event rate and a low signal density were used. Subjects were instructed to press a key when a signal had been presented. Performance was scored according to nonparametric estimates of sensitivity and criterion. The main results were a clear-cut dissociation between the two measures, a greater sensitivity for the presentation in the right visual field, irrespective of the type of material, and different effects on detection and response bias for men and for women. The importance of these findings with respect to lateralization and information processing is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Evidence for a right hemisphere superiority and for a serial search strategy in a dot detection task.

In Experiment I the subjects manually signaled whether a solid dot was present or not in an array of empty dots presented either in the right or in the left visual field. The dots were either three or six and the target could appear in any of the possible locations. The results showed (a) a left visual field superiority; (b) a left hand superiority; (c) faster responses to three-dot than to six-dot displays, and (d) an effect of the location of the target in the display. Experiment II exactly replicated the previous experiment with the exception that the stimuli were centrally projected. The results showed: (a) a left hand superiority; (b) an effect of the number of dots in the display. These results can be interpreted to indicate: (a) a right hemisphere specialization in a simple feature detection task without any spatial component; (b) the compatibility of a right-hemisphere advantage with a serial search strategy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Age at onset and SPECT imaging in Alzheimer's disease.

It is generally accepted that presenile Alzheimer's disease (AD) has faster progression and severer clinical manifestation than senile onset AD. Recently a relative left frontal hypoperfusion was only found in patients with presenile AD by using SPECT imaging. The aim of the present report was to ascertain whether the same conclusion could be drawn matching the population with respect to the severity of the cognitive profile and disease duration. Twenty subjects for each group were studied with SPECT and no differences emerged between groups. It is postulated that presenile and senile onset AD represent aspects of the same biological process.

Age of Onset↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Memory and aging: components and processes.

This article provides a critical review of memory and aging. The focus is on the more accepted ternary scheme of memory, i.e. procedural, semantic and episodic, and on processing resources. A review of the literature in these areas, considering the more relevant studies or those with a greater number of subjects, reveals a gradual decrease of performance with age. No single hypothesis, either psychological or physiological, seems to be capable of explaining this decline. However, the hypothesis of a cognitive slowing during aging has an appealing simplicity and offers the chance to integrate the myriad of task-specific explanations that have proliferated in the literature.

Adult↗