Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to D Sarma.
We report a patient with extensive cerebral venous thrombosis who showed complete reversal of restricted diffusion on MRI, accompanied by excellent clinical recovery. The implications of these findings in relation to interpretation of diffusion changes in cerebral venous thrombosis are discussed, and differences with arterial stroke are highlighted.
A protocol was developed for high frequency plant regeneration in H. patulum by shoot-tip culture. H. patulum plants were collected from a wild source growing at high altitude in the eastern Himalayas. Multiple buds were initiated from shoot-tips cultured on Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with BAP, kinetin. Addition of thiamin HCI, Ca-pantothenate and biotin enhanced multiple shoot formation. Upon transfer to phytohormone free liquid medium following a brief exposure to auxin, root formation occurred from the micro shoots . Rooted plants were hardened and transferred to soil. Regeneration potentiality was found to be constant throughout the year in long term cultures.
We report an unusual case of a ruptured primary hydatid cyst of the gallbladder. The sonographic appearance-a distended gallbladder containing an intraluminal mass with undulating membranes in the neck and body-led to the diagnosis of this extremely rare condition.
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Epilepsy is a common problem in the paediatric age group. Imaging plays a vital role in identifying the seizure focus. Cross-sectional imaging modalities like CT and MRI have had a major impact on the management of seizure disorders. MRI, because of its high contrast resolution and multiplanar capability is the ideal imaging modality but its use is restricted due to high cost. Computed tomography is cheaper and is the first, and often, the only modality used, especially in the underprivileged areas of the world. In the tropical countries inflammatory granuloma are a common cause of epilepsy and CT is adequate to detect these lesions. Other causes include congenital abnormalities, neoplastic and vascular causes.
A simple protocol for in vitro mass multiplication of Rauvolfia tetraphylla (Apocynaceae) has been developed. The endophytic microflora was controlled by adopting integrated measures. Multiple shoot development was achieved on MS + Kin (0.1-0.2 mg/l) + BAP (0.4-0.5 mg/l) media. Rooting from in vitro shoots occurred on NAA containing media. In vitro flowering was induced in shoot multiplication media.
We describe a patient with Sjögren's syndrome who died from undiagnosed adrenocortical failure. A positive test for adrenocortical antibody, performed pre-terminally, suggested the underlying diagnosis, which was subsequently confirmed at post-mortem. This case highlights the rare association of Sjögren's syndrome with occult adrenocortical failure. Perhaps a greater awareness of this association and more frequent serological screening are necessary to prevent a fatal outcome.
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and cigarette smoking are epidemiologically associated with cervical cancer. We recently found that HEN-16 and HEN-16-2 HPV type 16-immortalized endocervical cells form tumors after treatment with cigarette smoke condensate and derived 2 tumor cell line cultures, HEN-16T and HEN-16-2T, respectively. Here, we examine the molecular pathologic effect of tumorigenesis. HEN-16T and HEN-16-2T exhibit unchanged status and expression of integrated HPV 16 DNA. However, the expression of the cytokeratin CK7 and CK13 endocervical cell markers is more homogeneous in monolayer and organotypic raft cultures after tumorigenesis. For the effect of retinoic acid on monolayers for growth inhibition, HEN-16T were significantly less sensitive than the normal and immortalized non-tumorigenic cells. HEN-16-2T were completely resistant. Moreover, the rafts from both tumorigenic cell line cultures were resistant to retinoic acid and continued to display thick rafts and homogeneous severe dysplasia/carcinoma in situ. In contrast, the non-malignant HEN-16 and HEN-16-2 rafts were thinner, and treatment with retinoic acid blocked the formation of severe dysplasia, reconstructing an epithelium resembling that of the normal endocervix. Our results support the significance of non-viral factors in the mechanism by which cigarette smoking induces tumorigenesis in the late stages of HPV-initiated progression to cervical cancer. Importantly, our data indicate that the sensitivity to retinoic acid of the HPV-containing endocervical cells is lost following tumorigenesis in vitro and possibly in women.
Prostate specific antigen (PSA) has become a mainstay in the diagnosis and management of patients with prostate cancer. We have found, as have others, that it may be elevated in patients with prostatic inflammation. Ten patients had clinical evidence of prostatitis and elevated PSA levels. Six of these had persistently elevated levels after antibiotic treatment. After transrectal ultrasonography and biopsy, two had findings of adenocarcinoma, and the rest had a pathologic diagnosis of acute or chronic prostatitis. We studied this process in an experimental model of prostatitis using a nonhuman primate. We infected six cynomolgus monkeys and followed their PSA levels until resolution of the infection. The PSA peaked between 5 and 7 days after inoculation and gradually returned to baseline in 8 weeks. The dramatically elevated serum PSA levels in bacterial prostatitis can cause confusion in the diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma.
A fifty-five-year-old man presenting with unilateral renal colic and ureteral obstruction was found to have ureteral metastasis from a primary gallbladder carcinoma. This appears to be the second report of such a case in the English literature.
A case of renal cell carcinoma arising in a horseshoe kidney and presenting with a pathologic fracture of humerus is reported. Relevant literature is discussed.
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Two cases of squamous cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid stroma are presented. One tumor was located in the soft palate that metastasized to a neck lymph node; the epithelial and the spindle cell component of the tumor at the primary as well as at the metastatic site showed ultrastructural features of squamous cell carcinoma. The other case, a laryngeal tumor with spindle cell stroma, was shown by ultrastructural studies to be composed of proliferating fibroblasts. The diagnostic problems and the controversies regarding classification and behavior of these rare tumors of upper respiratory tract and upper gastrointestinal tract are discussed.
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The authors describe the use of dual-phase intravenous CT angiography of the pelvis in two female patients, who presented with ongoing excessive vaginal bleeding, to demonstrate large adnexal and uterine arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Power Doppler was used as the initial modality to diagnose the AVMs. CT angiography, along with 3-D rendering in the form of maximum intensity projections and shaded surface display, were especially useful for anatomical conceptualization to the gynecologist. This greatly helped in the subsequent management in the form of therapeutic embolization in both patients by reducing the time, radiation dose, and contrast required for the procedure. Subsequent surgery, which was required in both patients (due to failed embolization), was also greatly aided by the demonstration of the exact extent of the AVMs on axial CT images. Thus, CT angiography emerged as an impressive non-invasive imaging modality for the complete evaluation and management of the uterine AVMs.
Abdominal tuberculosis continues to be endemic in the developing world and has shown a resurgence in the West. Computed tomography (CT) evaluation is singularly informative as it demonstrates involvement of the bowel, peritoneum, lymph nodes, and solid organs in a single examination. A spectrum of CT findings in an immunocompetent population is presented, ranging from subtle to advanced and common to rare. Genitourinary tuberculosis and tuberculosis in AIDS are excluded as they merit separate discussions.