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Biomedical subjects

D Sauter

Publications and source records attributed to D Sauter.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Sensor fault diagnosis based on energy balance evaluation: application to a metal processing.

This paper deals with the design of a residual generator for fault detection and isolation in the dynamic closed-loop systems based on the balance of energy which "enters" and "leaves" plants. The main contribution of this paper consists in developing a suitable fault detection and isolation technique to detect faults in single-input single-output closed-loop system based on major signals without the requirement of an accurate static or dynamic model. Indeed, in the absence of conventional input-output models, the proposed method involves the on-line energy balance evaluation to detect a sensor fault. The application to the monitoring of a galvanizing line in steel industry shows the effectiveness of the suggested approach when a sensor fault occurs.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Long-term effects of vasopressin on the subcellular localization of ENaC in the renal collecting system.

Previous studies revealed that chronic (days) vasopressin treatment stimulates amiloride-sensitive sodium transport in isolated renal cortical collecting ducts and increases the abundance of beta- and gamma-subunits of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in the kidney. The aim of the present work was to investigate in vivo the cellular basis of these effects. The long-term effect of V2 vasopressin agonist (1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (dDAVP)) on the abundance and subcellular localization of ENaC along the rat renal collecting system was determined by immunohistochemistry and laser confocal microscopy. Moreover, we studied by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction the effect of vasopressin on proteins implicated in the regulation of ENaC (Nedd4-2, prostasin, Sgk1). After 5 days of administration, dDAVP markedly increased the intracellular pool of the beta- and gamma-ENaC subunits in the principal cells, with an increasing gradient from connecting tubule to the outer medullary collecting duct, but did not increase any subunit at the cell surface. The apical immunostaining of ENaC increased in response to sodium restriction, as expected, but dDAVP did not further enhance this apical labelling. dDAVP increased the gene expression of prostasin in the cortex but not that of Nedd4-2 and Sgk1. These findings suggest that the previously reported increase in sodium transport induced by sustained stimulation of vasopressin V2 receptor is probably mediated by other mechanism than an increase in the apical density of ENaC.

Aldosterone↗
PubMed1994

Association between reported use of inhaled triamcinolone and differential short-term responses to aerosolized albuterol in asthmatics in an emergency department setting.

Forty-four adult patients with acute asthma were treated with albuterol at a rate of 15 mg/h over 2 h. Analysis of covariance showed a significantly higher baseline adjusted mean for both percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (PFEV1) (p = 0.045) and percent predicted forced vital capacity (PFVC) (p = 0.022) at 50 and 110 min for the patients who reported triamcinolone use. Although heart rates decreased overall during the first hour of albuterol treatment, a rise in mean heart rate occurred during the second hour of treatment only in patients reporting triamcinolone use (p = 0.005). After accounting for the effects of parenteral corticosteroids, the effect of reported triamcinolone use remained significant. These data suggest that use of inhaled corticosteroids in this context may be associated with enhanced local and systemic beta-responsiveness, and if a causal relationship could be confirmed, this may constitute yet another advantage of early inhaled corticosteroid treatment in asthma. These data also suggest that chronotropic effects of high-dose albuterol should be monitored in patients using inhaled triamcinolone.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Continuous versus intermittent albuterol nebulization in the treatment of acute asthma.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To compare bronchodilation, chronotropic effects, and side effects of the same dose of nebulized albuterol when given by either intermittent or continuous administration. DESIGN: A randomized assignment of patients to one of the two methods of albuterol nebulization. SETTING: Adult emergency department in an urban public hospital. TYPE OF PARTICIPANTS: Adult patients with acute exacerbations of asthma. INTERVENTIONS: Administration of 30 mg albuterol given over 110 minutes by either continuous or intermittent aerosolization. MEASUREMENTS: FEV1, forced vital capacity, heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured immediately before treatment and then hourly for two hours. Side effects, symptoms, subsequent admission, and discharge also were noted. MAIN RESULTS: An overall significant decrease in heart rate was observed, indicating the lack of significant chronotropic effects with this dose of albuterol. Both treatments resulted in significant spirometric improvement without a significant treatment difference for the entire group. A difference, however, was found in the relative rates of FEV1 improvement with the two treatments depending on whether patients had an initial FEV1 less than or more than 50% predicted (P = .05). A secondary analysis on patients with an initial FEV1 less than percent predicted demonstrated a higher rate of percent predicted FEV1 increase with the continuously nebulized albuterol group (P = .03). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that albuterol can be given safely at this dose by either intermittent or continuous nebulization. Future studies should examine whether continuous nebulization has a reproducible advantage over intermittent nebulization in patients with more severe obstruction.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Acquired traumatic pulmonary arteriovenous fistula: case report.

Post-traumatic pulmonary arteriovenous fistula, a rare entity, was treated in a 35-year-old HIV-positive man by transcatheter embolization. When seen 4 months later, the patient had florid Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Generally, pulmonary angiography demonstrates such fistulae when they are not visible on chest roentgenograms. This diagnosis should be considered in patients with penetrating chest trauma when suggestive clinical or radiologic signs are present.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Hypersensitivity to common indoor aeroallergens in asthmatic patients.

To study whether inhalant allergy to specific allergens is associated with inner city asthma, adult emergency room asthmatic patients (n = 41), and controls (n = 34) were examined for immediate hypersensitivity to six common indoor allergens using both skin tests and serologic tests. A highly significant association was observed between cat epidermis-specific IgE and asthma (P < .01) and this constituted the strongest association for a single allergen. The pooled variable of IgE to cat and/or dog epidermis had an even stronger disease association (P < .001). The presence of IgE to other allergens and the presence of two or more positive IgE tests did not enhance this association. After inclusion of three other significant covariates (elevated serum total IgE, longer duration of residence in the New York City area, and family history of atopic disease) in a logistic prediction model for asthma, skin test-detected IgE to cat and/or dog remained significantly associated with asthma (odds ratio 8.4, P = .019). A higher proportion of asthmatic patients had both IgE to cat and/or dog allergen and ongoing historical exposure to pets and/or rodents compared with controls (P < .005). Skin testing in general distinguished asthmatic patients better than serologic tests. These results suggest that inner city asthma in adults during a nonpeak pollen period is associated with hypersensitivity to specific indoor allergens. The potential to use environmental control to ameliorate disease in such patients may have significant health care implications.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Analysis of eye tracking movements using innovations generated by a Kalman filter.

A simple but efficient algorithm has been developed for computer analysis of eye tracking movements. The program separates smooth pursuit and saccadic eye movements. Separation of the two components is achieved using a two-step process of saccade detection. First, an AR model of the velocity of the smooth component is identified and used to determine a Kalman filter. Secondly the innovation sequence generated by this filter allows saccade detection. The precise beginning and end of each saccade are found using a Hinkley algorithm. Examples are given of analysis procedure for eye tracking of a random moving target. The method proved to be highly reliable and could be easily extended to other eye movements such as nystagmus.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1990

The new non-traditional student in nursing.

Because different types of new, non-registered nurse students seek baccalaureate nursing education, this study was conducted comparing traditional undergraduate generic students with a group of non-traditional students to dispel myths and to develop policies and educational strategies. Traditional and non-traditional students were differentiated by age, sex, marital status, and experience in higher education. Traditional and non-traditional undergraduate students were compared on demographic variables, educational goals, sources of psychological and financial support, study habits, learning style, and clinical judgment skills. Non-traditional students were found to be an excellent risk for admission, having higher semester grade point averages and being more skilled in making professional judgments. Learning style differentiated traditional and non-traditional students, however, teaching methods were similar. Suggestions for educational planning and policies are made. Let the curriculum of the institution recognize that both educational content and process must be relevant to individual differences and that the curriculum is basically what different individuals do to learn what they need to learn, to fulfill the purposes that brought them to the college (Chickering, 1974).

Counseling↗
PubMed1989

Methemoglobinemia resulting from smoke inhalation.

Methemoglobinemia following fire exposure is largely unrecognized. Fire related morbidity and mortality are customarily attributed to thermal injury, associated trauma, and carbon monoxide poisoning. More recently, cyanide poisoning has been described from the inhalation of hydrogen cyanide liberated from of burning plastics (1). Symptoms of tissue hypoxia and cyanosis resulting from methemoglobinemia may be difficult to diagnose in the presence of thermal injury, cyanide and/or carbon monoxide poisoning. Relatively low levels of methemoglobin could complicate concomitant carbon monoxide poisoning by additive or synergistic effects on oxygen binding and delivery. We report 3 cases of significant methemoglobinemia (levels of 19, 12, and 12%) in survivors of a dwelling fire and review the literature with regard to this phenomenon.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Hematologic aspects of toxicology.

Exposure to a number of toxins may result in a variety of hematologic abnormalities. Derangements of the synthesis of cellular elements, a shortened red cell half life, abnormalities of coagulation, and interference in oxygen-carrying capacity are some of the pathologic effects. Pharmacologic agents, heavy metals, and animal and insect venoms are among the toxins implicated in the production of hematologic abnormalities. This article focuses on some of these issues.

Blood↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiopulmonary arrest following an infusion of calcium 2-amino ethanol phosphate.

The intravenous infusion of calcium 2-amino ethanol phosphate was coincidental with cardiopulmonary arrest in a 53-year-old woman with a history of multiple sclerosis. Resuscitation was followed by massive hemolysis, renal failure, adult respiratory distress syndrome, shock liver, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. This agent, in use by at least one practitioner in West Germany for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders is not FDA approved for use in the United States, nor is clinical investigation underway. It is currently thought to be in use by about 200 practitioners throughout this country as treatment for multiple sclerosis. It is apparently obtained in West Germany and brought illegally into the United States. This is the first known report of an adverse drug reaction associated with the use of this product.

Acute Kidney Injury↗