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D Shanley

Publications and source records attributed to D Shanley.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

A comparative evaluation of computer literacy amongst dental educators and students.

A task-oriented questionnaire was designed, aiming to quickly assess competence with the use of computers. The questionnaire consisted of distinct computer-related skills, representing various competences in educational computer use. A total score from 0 to 49 was calculated upon completion of the questionnaire, based on the sum of all the positively identified competences. The questionnaire was distributed to an international group of leading dental educators during the DentEd Global Congress in Prague in 2001 and to a cohort of first year dental students (2001) in the Dental Faculty, University of Malmo, Sweden. Certain attitudes towards the role of information and communication technology (ICT) in dental education were also measured through Visual Analogue Scales in the educator's group. A total of 149 questionnaires were collected from the educators' group and 58 from the dental students. There was no significant difference in the average computer competence score between the two groups. The educators' group average score was 20.7 (SD 9.9) and students' average was 18.1 (SD 8.5). A significant positive correlation (r = 0.395277, P < 0.0001) was found between the competence measured by the questionnaire and the year of graduation in the educators' group. The attitudes towards the role of ICT in dental education amongst the educators were very positive, regardless of their competence with computers, year of graduation or academic position. The results from this study indicate that there is wide diversity in computer competence amongst both students and academic staff. In addition, students' actual competence in the use of computers might not be as high as is often perceived through self-assessment and ordinal scales.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Differentiation of Candida dubliniensis from Candida albicans on staib agar and caffeic acid-ferric citrate agar.

The methods currently available for the identification of the pathogenic yeast Candida dubliniensis all have disadvantages in that they are time-consuming, expensive, and/or, in some cases, unreliable. In a recent study (P. Staib and J. Morschhäuser, Mycoses 42:521-524; 1999) of 14 C. dubliniensis and 11 C. albicans isolates, it was suggested that the ability of C. dubliniensis to produce rough colonies and chlamydospores (chlamydoconidia) on Staib agar (SA) provided a simple means of differentiating it from its close relative C. albicans. In the present investigation, we examined the colony morphology and chlamydospore production of 130 C. dubliniensis and 166 C. albicans isolates on SA and on the related defined medium caffeic acid-ferric citrate agar (CAF). All of the C. dubliniensis and C. albicans isolates produced chlamydospores on the control medium, i.e., rice-agar-Tween agar. However, while none of the C. albicans isolates produced chlamydospores on either SA or CAF, 85.4 and 83.8% of the C. dubliniensis isolates produced chlamydospores on SA and CAF, respectively. All of the C. albicans isolates grew as smooth, shiny colonies on SA after 48 to 72 h of incubation at 30 degrees C, while 97.7% of the C. dubliniensis isolates grew as rough colonies, many (65%) with a hyphal fringe. In contrast, 87.4% of the C. albicans and 93.8% of the C. dubliniensis isolates yielded rough colonies on CAF. Although the results of this study confirm that SA is a good medium for distinguishing between C. dubliniensis and C. albicans, we believe that discrimination between these two species is best achieved on the basis of colony morphology rather than chlamydospore production.

Agar↗
PubMed2000

Delusion and desire: erotomania revisited.

OBJECTIVE: This paper examines the phenomonology in a case of erotomania and reviews classical and contemporary treatment options. METHOD: A case of primary erotomania is described. RESULTS: Treatment with hospitalization and risperidone produced rapid clinical improvement. CONCLUSION: Atypical antipsychotic drugs may be useful in the treatment of this interesting syndrome.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1998

Simple, inexpensive, reliable method for differentiation of Candida dubliniensis from Candida albicans.

Candida dubliniensis is a recently described pathogenic species which shares many phenotypic features with Candida albicans, including the ability to form germ tubes and chlamydospores. These similarities have caused significant problems in the identification of C. dubliniensis by the average clinical mycology laboratory. To facilitate the differentiation of these species, we investigated the growth of 120 isolates of C. dubliniensis and 98 C. albicans isolates at 42 and 45 degrees C on Emmons' modified Sabouraud glucose agar (SGA) and 10 isolates of each species in yeast-peptone-dextrose broth. None of the C. dubliniensis isolates grew on the agar or in the broth medium at 45 degrees C, while 11 isolates were capable of growing on SGA at 42 degrees C. In contrast, all of the C. albicans isolates but one grew at 45 degrees C on or in either medium. These reproducible results clearly demonstrate that the incubation of isolates suspected to be C. dubliniensis or C. albicans at 45 degrees C provides a simple, reliable, and inexpensive method for the differentiation of the two species.

Candida↗
PubMed1997

Molecular and phenotypic analysis of Candida dubliniensis: a recently identified species linked with oral candidosis in HIV-infected and AIDS patients.

The discovery and characterisation of a novel species of Candida, termed Candida dubliniensis, associated with oral candidosis in HIV-infected individuals is described. These organisms share several phenotypic characteristics in common with Candida albicans and Candida stellatoidea, including the ability to produce germ tubes and chlamydospores. However, in contrast to these latter two species, C. dubliniensis isolates produce abundant chlamydospores, which are often arranged in contiguous pairs, triplets and other multiples suspended from a single suspensor cell. They belong to C. albicans serotype A and exhibit atypical substrate assimilation profiles. Genomic DNA fingerprinting analysis with the C. albicans-specific probe 27A and five different oligonucleotide probes consisting of short repeat sequence-containing motifs, demonstrated that C. dubliniensis has a distinct genomic organisation relative to C. albicans and C. stellatoidea. This was confirmed by karyotype analysis and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Comparison of 500 bp of the V3 variable region of the large ribosomal subunit genes from 14 separate C. dubliniensis isolates and the corresponding sequences from C. albicans, C. stellatoidea, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. kefyr and C. krusei demonstrated that the C. dubliniensis isolates formed a homogenous cluster (100% similarity), representing a discrete taxon within the genus Candida that was significantly different from the other species analysed.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1996

Persistence, replacement, and microevolution of Cryptococcus neoformans strains in recurrent meningitis in AIDS patients.

Six separate human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients with cryptococcal meningitis were each found to have been infected with a unique strain of Cryptococcus neoformans on the basis of genomic DNA finger-printing analysis with the microsatellite sequence-containing oligonucleotide probe (GGAT)4 and by random amplification of polymorphic DNA. Two patients (A and B) experienced a recurrent episode of infection. Between 12 and 16 single-colony isolates recovered from primary isolation media (> 50% of C. neoformans colonies recovered) from cerebrospinal fluid specimens were fingerprinted from both patients during each episode. The fingerprints of both isolate collections from patient B were very similar, although minor polymorphisms were evident in both sets of profiles. The fingerprints of the isolate collection from the initial episode of infection in patient A were also identical to each other, apart from minor polymorphisms, but they were clearly different from the corresponding profiles of the isolate collection from the recurrent episode, the latter of which were completely identical, apart from minor polymorphisms in a single isolate. Furthermore, prolonged storage and in vitro subculture of the isolates did not alter the fingerprint profiles. These results provided convincing evidence that patients A and B were each infected with a single C. neoformans strain during each episode of infection and that in patient B, the same strain persisted and caused both episodes, while in patient A, a different strain was responsible for each episode. The prevalence of polymorphisms in multiple single-colony isolates from both patients also suggested that C. neoformans populations may undergo microevolution.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1993

Oligonucleotide fingerprinting of isolates of Candida species other than C. albicans and of atypical Candida species from human immunodeficiency virus-positive and AIDS patients.

Oligonucleotide fingerprinting of genomic DNA from oral isolates of four different Candida species other than C. albicans and atypical chlamydospore-positive isolates from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals and AIDS patients was investigated as a means for differentiating between isolates within individual species. Oligonucleotides composed of simple repetitive sequence motifs, including (GACA)4, (GATA)4, (GGAT)4, (GTG)5, and (GT)8, all yielded fingerprints suitable for strain segregation of 8 C. tropicalis isolates, 12 Torulopsis (Candida) glabrata isolates, 8 atypical Candida isolates, and, except for (GATA)4, 2 C. krusei probe in turn and so generate several distinct DNA fingerprints of the same DNA sample. However, none of the probes yielded fingerprints suitable for strain segregation with three C. parapsilosis isolates. The (GATA)4 probe was also used to detect restriction fragment length polymorphisms among a genetically closely related group of atypical Candida isolates on primary isolation from an additional HIV-infected patient. These chlamydospore-positive atypical Candida isolates were sucrose positive, were of C. albicans serotype A, hybridized weakly with the C. albicans-specific mid-repeat sequence probe 27A, and yielded fingerprint profiles by random polymorphic DNA analysis that were distinct from those derived from C. albicans isolates. The C. stellatoidea ex-type strain NCPF 3108 was indistinguishable from the atypical Candida isolates in all these tests and also yielded an identical carbohydrate and nitrogen source assimilation profile by using the ID 32C yeast identification system.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1991

Insertional inactivation of the Staphylococcus aureus beta-toxin by bacteriophage phi 13 occurs by site- and orientation-specific integration of the phi 13 genome.

Lysogenization of Staphylococcus aureus by the serotype F converting bacteriophage phi 13 results in loss of beta-toxin expression. Sequence analysis of the S. aureus beta-toxin gene (hlb), the attachment site (attP)-containing region of phi 13 DNA and the chromosome/bacteriophage DNA junctions of a phi 13 lysogen, revealed that the molecular mechanism of loss of beta-toxin expression was due to insertion of the phi 13 genome into the 5' end of hlb. The insertion site (attB) within hlb contained a 14 base pair core sequence in common with attP and both ends of the integrated linear prophage genome of a phi 13 lysogen. These findings indicate that integration of the phi 13 genome into hlb is site- and orientation-specific.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Relationship of gingival thickness and bleeding to loss of probing attachment in shallow sites following nonsurgical periodontal therapy.

Periodontal sites of shallow initial probing depth often seem to lose probing attachment following various types of periodontal therapy, including nonsurgical therapy. The susceptibility to this treatment-associated probing attachment loss may conceivably be related to gingival architecture as well as to the inflammatory status of the tissues. This study was designed to study the relationship of buccolingual gingival thickness and bleeding on probing in shallow buccal sites (less than or equal to 3.5 mm probing depth) to loss of probing attachment following nonsurgical therapy. 3 months following treatment consisting of oral hygiene instruction and supra- and subgingival debridement, thin (less than or equal to 1.5 mm), initially non-bleeding sites displayed a mean loss of probing attachment of 0.3 mm. Thick (greater than or equal to 2.0 mm), non-bleeding sites displayed a less noticeable mean loss of probing attachment, whereas bleeding sites of both categories of gingival thickness showed a tendency towards gains in probing attachment levels. It may be concluded that the mean loss in probing attachment levels, commonly seen for shallow sites post-therapy, may be primarily due to the changes in shallow, thin healthy areas.

Adult↗