PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D Shapiro

Publications and source records attributed to D Shapiro.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

The symptomatic lumbar spine in the athlete.

The lumbar spine is resistant to serious injury in normal athletic activity, but it can often be symptomatic. Although the symptoms are frequently musculotendinous in origin, it is important that structural causes be recognized early, particularly in the skeletally immature athlete. In the mature athlete, it is important to be aware of the normal aging process and the resultant structural changes that occur in the lumbar spine. Accurate assessment of this process is often necessary for sound management.

Aging↗
PubMed1988

Influence of whole body protein turnover rate on resting energy expenditure in patients with cancer.

Whole body protein turnover and resting energy expenditure are measured simultaneously in weight stable and weight losing patients with lung (n = 22) or colorectal cancer (n = 38). These results were compared with those from weight stable and weight losing non-cancer controls (n = 22). Rates of whole body protein turnover were calculated from the plateau isotopic enrichment of urinary ammonia and urea following a primed, continuous, 24-h infusion of [15N]glycine. Resting energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry. All groups of cancer patients had significantly elevated rates of whole body protein turnover (P less than 0.05) and synthesized, on average, 1.9 g/kg/day more protein compared with weight stable non-cancer controls. In contrast, the resting energy expenditure of cancer patients and controls was similar. Moreover, there was no correlation between individual rates of whole body protein turnover. Thus, although cancer patients had rates of whole body protein turnover which were 50-70% greater than controls, this did not result in a measurable increase in resting energy expenditure. The assumption that elevation of whole body protein turnover or resting energy expenditure causes weight loss in cancer patients must be an oversimplification. An acute phase protein response was observed in the majority of cancer patients. Although the presence of such an inflammatory response did not correlate with the rate of whole body protein turnover, the role of inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of disturbed protein metabolism in cancer patients merits further investigation.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Rapid, sensitive detection of plasma IL-1 by extraction and bioassay.

A method for separating IL-1 from plasma inhibitors by silica extraction has been developed and coupled to a highly sensitive bioassay using the LBRM TG6 cell line and the I1-2 dependent HT2A cell line. Using this assay we have detected IL-1 activity in plasma from patients undergoing elective surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Psychophysiological reactivity to mental arithmetic stress in black and white normotensive men.

Racial differences in physiological responses to a behavioral stressor were examined. Thirty-four Black and 42 White male normotensives 34 to 55 years old (mean age = 43.01 years) performed a mental arithmetic task while blood pressure, heart rate, and skin conductance were recorded. Compared to Whites, Blacks had significantly higher baseline diastolic blood pressure (77.93 mm Hg vs. 73.11 mm Hg) and lower skin conductance levels (11.08 microS vs. 12.25 microS). These effects persisted during performance of the mental arithmetic task. However, when baseline differences were covaried, there were no significant physiological effects associated with the task. Analysis of changes in response levels from baseline revealed a nonsignificant trend for Whites to show greater increases in systolic blood pressure than Blacks. There were no significant race or family history effects. Further, task performance did not influence the outcome. Failure to demonstrate greater cardiovascular reactivity in Blacks and all men with a positive family history of hypertension is discussed with regard to possible "survivor effects" and methodologic limitations.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Mental and physical stress as moderators of the postural response in insulin-dependent diabetic patients.

Two simple stressors, mental arithmetic and isometric handgrip, were studied as moderators of the physiological response to standing in insulin-dependent diabetic patients and in healthy controls. Continuous (beat-to-beat) measures were taken of heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and skin conductance (SC) during postural change under baseline and stressor conditions. Diabetic patients without symptoms of neuropathy and healthy controls showed generally similar responses to postural change and to the stressor conditions. SBP and DBP were more responsive to the mental and physical stressors than were HR or SC, especially after standing. Two diabetic patients with postural hypotension showed significant increases in overall BP levels and less of a fall in BP during postural change under the stressor conditions, despite minimal HR or SC responses. Results indicate that these strategies are effective in increasing BP during postural change in both diabetic and nondiabetic individuals and may be useful in the management of orthostatic hypotension.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Sealed versus unsealed knitted Dacron prostheses: a comparison of the acute phase protein response.

Twenty patients were randomized to receive either an untreated Dacron aortic bifurcation graft (n = 10), or a similar graft impregnated with gelatin (n = 10). Venous blood samples were taken preoperatively and at frequent intervals until five weeks after surgery. C-reactive protein (normal range less than 10 mg/l) and alpha l-acid glycoprotein (normal range 0.3-1.0 g/l) were measured. The peak mean value of C-reactive protein for the sealed group was 226.3 +/- 49.2 mg/l and 221.3 +/- 56.4 mg/l for the unsealed group. The corresponding values for alpha 1-acid glycoprotein were 1.49 +/- 0.25 g/l and 1.44 +/- 0.3 g/l. The C-reactive protein response returned more quickly to normal, with only two patients in each group having a slightly elevated response after four weeks, while the value for alpha l-acid glycoprotein remained elevated at five weeks for the same two patients in each group. There was no significant difference between the serum acute phase protein response in either group. This suggests that a knitted Dacron graft sealed with gelatin does not exaggerate the inflammatory response.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1987

Recognizing the temporomandibular joint ganglion.

A case report of a cystic preauricular mass that changed in size and position with jaw movement is presented. This tumor proved to be a ganglion of the temporomandibular joint (TM) cyst, which is relatively rare. When a preauricular mass retrudes into the masseter muscle in jaw opening, pathological conditions associated with the TMJ should be considered. Ganglion cysts of the TMJ are a benign pathological entity which can mimic parotid tumors. Temporomandibular joint radiography and perhaps ultrasonography of the region are useful in the preoperative evaluation of preauricular masses. The TMJ ganglion cyst can be successfully treated by direct excision and repair of the joint capsule. This approach avoids the potential morbidity of a superficial parotidectomy.

Female↗
PubMed1987

Low-back pain in pregnancy.

Two hundred women were interviewed within 24-36 hours after giving birth. The patients were not examined. It was found that 56% of the patients suffered from low-back pain during pregnancy. The percentage of Caucasians was statistically higher in the back pain group. The percentage of Hispanics was statistically higher in the no pain group. Among the variables that were compared in both groups were the age, the weight gained by the mothers during pregnancy, the baby's weight, the number of previous pregnancies, number of prior children. None of the variables reached a statistically significant level. The pain group complained of pain the low-back area, which radiated in 45.5% of cases to the lower extremities. In about one-third of the patients the pain increased as the day wore on, whereas in another one-third the pain increased during the night and disturbed sleep. Standing, sitting, forward bending, lifting, and walking tended to increase the pain. Most of the patients started suffering from back pain between the fifth and seventh months of pregnancy. Several theories to explain the occurrence of backache during pregnancy are discussed.

Back Pain↗
PubMed1987

Legging orthosis for venous and lymphatic insufficiency.

Presented are the description and advantages of a unique compression device in the form of a legging for the treatment of venous and lymphatic insufficiency. It consists of a number of pliable, unyielding, adjustable compression bands, from the knee to the instep. The bands are easily closed, tightened, and opened, which is particularly useful for the physically handicapped patient for whom the commonly prescribed elastic stocking is inappropriate because of the difficulty in putting it on and removing it. The effectiveness of the legging is enhanced by its nonelasticity, as has been long proven by the Unna boot, and its ability to maintain an unreduced compression level throughout its lifetime, regardless of edema changes.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed1987

Radial nerve damage as a complication of elbow arthroscopy.

Posterior interosseous nerve damage following elbow arthroscopy occurred in a 20-year-old athlete. The course of the radial nerve brings it in proximity to the puncture site when the dorsoradial approach is selected. This case emphasizes the importance of careful attention to vital structures if the complication of a posterior interosseous nerve syndrome is to be avoided.

Adult↗