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Biomedical subjects

D Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to D Sharma.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Serum & tissue magnesium content in patients of aluminium phosphide poisoning and critical evaluation of high dose magnesium sulphate therapy in reducing mortality.

Role of high dose magnesium sulphate therapy was evaluated in 50 patients of Aluminium Phosphide (AIP) poisoning. Simultaneously serum and RBC magnesium levels were studied in these patients at six different points within first 24 hours. In non-survivors magnesium content of various tissues (brain, stomach, kidneys, liver, lungs and heart) was also estimated. Magnesium estimation (tissue as well as serum) was done using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. No significant difference was found in dose related mortality rates in patients treated with and without magnesium sulphate. The immediate causes of death in these patients included intractable shock, shock coupled with arrhythmias and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Serum as well as RBC magnesium content was within normal range at all the six points (0, 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours after arrival in hospital). Tissue magnesium content of various organs (in non-survivors) was more (p < 0.01) compared to that of corresponding organs in controls (accidental deaths). No significant alterations were seen in other serum electrolytes (Na, K, Ca, PO4). The data confirmed that neither there was any evidence of hypomagnesemia in these patients nor magnesium sulphate therapy improved survival. Survival can be improved (to some extent) with continuous cardiac monitoring and use of appropriate anti-arrhythmic agents. However, imposition of stringent restrictions on the free supply of AIP and caging of tablets in plastic packs with holes and spikes may yield better results in preventing AIP poisoning rather than treating these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

How do mothers recognize and treat pneumonia at home?

Two hundred mothers of children under five years of age having lower respiratory tract infection were interviewed with the help of pretested unstructured questionnaire to know the danger signs perceived by her in a child suffering from pneumonia and the home remedies used by them before seeking medical help. 'Pasli Chalna' and refusal to feed were the most common symptoms perceived as dangerous. 'Pasli Chalna' correlated with retractions in 91.9% and fast breathing in 8.1% cases. Honey (25%) and Ginger (27%) were the most common home remedies used for relief of cough. Self advised medications were used by 24% mothers and majority (58.4%) gained this knowledge from mass media.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1994

A study of childhood tetanus in post-neonatal age group in Delhi.

A study was conducted in tetanus in the postneonatal pediatric age group between January, 1989 and June, 1991. Clinical profile of 55 patients was studied and outcome during this period was compared with previous years (1986-88). Although, an overall decline in total admissions was noted, only a modest decline in mortality was observed. All the patients but one were either unimmunized or incompletely immunized. More than 40% patients were from Delhi. Otorrhea was common (49.1%) in these patients. Primary immunization with booster dose in the community is stressed. Children with aural discharge should be taken as a high-risk group for tetanus and be evaluated for immunization at first visit.

Child↗
PubMed1993

ARI control programme: results in hospitalized children.

One hundred cases of pneumonia with chest indrawing were treated according to the treatment protocol of the ARI control programme. The majority of children were > 2 months old (85 per cent) with male predominance (61 per cent). All cases with severe pneumonia survived. A mortality rate of 7.7 per cent was seen in cases of very severe pneumonia. Three children in the severe pneumonia group deteriorated on benzyl penicillin to very severe pneumonia but subsequently improved on chloramphenicol. Six patients were treated as cases of Staphylococcal pneumonia and one of them died. Thirteen children (21.3 per cent) in the severe pneumonia group required oxygen for breathing rates > 70 per minute. Seventy-four per cent in the very severe pneumonia group required administration of IV fluids. Blood counts did not prove to be of help in differentiating the children at risk of dying. There was no significant difference in roentgenographic findings in the two groups. Congestive cardiac failure was the most common complication, seen in 33.3 per cent of cases of the very severe pneumonia group. The duration of stay was significantly less in cases of severe pneumonia (4.21 +/- 1.59 days) as compared to very severe pneumonia (9.35 +/- 2.39 days). The data from this study suggest that the treatment protocol for the ARI control programme for hospitalized children is reasonably effective and can be implemented in small hospitals.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Comparative evaluation of dopamine infusion & treadmill exercise tests in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease.

Dopamine infusion test (DIT) was compared with treadmill exercise test (TMT) in 20 patients of chronic stable angina (TMT +ve) for inducing reversible myocardial ischaemia so as to assess its efficacy as an alternative to TMT in patients who cannot perform exercise test due to certain non-cardiac diseases. DIT was positive in 15 of the 20 patients studied; five patients in whom DIT was negative had late onset, early offset changes in TMT. Haemodynamically the increase in heart rate (HR) was less but rise in systolic blood pressure (SBP) was more with dopamine infusion in comparison to the corresponding stage of TMT. However, evidence of myocardial ischaemia (ST segment depression) appeared at a lower rate pressure product (RPP) with dopamine infusion compared to exercise test. The test was tolerated well, in higher doses (stages III & IV) side effects like ventricular ectopic beats, palpitation and angina not warranting stoppage of test, were seen in some patients. Dopamine infusion is a good chemical stress test, and can be used as an alternative to TMT especially in situations where the latter cannot be performed. The test is simple, cost effective, non-invasive and well tolerated.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1993

Duodenal string test in typhoid fever.

Twenty five children between 4-12 years of age hospitalized with a clinical diagnosis of enteric fever were studied for evaluating the practicality and sensitivity of duodenal string-capsule culture (DSCC) and compared with conventional cultures from blood (BC), urine (UC) and stool (SC). Duodenal string capsule (DSCC) was successfully inserted in 18 patients (72%). Insertion of DSCC failed in 7 patients (28%) and all of them were below 6 years of age. Salmonella typhi was isolated from DSCC and/or BC in 13 cases (72.2%). DSCC was positive in 11 out of 13 confirmed cases of typhoid fever (84.6%). BC was positive in 8 cases (61.5%). DSCC was successful in isolating the organism in about 30% more cases than BC. Duodenal string test was a simple, non-invasive and a reliable test which when used in combination with BC could identify almost all cases of enteric fever irrespective of duration of fever and prior use of antibiotics.

Bile↗
PubMed1993

Behavior problems among preschool children.

Of 200 preschool children (aged 3-6 years) screened in the Pediatric Outpatient Department, over a period of six months, 44 (22%) had behavior problems. The prevalence of behavior problems was higher among boys. Second-born boys and the eldest girls had a higher prevalence of temper tantrums, destructive nature, difficulty in management and hyperactivity. Fearful reactions and attention seeking behavior was encountered only in girls. Behavior problems were more common in children from nuclear families and a lower socio-economic status.

Child↗
PubMed1993

Effect of atenolol and labetalol on serum lipids.

Adverse alterations in lipid profile suggesting higher atherogenicity were observed following 12 weeks treatment with atenolol in patients of hypertension. No significant alterations in lipid profile were observed with labetalol therapy.

Atenolol↗
PubMed1992

Multichamber intracardiac thrombi in a patient without any predisposing cardiac or non-cardiac disease.

A patient who developed multichamber (left ventricle, right ventricle, right atrium) intracardiac thrombi without having any predisposing cardiac or non-cardiac disease is discussed. The thrombi were diagnosed echocardiographically and confirmed histopathologically. The occurrence of multichamber mural thrombi without any predisposing disease is extremely rare. Risk factors for their development have been reviewed.

Blood Coagulation Tests↗
PubMed1992

Lentivirus induced arthritis in animals.

Retroviral arthritis in sheep and goats depends on persistent infection in the animals. Virus is latent in macrophage precursor cells and viral replication is initiated when these cells are induced to differentiate. Antiviral antibodies and cytokines modulate the efficiency of viral gene product expression. Specific cytokines induced during replication of the lentivirus in mononuclear cells are also responsible for directing infected cells from peripheral blood through the vascular endothelium to particular tissues. Cytokines induced by other infectious agents such as bacteria, mycoplasma or protozoa, may also contribute to this chemotactic process. Once in the tissue, macrophages interact with lymphocytes to induce an inflammatory cascade with further production of cytokines which enhances expression of class II major histocompatibility complex antigens and proliferation of B and CD8 lymphocytes. In addition, immune complexes between viral glycoproteins and immunoglobulins are produced locally and probably lead to further enhancement of pathological changes in the tissues.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed1992

Myelofibrosis.

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Biopsy↗