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Biomedical subjects

D Shea

Publications and source records attributed to D Shea.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Educational attainment, occupational history, and stratification: determinants of later-life economic outcomes.

Determinants of economic well-being among men 25-44, 45-64, and 65+ were examined using data from the 1984 panel of the Survey of Income and Program Participation. A path analysis explored race, education, and occupational history effects on income adjusted for annuitized assets, household composition, and underreporting of unearned income. Direct and total education effects were undiminished among elderly persons, whose income derived mainly from benefits and assets, as compared with the nonelderly subjects whose income was dominated by earnings; education explained more of the variance in adjusted income for the elderly group than for the nonelderly. While Social Security income exerts an equalizing effect across educational attainment groups, private pensions and other important retirement income sources were highly education-dependent, producing a high overall degree of stratification on early-established socioeconomic characteristics.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

How are pediatric training programs preparing residents for practice?

The majority of pediatric residents continue to choose a career in practice on completion of their training. Despite knowing residents' career preferences, many training programs have focused on inpatient tertiary care at the expense of primary care. Perhaps this reflects service needs and the significant technology and extensive information resulting in the growth of pediatric subspecialties. To determine the spectrum of didactic and clinical experiences pediatric training programs offer residents to prepare them for managing a practice, we conducted a survey of pediatric training program directors in 1988. Although the majority of residency programs have a practice management curriculum, the number of hours devoted to this area is minimal. In addition, a significant number of residents are not experiencing a community office rotation. This survey indicates the need to develop a practice management curriculum if trainees are to be prepared for choosing the right career and for being competitive in practice.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1990

Testicular infarction in the newborn: ultrasound findings.

Three patients with neonatal testicular torsion and infarction (two bilateral, one unilateral) are presented with a distinctive sonographic appearance. All five testes appeared inhomogeneously hypoechoic and each was surrounded by a brightly echogenic rim. Whereas surgical exploration was required in the past to establish the diagnosis of testicular infarction in the neonate, sonographic demonstration of the abnormality in the appearance of the testicular parenchyma permits nonoperative diagnosis. Because surgical salvage of the testis in the setting of neonatal extravaginal torsion is thought to be quite rare, the necessity of removing the testis is less clear when the diagnosis is established preoperatively.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Cumulative advantage, cumulative disadvantage, and inequality among elderly people.

It is often asserted that economic inequality narrows after age 65 when benefit programs replace labor markets as principal income sources. However, analysis of recent Census data suggests inequality is greatest among elderly people. The worst off one-fifth of the elderly (disproportionately unmarried women, minorities, and the physically impaired) receives 5.5% of the elderly's total resources, whereas the best off one-fifth receives 46%. Equalizing effects of Social Security are more than outweighed by private pensions, asset income, and other sources. Findings suggest a process of cumulative economic advantage and disadvantage throughout the life course.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Traffic safety effects of sobriety checkpoints and other local DWI programs in New Jersey.

We examined the efficacy of three Driving While Intoxicated (DWI) programs in New Jersey from 1980 through 1985, using covariance analysis of county data. Road blocks, the major component of the Strike Force program, were associated with a drop of 10-15 per cent in the single vehicle nighttime crash rate and showed a relatively stable effect over time. DWI Task Force, an education program, was associated with a 6-10 per cent total decline in the crash rate and declining impact over time. SOBER, another education program, was associated with a small effect in the first year and little or no effect thereafter.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1986

New poly(A)+RNAs appear coordinately during the differentiation of Naegleria gruberi amebae into flagellates.

We have examined the nature of the requirement for RNA synthesis during the differentiation of Naegleria gruberi amebae into flagellates (Fulton, C., and C. Walsh, 1980, J. Cell Biol., 85:346-360) by looking for poly(A)+RNAs that are specific to differentiating cells. A cDNA library prepared from poly(A)+RNA extracted from cells 40 min after initiation of the differentiation (40-min RNA), the time when formation of flagella becomes insensitive to inhibitors of RNA synthesis, was cloned into pBR322. Recombinant clones were screened for sequences that were complementary to 40-min RNA but not to RNA from amebae (0-min RNA). Ten of these differentiation-specific (DS) plasmids were identified. The DS plasmids were found to represent at least four different poly(A)+RNAs based on cross-hybridization, restriction mapping, and Northern blot analysis. Dot blot analysis was used to quantify changes in DS RNA concentration. The four DS RNAs appeared coordinately during the differentiation. They were first detectable at 10-15 min after initiation, reached a peak at 70 min as flagella formed, and then declined to low levels by 120 min when flagella reached full length. The concentration of the DS RNAs was found to be at least 20-fold higher in cells at 70 min than in amebae. The changes in DS RNA concentration closely parallel changes in tubulin mRNA as measured by in vitro translation (Lai, E.Y., C. Walsh, D. Wardell, and C. Fulton, 1979, Cell, 17:867-878).

Amoeba↗
PubMed1979

Endolymphatic hydrops and otitis media.

Clinical observation of patients with fluctuant sensorineural hearing loss following or occurring with chronic otitis media led to the hypothesis that endolymphatic hydrops can result from chronic otitis media. Illustrative case reports are described. This hypothesis resulted in a temporal bone study of 560 cases in which 109 temporal bones demonstrated the presence of hydrops and 194 evidenced otitis media. Seventy-five cases demonstrated both otitis media and hydrops, of which 20 cases were selected for more detailed histopathological study. An interesting finding was the presence of apical hydrops in every case of the latter group. Statistical interpretation of this data helped rule out a coincidental or chance occurrence. A discussion of this clinical relationship included the significance of subclinical (silent) otitis media as a possible cause of endolymphatic hydrops.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Dimensions of the subjective marijuana experience.

A Drug History Questionnaire and a Marihuana Effects Questionnaire were completed by 91 male volunteers who were experienced marijuana smokers. A factor analysis was performed on the frequency of occurrence data for the Marihuana Effects Questionnaire. The resultant factors were similar to those reported previously in the literature supporting the existence of a stable, verbally definable marijuana experience. In comparison to the drug history variables of marijuana smokers in the late 1960s, our population showed increased multiple drug use, an earlier age of introduction to cannabis, and heavier use of cannabis. An analysis of the interaction of drug history variables with experienced marijuana effects suggested that the more frequently one uses cannabis, the less pronounced the experienced effects tend to be.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The effect of marihuana intoxication on blood pressure.

Forty-eight experienced marihuana smokers were assigned to one of four groups: coltsfoot, placebo, low dose marihuana and high dose marihuana. While both marihuana groups showed significant increases in subjective ratings of intoxication and pulse rate, blood pressure readings were unaffected or showed a modest decrease. This latter finding is discrepant with previous studies and is explained in terms of a drug X person interaction present in those studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Odor and marijuana intoxication.

Assigned 48 volunteer adult males to four groups: a marijuana high dose, a marijuana low dose, a placebo, and a coltsfoot group. Each S participated in two 80-minute sessions; one involved listening to music, socializing, and smoking the drug, and the second was identical to the first with the addition of two extra placebo cigarettes which contained finely cut amounts of human hair. The odor of burning hair was rated previously as quite aversive by non-intoxicated Ss. Contrary to expectation, Ss in the odor condition indicated on self-ratings that they became significantly more intoxicated after the smoking of the hair cigarette. The opposite effect was found with a pulse rate measure. An additional 24 Ss were divided into high and low dose marijuana groups and run in an odor session, in which they were informed prior to smoking of the hair content. Heart rate for these Ss decreased significantly more than for the comparable uninformed Ss, although self-ratings continued to reflect increased intoxication.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Negative expectancy as a mediating variable in marihuana intoxication.

Sixty experienced marihuana smokers participated in a study designed to assess the effect of a negative expectancy on marihuana intoxication. Two different environments, threat of shock and no-threat, were used under the drug conditions of marihuana and placebo. Ss came into the laboratory and adjusted a level of shock received at their fingertips, to a point of mild discomfort. Only those Ss in the threat groups were given the expectation that they would receive the shock at random times during the sessions. Results show that Ss in the marihuana threat group got subjectively less intoxicated, found the environment less pleasant, and yet had higher pulse rates than did Ss in the marihuana no-threat group. The results are discussed in terms of a cognitive component, and specifically that of labelling, in the determination of level of intoxication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Voluntary heart rate changes and the marihuana "high".

Investigated the interaction of psychological and physiological measures of the marihuana intoxicated state. The subjective measure of intoxication was the "How High" Scale, a rating of percentage of the S's usual "high." The objective measure was pulse rate, which has been found to be the most consistent physiological indicator of marihuana intoxication. By means of biofeedback techniques, Ss in the experimental group were taught to increase voluntarily pulse rate when intoxicated. A control group attended to feedback, but did not manipulate pulse rate. Group comparisons of the dependent measures demonstrated that while both groups experienced a similar subjective "high", the experimental group demonstrated a significantly higher pulse rate. This discrepancy between objective and subjective measures demonstrates the complexity of the intoxicated state.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Ménière's disease in children.

Approximately 3% of all patients with Meniere's disease are in the pediatric age group. These children require extensive evaluation. A history of physical or acoustic trauma should be sought and an allergic work-up should be obtained. A search for metabolic disturbances and identification of inflammatory disorders is also necessary. If a treatable etiology is identified, specific therapy should be directed toward its control. If, after careful evaluation, the etiology remains obscure, non-specific therapy should be instituted in an effort to alleviate the symptomatology of Meniere's disease. Surgical decompression of the endolymphatic sac and drainage into the mastoid cavity results in relieving the symptoms, particularly vertigo, and appears to be efficacious in patients who have failed diligent attempts at medical therapy.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

The disruption of marijuana intoxication.

Ninety-six males Ss were divided into four drug conditions; coltsfoot, placebo, marijuana low dose, and marijuana high dose. Half of the Ss smoked marijuana while listening to music in a relaxing environment, and half smoked marijuana in the same environment but had two 10-min periods of aversive-noise superimposed over the music. A subjective measure of intoxication demonstrated significant drug and environmental group effects with suppression of self-report of intoxication being especially strong for the marijuana low dose noise group. The usual positive correlation between subjective measures and pulse rate measures of marijuana intoxication was interfered with by the noise effect. Although subjective ratings were suppressed, the noise group demonstrated significantly higher pulse rates than the music group. The results are discussed in terms of the effect of extraneous factors on marijuana intoxication, the significance of dosage in this type of research, and the nature of marijuana intoxication.

Adolescent↗