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Biomedical subjects

D Shea

Publications and source records attributed to D Shea.

44 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Negative expectancy as a mediating variable in marihuana intoxication.

Sixty experienced marihuana smokers participated in a study designed to assess the effect of a negative expectancy on marihuana intoxication. Two different environments, threat of shock and no-threat, were used under the drug conditions of marihuana and placebo. Ss came into the laboratory and adjusted a level of shock received at their fingertips, to a point of mild discomfort. Only those Ss in the threat groups were given the expectation that they would receive the shock at random times during the sessions. Results show that Ss in the marihuana threat group got subjectively less intoxicated, found the environment less pleasant, and yet had higher pulse rates than did Ss in the marihuana no-threat group. The results are discussed in terms of a cognitive component, and specifically that of labelling, in the determination of level of intoxication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Voluntary heart rate changes and the marihuana "high".

Investigated the interaction of psychological and physiological measures of the marihuana intoxicated state. The subjective measure of intoxication was the "How High" Scale, a rating of percentage of the S's usual "high." The objective measure was pulse rate, which has been found to be the most consistent physiological indicator of marihuana intoxication. By means of biofeedback techniques, Ss in the experimental group were taught to increase voluntarily pulse rate when intoxicated. A control group attended to feedback, but did not manipulate pulse rate. Group comparisons of the dependent measures demonstrated that while both groups experienced a similar subjective "high", the experimental group demonstrated a significantly higher pulse rate. This discrepancy between objective and subjective measures demonstrates the complexity of the intoxicated state.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Ménière's disease in children.

Approximately 3% of all patients with Meniere's disease are in the pediatric age group. These children require extensive evaluation. A history of physical or acoustic trauma should be sought and an allergic work-up should be obtained. A search for metabolic disturbances and identification of inflammatory disorders is also necessary. If a treatable etiology is identified, specific therapy should be directed toward its control. If, after careful evaluation, the etiology remains obscure, non-specific therapy should be instituted in an effort to alleviate the symptomatology of Meniere's disease. Surgical decompression of the endolymphatic sac and drainage into the mastoid cavity results in relieving the symptoms, particularly vertigo, and appears to be efficacious in patients who have failed diligent attempts at medical therapy.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

The disruption of marijuana intoxication.

Ninety-six males Ss were divided into four drug conditions; coltsfoot, placebo, marijuana low dose, and marijuana high dose. Half of the Ss smoked marijuana while listening to music in a relaxing environment, and half smoked marijuana in the same environment but had two 10-min periods of aversive-noise superimposed over the music. A subjective measure of intoxication demonstrated significant drug and environmental group effects with suppression of self-report of intoxication being especially strong for the marijuana low dose noise group. The usual positive correlation between subjective measures and pulse rate measures of marijuana intoxication was interfered with by the noise effect. Although subjective ratings were suppressed, the noise group demonstrated significantly higher pulse rates than the music group. The results are discussed in terms of the effect of extraneous factors on marijuana intoxication, the significance of dosage in this type of research, and the nature of marijuana intoxication.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The relationship between health care reform and nurses' interest in union representation: the role of workplace climate.

Market-based reforms are rapidly changing the landscape of the American health care system. Over the last decade, a great deal of attention has been paid to these reforms, particularly the advent and rapid growth of managed care and the vertical and horizontal integration of provider institutions. The ramifications of these changes on both individual and institutional consumers has also been widely considered by scholars and policymakers. Yet, although these market reforms are driving the massive restructuring of work in hospitals and other health care organizations, comparatively little attention has been paid to the impact these changes have on health care employees and the environment in which they work. This article reports the results of an exploratory study examining the relationship between health care market reforms, nurses' perceptions of the climate for patient care in hospital settings, and nurses' interest in union representation. A model is proposed to help explain nurses' support for union representation in the presence of market-based reforms.

Health Care Reform↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pneumococcal otitis media following middle ear deflation.

Temporal bone histology has been studied in chinchillas following middle ear deflation in the presence of nasopharyngeal colonization with S pneumoniae. All animals sacrificed within one hour following deflation had similar middle ear histology regardless of whether or not the animals had been colonized with S pneumoniae. All animals with negative nasopharyngeal culture for S pneumoniae sacrificed from 3-24 days following - 30 mm Hg negative middle ear pressure had negative middle ear cultures and normal morphology. During the same time period, however, nearly 60% of animals colonized with S pneumoniae developed acute otitis media with positive middle ear cultures for S pneumoniae. Histologic changes in the middle ear included the presence of effusion, leukocytes, granulation tissue, osteoneogenesis, mucosal metaplasia, and hemorrhage. Changes in the inner ear were much less frequent and included some leukocyte infiltration with hyperemia in the scala tympani and and endolymphatic hydrops.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dynamics in drug coverage of Medicare beneficiaries: finders, losers, switchers.

Although the vast majority of elderly Americans have the stability of basic Medicare benefits, Medicare alone offers no protection from the vicissitudes of the market for outpatient prescription drugs. This paper analyzes the sources and stability of prescription coverage maintained by Medicare beneficiaries in 1995 and 1996. The results show that fewer than half of all beneficiaries had continuous drug coverage over this period, while nearly a third gained, lost, or had spells without coverage.

Adult↗