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Biomedical subjects

D Sheldon

Publications and source records attributed to D Sheldon.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Creation, evaluation, and continuing assurance of excellence of the certified surgical specialist.

A position paper on the subject of certified surgical specialists was published in 1966 under the direction of Professor Charles Wells of Liverpool, England. President John Terblanche of the International Federation of Surgical Colleges brought together leaders in surgical education from four nations (Australia, Japan, South Africa, United States) to update current "state-of-the art" views. Presentations were made at the 38th Congress of the International Society of Surgery, August 18, 1999 in Vienna, Austria. After careful review of the four presentations, it was clear that surgeons all over the world have made great improvements in the many facets of surgical education. Yet the advances remain spotty, with gaps noted when viewed from an international perspective.

Australia↗
PubMed1996

Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis or "oriental cholangiohepatitis' in occidentals: case reports of four patients.

The first description of recurrent pyogenic cholangitis occurring in four occidentals is presented. While recurrent pyogenic cholangitis is a common syndrome of uncertain aetiology among orientals (also known as oriental cholangiohepatitis), it has not previously been described in occidentals. Four such patients are described. They presented with recurrent attacks of ascending cholangitis and associated hepatolithiasis, biliary stricturing and dilation. Focal hepatic involvement was treated by segmental liver resection and recurrent disease by interventional endoscopy or radiology.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

MRP (materiel requirements planning) II implementation: a case study.

Manufacturing resource planning (MRP II) is a powerful and effective business planning template on which to build a continuous improvement culture. MRP II, when successfully implemented, encourages a disciplined yet nonthreatening environment centered on measurement and accountability. From the education that accompanies an MRP II implementation, the employees can better understand the vision and mission of the organization. This common goal keeps everyone's energy directed toward the same final objective. The Raymond Corporation is a major materiels handling equipment manufacturer headquartered in Greene, New York, with class "A" MRP II manufacturing facilities in Greene and Brantford, Ontario and an aftermark distribution facility in East Syracuse, New York. Prior to the implementation of MRP II in its Greene plant (from 1988 through 1990) good intentions and hard work were proving to be less than necessary to compete in the global market. Certified class "A" in February 1990. The Raymond Corporation has built a world-class organization from these foundations.

Goals↗
PubMed1987

Post-marketing surveillance of enalapril: experience in 11,710 hypertensive patients in general practice.

Post-marketing surveillance in general practice represents an important part of the monitoring of adverse events associated with newly introduced drugs. Such a study of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril maleate has been undertaken in 11 710 patients with essential hypertension. Serious adverse events occurred in 1.7% of patients, though most of these were not thought to be related to the treatment. The incidence rates of death (0.09%), stroke (0.11%) and myocardial infarction (0.15%) were compatible with rates predicted from age, sex and blood pressure considerations. Other events reported were hypotension (0.3%), angioneurotic oedema (0.03%), rash (0.5%), taste disturbance (0.2%) and cough (1.0%). The degree of blood pressure reduction attained was similar to that previously reported from pre-marketing development studies, as was the overall nature and frequency of both serious and non-serious adverse events. The most frequently reported event during enalapril therapy was of an improvement in well-being (19.8%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Adjuvant and suppressive effects of Grass Conjuvac and other alginate conjugates on IgG and IgE antibody responses in mice.

BALB/c mice were immunized with grass pollen extract (GPE), GPE conjugated to sodium alginate (Conjuvac) or GPE absorbed to aluminium hydroxide gel (alum). Conjuvac was a more potent immunogen than the other two preparations of GPE when anti-GPE IgG antibody levels were compared. In contrast, the highest IgE antibody titres in the Conjuvac treated mice, were some sixteen-fold lower than the highest titres in the mice immunized with GPE in alum. The suppressive effects of Conjuvac on IgE antibody titres were also studied. Mice were immunized with 1 microgram dinitrophenyl (DNP)-GPE in alum and the anti-DNP and anti-GPE IgE antibody titres determined. After 4 and 5 weeks, the mice were injected with GPE or Conjuvac. The Conjuvac and the GPE failed to reduce the ongoing primary anti-GPE IgE responses but both suppressed the secondary responses by up to eight-fold. The suppression was not dose-related however. The ongoing primary and secondary anti-DNP IgE titres were suppressed in a dose-related manner by up to sixty-four fold by Conjuvac but GPE treatment was much less suppressive. We went on to investigate the suppressive properties of DNR-alginate (DNP-alg) conjugates. In these experiments mice were immunized with 1 microgram DNP-ovalbumin (DNP-OA) mixed with alum. After 4 and 5 weeks, the mice were injected with a dose of 6--600 micrograms DNP-alg with an average hapten density of 2 or 10 per alginate molecule. After a further 8 weeks a second injection of 1 microgram DNP-OA was given. All dose levels of both DNP-alg conjugates suppressed the continuing primary as well as the secondary anti-DNP IgE responses. It is concluded that alginate has properties similar to those of known T-cell adjuvants and that Conjuvac may prove useful in the immunotherapy of atopic allergy.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1980

Ige antibody formation in BALB/c mice without adjuvant: induction of responses to grass pollen extract and to a hapten-carrier conjugate.

The IgE antibody responses of inbred BALB/c mice to subcutaneously injected antigens, given without adjuvant, were studied. Cocksfoot grass pollen extract (GPE) (100-100,000 pnu) induced no detectable primary IgE antibody responses but following second and subsequent injections, substantial secondary responses were produced. Weekly injections for 9 weeks of doses of doses of 0.1-10,000 pnu GPE all produced similar IgE antibody titres as measured by 24 h passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in rats challenged with 16,000 pnu GPE. A similar schedule of injections of doses of 10(-10)-10(-5) g of DNP-OA also produced substantial and similar anti-DNP IgE antibody titres as measured by PCA in rats challenged with 1 mg DNP-BSA. As the challenging dose of DNP-BSA used in the induction of PCA was reduced progressively however, the PCA titres of the mouse sera showed more and more dependence on immunizing antigen dose. At limiting doses of antigen in PCA, the serum titres rose to a peak and then declined, as the immunizing dose of DNP-OA used in the mice was progressively increased. The possible implications of these results with regard to our understanding of the IgE antibody response in atopic patients is discussed.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1977

Effect of lung tissue on the inhibitory actions of isoprenaline, theophylline, disodium cromoglycate and PGE1 on antigen-induced mast cell degranulation.

Isoprenaline, disodium cromoglycate and PGE1 poorly inhibit antigen-induced degranulation of sensitised rat peritoneal mast cells, but in the presence of chopped rat lung their inhibitory activities were markedly enhanced. The chopped lung preparation had no effect on degranulation in the absence of an inhibitor and did not enhance the weak inhibitory potency of theophylline. Lung tissue suspensions pretreated with isoprenaline released a factor into the supernatant which enhanced the action of isoprenaline on peritoneal mast cells. The activity of this supernatant factor was destroyed by boiling for 5 min. Supernatant fluid from untreated lung tissue did not itself reduced antigen-induced degranulation or enhance the inhibitory potency of isoprenaline.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The effect of chopped rat lung on the inhibitory actions of prostaglandins, isoprenaline, theophylline and disodium cromoglycate on mast cell degranulation.

Prostaglandins and other drugs that stimulate adenylate cyclase have little inhibitory activity for antigen-induced degranulation of rat peritoneal mast cells. In the presence of chopped rat lung, however, the inhibitory activities of both prostaglandins and isoprenaline were markedly enhanced. A similar effect was also seen with disodium cromoglycate, which is not known to stimulate adenylate cyclase, but which does inhibit cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase. In contrast, however, the chopped lung had no effect on either degranulation in the absence of an inhibitor or on the inhibitory potency of theophylline. Lung tissue suspension pretreated with isoprenaline released a factor into the supernatant which enhanced isoprenaline action on peritoneal mast cells. The activity of this supernatant factor was destroyed by boiling for 5 min. Untreated lung supernatant fluid failed to affect either the level of antigen-induced degranulation or the inhibitory potency of isoprenaline.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗