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Biomedical subjects

D Shirai

Publications and source records attributed to D Shirai.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Plasma interleukin-6 levels in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients.

Plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a cytokine known to be involved in lymphocyte activation and in inflammation, were studied in 10 normal volunteers, 21 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients and 41 hemodialysis patients. Plasma IL-6 levels in hemodialysis patients were significantly higher than those in normal volunteers and CAPD patients (p less than 0.05). The means of plasma IL-6 concentrations before and after hemodialysis did not change significantly. While IL-6 in peritoneal dialysate was detectable in only 3 of the 21 CAPD patients without peritonitis, it was extremely high in 2 patients with bacterial peritonitis. IL-6 levels decreased as peritonitis subsided.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of hemodialysis efficiency by an edema fluid model.

The concentrations of urea, creatinine, and uric acid were measured in edema fluid and plasma during hemodialysis and 18 h after hemodialysis. The concentrations of these solutes in plasma were 15-17% lower than in the edema fluid after hemodialysis. Eighteen hours after hemodialysis, however, the concentrations in plasma were almost the same as those in edema fluid. These data suggest that the removal of these solutes from the extracellular space is delayed during hemodialysis. The plasma concentrations obtained at 18 h after hemodialysis are better indicators of hemodialysis efficiency.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Pharmacokinetics of denopamine in hemodialysis patients.

The pharmacokinetics of denopamine on a hemodialysis day and on an interdialysis day was evaluated in 11 hemodialysis patients. Tmax was the only pharmacokinetical parameter that differed significantly between healthy volunteers and hemodialysis patients. It is suggested that denopamine can be administered to hemodialysis both on hemodialysis days and on interdialysis days without dosage adjustments.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1990

[Renal pelvic tumor in chronic renal failure: report of a case].

A 44-year-old female was admitted because of gross hematuria six years after beginning hemodialysis for chronic renal failure. There was a past history of hematuria one year before admission. Retrograde pyelography, computed tomographic scan and angiography had been performed, and a probable malignant tumor of left renal pelvis had been found in 1986. We recommended surgery at the time, but she refused treatment and was followed up. On June 22, 1987, the patient had a second attack of gross hematuria resulting in bladder tamponade, and hematuria from the left ureteric orifice was confirmed at cystoscopy. Ultrasound showed left obstructive nephropathy. Left nephrectomy was performed because of the presumptive diagnosis of malignant tumor. The histological diagnosis was transitional cell carcinoma of the left renal pelvis. Two courses of M-VAC (methotiexate, vinblastine, adriamycin and cisplatin) chemotherapy were accordingly given postoperatively. The incidence of renal pelvic tumor and its chemotherapy in patients with chronic renal failure are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Effects of latamoxef on in vitro and ex vivo thromboxane A2 generation in human platelets.

Although beta-lactam antibiotics cause similar platelet abnormalities in vitro and in vivo, it is still unclear whether the mechanism(s) leading to the defects in both conditions are the same. The present work compared in vitro and ex vivo effects of latamoxef (LMOX) on aggregation and thromboxane (TX)A2 generation, determined as TXB2 generation. In the in vitro systems, LMOX interfered with both responses induced with all agonists tested (ADP, collagen and thrombin). Furthermore, although LMOX did not suppress arachidonic acid (AA)-induced TXB2 generation, it significantly suppressed the aggregation. In ex vivo systems performed with four healthy subjects, LMOX administration clearly suppressed the ADP-induced responses, but not the responses induced with the other agonists or AA. These differences observed in vitro and ex vivo are discussed from the viewpoint of different action mechanisms of LMOX under the two conditions.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1986

Plasma concentration and peritoneal clearance of oxalate in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).

Accumulation of oxalate, resulting in high plasma levels, is a common finding in end-stage renal disease. We investigated plasma concentration and peritoneal clearance of oxalate in 14 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The plasma oxalate levels in these patients (30.2 +/- 11.2 mumol/l) were as high as those in hemodialysis patients before dialysis (31.9 +/- 11.1 mumol/l). There was a significant correlation between plasma oxalate and urea nitrogen appearance (UNA). Dietary protein seems to be an important oxalate source in these patients, because the UNA reflects protein intake in stable patients. The mean peritoneal oxalate clearance was 6.64 +/- 1.56 l/day, close to the creatinine clearance. These results suggest that the plasma oxalate levels in CAPD patients may be sufficiently high to induce calcium oxalate deposition, and that methods of increasing oxalate removal and reducing oxalate burden are necessary for CAPD patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Hypoxemia and hemodialysis-induced symptomatic hypotension.

We studied a possible involvement of hypoxemia in the pathophysiology of hemodialysis (HD)-induced symptomatic hypotension (SH). SH frequently recurred in 16 of 33 patients undergoing routine HD. These 16 patients showed a significantly (p less than 0.001) lower arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) prior to the start of HD than the remaining 17 patients without SH. This was the case when 10 patients with SH who had no additive risk factors for SH such as older age, excessive fluid loss and autonomic neuropathy were compared with a corresponding 11 patients without SH (p less than 0.001). Sequential monitoring of PaO2 throughout HD using the intravascular O2 electrode revealed that SH was never associated with particular changes in PaO2. The pattern of the decrease in, and the minimum value for, PaO2 during HD was not significantly different between the patients with and without SH. Furthermore, O2 administration during HD failed to prevent the occurrence of SH. These data suggest that pre-existing, but not HD-induced, hypoxemia is profoundly related to the pathophysiology of SH.

Acetates↗