Titanium for reconstruction of cranial defects.
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Humans↗
Biomedical subjects
D Simpson
Publications and source records attributed to D Simpson.
Hostility, hopelessness and deliberate self-harm: a prospective follow-up study.
Sixty-one consecutive patients who presented following an episode of deliberate self-harm (DSH) were assessed on a number of variables, including measures of hopelessness and hostility. Attempts were made to follow all of the patients. Those who were known to have had a further episode of DSH had significantly higher levels of hopelessness and intropunitive hostility after the index episode than those who did not repeat. The question of vulnerability to DSH is discussed as well as the possibility of using measures of hopelessness and intropunitive hostility to identify those at greater risk of repetition.
Adolescent↗
Simpson and 'the discovery of chloroform'.
It is widely accepted that Sir James Young Simpson discovered the anaesthetic properties of chloroform and pioneered its application in surgery and midwifery. The name of Simpson is not infrequently also associated with the discovery of chloroform and of anaesthesia. Simpson certainly did not discover the substance chloroform or anaesthesia, there is doubt as to whether he discovered the anaesthetic properties of chloroform, and he may not have been the first person to administer chloroform anaesthesia to a patient. He did, however, play an important role in the introduction of chloroform anaesthesia particularly in midwifery and obstetrics.
Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
Simple screening tests for the emergency identification of methanol and ethylene glycol in poisoned patients.
We have developed simple and rapid screening tests for methanol and ethylene glycol in plasma of poisoned patients, based on the Toxi-Lab alcohol screening test. The compounds are first converted to formaldehyde, which diffuses from the patient's sample into a glass-fiber test sheet impregnated with Schiff's formaldehyde detection reagent. Subsequent exposure of the test sheet to acid and heat distinguishes formaldehyde from acetaldehyde. We recommend that samples giving positive results be analyzed by another technique to confirm the identity and concentration of the poison for use in prognosis and treatment.
Chromatography, Gas↗
Detection of benzoylecgonine (cocaine metabolite) in urine: a cost-effective low risk immunoassay procedure.
Using Syva EMIT reagents and a Cobas-Bio centrifugal analyser we have developed a cost-effective assay for the detection in urine of benzoylecgonine, one of the main metabolites of cocaine. With this method up to 2470 samples can be assayed with a single 100-test EMIT Kit while maintaining acceptable precision. A mean CV of 7.0% was obtained for the concentration range 240-620 micrograms/l. Comparison of the method with the Abbott TDx system showed good correlation. The Cobas-Bio method is suitable for high-risk urines since heat treatment may be performed prior to analysis.
Cocaine↗
Visualization of antibody binding to the photosynthetic membrane: the transmembrane orientation of cytochrome b-559.
We have used immuno-gold labeling and electron microscopy to study the topography of thylakoid membrane polypeptides. Thylakoid vesicles formed by passage through a French press were adsorbed onto a plastic film supported by an electron microscope grid and processed for single or double immuno-gold labeling. After shadowing with platinum, the inside-out and right-side-out vesicles were identified by their distinctive morphologies. Right-side-out vesicles were labeled by a monoclonal antibody recognizing an epitope located in the trypsin-cleaved, N-terminal portion of the LHC II apoprotein, and by an antibody to CF1. A monoclonal antibody to the alpha-subunit of cytochrome b-559 reacted with a synthetic tridecapeptide corresponding to the C-terminal portion of the polypeptide. Both this antibody and a polyclonal antibody to the synthetic peptide labeled inside-out vesicles exclusively, indicating that the polypeptide C-terminus was exposed on the lumenal (exoplasmic) surface of the membrane.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Determination of metoprolol and its alpha-hydroxy metabolite in urine by direct-injection reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection.
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Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
Freeze-fracture study of plasma membranes in wild type and daunorubicin-resistant Ehrlich ascites tumor and P388 leukemia cells.
The plasma membrane is considered to play a major role in the development and maintenance of the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype, a role which may in part be mediated by an inducible 170 kD transmembrane protein (P-170). The present freeze-fracture study of plasma membranes of daunorubicin-resistant Ehrlich ascites and P388 leukemia cells demonstrated a significant increase in the density of intramembrane particles (IMP) in the P-face, but not the E-face, of resistant sublines compared with wild type cells. Furthermore, a three-dimensional histogram plot of the diameters of P-face IMPs in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells showed the emergence of a subpopulation of 9 X 11 nm IMPs not found in wild type cells. The size of these IMPs would be consistent with a MW of approximately 340 kD, thus indicating that P-170, shown to be present in both resistant cell lines by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining, exists as a dimer in the plasma membrane. Incubation with the calcium channel blocker verapamil, in concentrations known to inhibit daunorubicin efflux in resistant cells, showed evidence of membrane disturbance in the form of IMP clustering in both wild type and resistant Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. However, incubation with daunorubicin itself did not alter the freeze-fracture morphology of the plasma membranes.
Animals↗
Formaldehyde-induced and spontaneous alterations in human hprt DNA sequence and mRNA expression.
Human lymphoblast mutants at the X-linked hprt locus have been examined by Southern blot, Northern blot and DNA sequence analysis. A previous study had shown that approximately a third of the spontaneously-arising mutants and half those induced by formaldehyde showed no alteration in restriction fragment pattern and thus were classified as point mutations. In this report, Northern blot analysis was used to show that these point mutants fall into 4 categories: normal size and amount of RNA, normal size but reduced amounts, reduced size of RNA or no RNA. Sequence analyses of cDNAs prepared from hprt mRNAs were performed on 1 spontaneous and 7 formaldehyde-induced mutants with normal Northern blots. The spontaneous mutant was caused by an AT----GC transition. 6 of the formaldehyde-induced mutants were base substitutions, all of which occurred at AT base-pairs. There was an apparent hot spot, in that 4/6 independent mutants were AT----CG transversions at one specific site. The remaining mutant had lost exon 8.
Base Sequence↗
The effect of chorda tympani section on ipsilateral and contralateral salivary secretion and taste in man.
Bilateral chorda tympani section is an accepted treatment for troublesome sialorrhoea. Nevertheless the effects of this operation have been poorly studied. Twenty patients were studied with unilateral chorda tympani section and a healthy contralateral ear. The effects on ipsilateral and contralateral stimulated submandibular and parotid flow and taste recognition and detection thresholds were measured. Stimulated submandibular flow accounted for only 27% of the total salivary flow. Chorda tympani section had no effect on submandibular flow in seven patients and only reduced submandibular flow by approximately 54% in the remaining 13 patients. No significant effect was observed on ipsilateral parotid flow rate. Electrogustometric taste detection thresholds were more than twice the accepted upper limit of normal on the lesioned side and taste recognition thresholds were also markedly abnormal. Chorda tympani section alone is a poor method of reducing stimulated salivary flow.
Adolescent↗
An evaluation of six methods for the detection of drugs of abuse in urine.
The detection of drugs of abuse in urine by four commercial immunoassay systems (TDx, BCL and PFI-20 opiates, and PFI-20 morphine) and one commercial TLC system (Toxi-Lab) was investigated and results compared with those obtained by a dual-column capillary GC system. The TDx system was the most reliable method for preliminary screening of urines for opiates; all the commercial immunoassay systems gave some results which were at variance with those of the GC. The GC method proved to be more reliable than the commercial TLC system in discriminating between the different opiates and is recommended for identification of drugs of abuse in urine specimens in which positive results have been obtained with preliminary screening procedures.
Dextropropoxyphene↗
Cost-effective assays for use in monitoring carbamazepine, phenobarbital, and phenytoin in serum.
Using Syva "EMIT" reagents and the Cobas Bio centrifugal analyzer, we have developed cost-effective assays for therapeutic drug monitoring of carbamazepine, phenobarbital, and phenytoin. With these optimized methods one can assay up to 2470 samples with a single 100-test EMIT kit with good precision and accuracy. Between-batch CVs, based on results of repeat analysis of routine patients' samples, were 4.6%, 7.0%, and 5.3%, respectively. Results correlated well with those by methods previously used [gas chromatography and fluorescence polarization (Abbott TDx)], but there was a negative bias (-10.9%) of our method for phenobarbital results in patients' samples, as compared with those obtained with the TDx.
Carbamazepine↗
Detection of opiates in urine: a cost-effective low risk immunoassay procedure.
A cost-effective immunoassay for the detection of opiates in urine has been developed using commercial reagents on a centrifugal analyser. Using this method it is possible to assay up to 2470 samples with a 100 test kit while maintaining good precision. A mean CV of 4.2% was obtained for the concentration range 123-573 micrograms/l. The assay is suitable for high-risk urines since rigorous heat treatment may be performed prior to analysis.
Autoanalysis↗
The epidemiology and aetiology of pre-eclampsia.
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Female↗
Phenylketonuria.
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Diagnosis, Differential↗
A method for specific cloning and sequencing of human hprt cDNA for mutation analysis.
A method has been developed for the specific amplification and cloning of human hprt cDNA which can be used for mutant sequence analysis. Messenger RNA is isolated from TK6 lymphoblasts and is used to produce a first strand cDNA with reverse transcriptase primed with oligo dT. Second strand synthesis and subsequent amplification of hprt sequences is accomplished using Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase and hprt-specific primers in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure. Convenient restriction enzyme sites have been built into the 5' ends of the PCR primers to allow cloning of the hprt fragments in M13mp19. Dideoxy sequencing of hprt with specific primers can be carried out using either the PCR reaction product or fragments cloned in M13mp19 as substrate. This general cloning/sequencing method can be used to analyze hprt mutation in human cells obtained both in vitro and in vivo.
Base Sequence↗
Neurotrauma: the Australian experience.
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Accidents, Traffic↗
Postoperative analgesia by continuous extradural infusion of bupivacaine and diamorphine.
Three solutions administered by continuous extradural infusion for postoperative analgesia were compared in a randomized, double-blind manner. All patients underwent major abdominal gynaecological surgery and received 0.125% bupivacaine in 0.9% saline, diamorphine in 0.9% saline (0.5 mg in 15 ml) or diamorphine mixed with 0.125% bupivacaine (0.5 mg in 15 ml), at a rate of 15 ml h-1. The bupivacaine-diamorphine mixture provided significantly superior analgesia compared with either bupivacaine or diamorphine alone. No major side effects were encountered.
Abdomen↗