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Biomedical subjects

D Sinniah

Publications and source records attributed to D Sinniah.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Cerebellar coning and uncal herniation in childhood acute leukaemia.

188 cases of childhood leukaemia came to necropsy at Children's Hospital of Los Angeles between 1965 and 1978. The necropsy records show that cerebellar coning and/or uncal herniation occurred in 5 of 47 cases with central nervous system (CNS) leukaemia and in only 1 of 141 without meningeal or cerebral infiltration. A review of the 168 cases of acute lymphocytic leukaemia treated at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, since 1968 revealed another instance of coning, which occurred in a patient with CNS leukaemia. 4 of these 7 children with coning and/or uncal herniation did not have papilloedema, and the diagnosis was made only at necropsy. Coning was recognized 48 h after lumbar puncture in 2 children. In the other 5 cases, there was no relation between coning and lumbar puncture. This life-threatening complication should be considered before patients with CNS leukaemia are subjected to lumbar puncture.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Resistance of head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis de Geer) to DDT in Malaysia.

A survey of 308,101 schoolchildren conducted in 10 of 11 states in Peninsular Malaysia revealed that 10.7% have Pediculus humanus capitis infestation. The results of treatment with 1%, 2% and 5% DDT in coconut oil in 374 cases reveal cure rates of 3.5%, 15.8% and 51.3%, respectively, suggesting that the head louse has probably developed resistance to this insecticide in Malaysia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Margosa oil poisoning as a cause of Reye's syndrome.

Vomiting, drowsiness, metabolic acidosis, polymorphonuclear leucocytosis, and encephalopathy developed in thirteen infants within hours of ingestion of margosa oil. Liver biopsy of one infant and necropsy examination of ICR strain mice after experimentally induced margosa-oil poisoning demonstrated pronounced fatty infiltration of the liver and proximal renal tubules as well as cerebral oedema. Electron microscopy demonstrated mitochondrial damage. These findings indicate that margosa oil may be involved in the aetiology of Reye's syndrome among Indians in Malaysia.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

Fever in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

In this study among children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, more febrile episodes occurred during induction of remission and relapse than during remission. Infection was mainly responsible for fever during remission, regardless of the neutrophil count. However, during induction and relapse, evidence suggests that the underlying malignancy is the more likely cause of fever if the neutrophil count exceeds 200 per mm3. For all cases, the risk of serious infection was high with severe neutropenia (neutrophil count less than 200 per mm3). Of the organisms identified, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were equally represented. Infection remains a serious problem in the management of children with leukemia.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1981

Intracranial hemorrhage and circulating coagulation inhibitor in beta-thalassemia major.

A syndrome of intracranial hemorrhage with gross prolongation of the prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times, with normal thrombin time, fibrinogen concentrations, and coagulation factor assays is described in four children with homozygous beta-thalassemia. Mixing experiments and plasma thromboplastin inhibition tests revealed a persistent abnormality which was consistent with the presence of a circulatory prothrombinase inhibitor. The origin of this previously unreported inhibitor in thalassemia remains speculative.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1981

Application of a 'standardized factor' to egg counting techniques for better prediction of worm burdens.

The reliability of Stoll's dilution egg count technique, Beaver's direct smear technique and Katz's modified thick smear technique were evaluated on patients with ascariasis. Studies revealed that the modified thick smear technique appears to be more reliable and accurate. The use of these three techniques revealed a significant correlation between the number of eggs per gram (e.p.g.) and worm load. Following the introduction of a standardized factor in a study of 30 patients with worm infections, a highly significant correlation was obtained between the e.p.g. and the worm load for all three techniques. The use of a Standardized Factor is recommended for better prediction of the worm burden. The results of this study reveal that a female Ascaris lumbricoides lays an average of 218,094 (range 82.251-365,200) eggs daily. The ratio of male to female A. lumbricoides was 1 : 1.4.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Elevated IgG and decreased complement component C3 and factor B in B-thalassaemia major.

Serum immunoglobulins, complements C3 and C4 and factor B were assayed in the sera of children with B-thalassaemia major, siblings and matched controls in an attempt to resolve the controversy surrounding the conflicting results reported in the literature. Significantly elevated IgG and decreased C3 and factor B levels were observed in thalassaemic patients who also had a high incidence of HBS hepatitis and other infections. The controversial results probably reflect differences in the incidence of infection, and the presence of circulating immune complexes due to blood transfusions, in the various communities. The alterations in immunoglobulin and complement levels represent a secondary rather than a primary immune disorder.

Complement C3↗
PubMed1981

Epidemiology of Pediculus humanus capitis infestation in Malaysian school children.

A survey of 308,101 primary school children in Peninsular Malaysia conducted in 1979 by the School Health Services, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, revealed that 10.7% of children were infested with Pediculus humanus capitis. The prevalence rate was higher in the economically less advanced states of Terenganu (34%), Kelantan (23%), and Perlis (21%) than in the other states (4-13%). Of 14,233 school children examined in the State of Melaka, 26% of Indians, 18.7% of Malays, 6.1% of Europeans, and 0.7% of Chinese had pediculosis. The prevalence rate, which has remained unchanged over the past 5 years, does not appear to vary with age but is higher in children with long hair and those from the lower socioeconomic groups. Boys have a lower infestation rate than do girls. The higher incidence in Indians and Malays correlates well with their lower socioeconomic status in the community, and their cultural habit of maintaining longer hair than do the Chinese. The difference become less apparent in the higher socioeconomic groups.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

Teratoma in infancy and childhood: a ten-year review at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur.

A ten-year review revealed a similarity in the incidence of teratoma in relation to other childhood tumors in Malaysian as compared with Caucasian children. The most common sites of origin were the sacropcoccygeal, gonadal, and retroperitoneal areas. The reason for the high incidence of retroperitoneal tumor in our series as compared with other countries is not clear. Late presentation and poor followup are associated with poor prognosis.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1980

Hypopyon--an early sign of leukaemic relapse.

A 5-year-old girl with ALL developed leukaemic hypopyon after 33 months of treatment. Bone marrow and CNS relapse developed 3 months later, which was successfully treated. Local radiotherapy did not prevent an ocular relapse 2 months later, and a second course of irradiation was successfully given. She developed a second bone marrow relapse and died about 9 months after hypopyon was first identified. It is postulated that hypopyon may be an early sign of leukaemic relapse.

Anterior Chamber↗