Biomedical subjects
D Smalley
Publications and source records attributed to D Smalley.
Of all analyzers, immunoassay the trickiest.
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False-positive enzyme immunoassay for human immunodeficiency virus due to acute cytomegalovirus infection.
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Lifetime measurements of superdeformed bands in 148-149Gd and 152Dy: Evidence for structure-dependent elongations.
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Direct binding to and tyrosine phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of the type I interferon receptor by p135tyk2 tyrosine kinase.
Binding of type I interferons (IFNs) to their receptors induces rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple proteins, including the alpha and beta subunits of the receptor, the polypeptides that form the transcriptional activator ISGF3 alpha (Stat113, Stat84, and Stat91), and the p135tyk2 and Jak-1 tyrosine kinases. In this report, we demonstrate that the alpha subunit of the type I IFN receptor (IFN-R) corresponds to the product of a previously cloned receptor subunit cDNA and, further, that the p135tyk2 tyrosine kinase directly binds and tyrosine phosphorylates this receptor subunit. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins encoding the different regions of the cytoplasmic domain of the alpha subunit can bind the p135tyk2 contained in human cell lysates. The association between the alpha subunit and Tyk2 was demonstrated by immunoblotting with anti-Tyk2 and antiphosphotyrosine antibodies and by using an in vitro kinase assay. Analogous experiments were then performed with recombinant baculoviruses encoding constitutively active Jak family tyrosine kinases. In this case, p135tyk2, but not Jak-1 or Jak-2 protein, binds to the GST-IFN-R proteins, suggesting that the interaction between these two proteins is both direct and specific. We also demonstrate that Tyk2, from extracts of either IFN alpha-treated human cells or insect cells infected with the recombinant baculoviruses, can catalyze in vitro phosphorylation of GST-IFN-R protein in a specific manner. Deletion mutants of the GST-IFN-R protein were used to localize both the binding and tyrosine phosphorylation site(s) to a 46-amino-acid juxtamembrane region of the alpha subunit, which shows sequence homology to functionally similar regions of other cytokine receptor proteins. These data support the hypothesis that the Tyk2 protein functions as part of a receptor complex to initiate intracellular signaling in response to type I IFNs.
Blood chemistries, serology, and immunology.
Proper blood studies are necessary for the differential diagnosis of many diseases of the eye and visual system. The review of several blood chemistry, serology, and immunology tests is presented here with a brief review of the theory and use of these tests.
Townley anatomic total knee arthroplasty using total tibial component with cruciate release.
The results (average follow-up of 29 months) of the Townley anatomic knee replacement utilizing cruciate release with total tibial component variant is presented in 72 patients with 88 knee replacements. Postoperatively, 94% of the patients had mild or no pain, 99% were able to walk outdoors with minor or no restriction, 82% had flexion of greater than 80 degrees. Ninety-eight per cent of the patients were realigned within 10 degrees of varus/valgus postoperatively. Revision surgery was required in four cases for loosening and in one case for infection. Resurfacing total knee replacements, including the Townley type, appear to be approaching an acceptable level of efficiency and performance, but extensive long-term follow-up is essential for a definitive evaluation of this method.