Biomedical subjects

D Spotti

Publications and source records attributed to D Spotti.

48 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Performance evaluation of reflectance meter for glucose determination by two different reagent strips.

Serum glucose concentrations of 112 blood samples determined by the GOD/POD/Trinder method were compared with values obtained on whole blood by means of the Glucometer reflectance meter and two different reagent strips, Dextrostix and an experimental strip (GX 947822), in order to establish over a wide range of glucose concentrations, the precision and reproducibility of reflectometric methods. The two methods examined showed an excellent correlation with the reference method, particularly if data were corrected for the individual hematocrit value, and both accuracy and precision were reasonably satisfactory.

Blood Glucose↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The regulation of insulin and glucagon secretion by opiates: a study with naloxone in healthy humans.

The presence of beta-endorphin and enkephalin in pancreatic islets suggests that opioid peptides may play a role in the regulation of pancreatic endocrine function. Since data in the literature are rather controversial, we examined the effects of different doses of naloxone on insulin and glucagon secretion in 21 healthy nonobese volunteers (6 women and 15 men) by measuring the variations of insulin and glucagon plasma levels following a 5-g i.v. glucose load before and during a 30-min naloxone infusion. Total amounts of 0.4 and 0.8 mg of naloxone failed to modify serum insulin and plasma glucose responses to glucose challenge. On the contrary, 0.2 mg/kg (i.e. 12-14 mg per subject as total amount) given to 3 women and 6 men led to a glucose-induced insulin release significantly lower than that recorded in basal conditions, with corresponding greater plasma glucose elevation. The suppressive effect of glucose on glucagon concentration was less pronounced during naloxone. Data reported here suggests that inhibition of opiate receptors in human pancreas occurs only with large amounts of naloxone. Moreover, they may indirectly support the stimulatory role of opioid peptides on insulin secretion in man, according to some experimental in vitro and in vivo studies. In addition, naloxone seems to reduce pancreatic A-cell sensitivity to hyperglycemia.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Chronic continuous intraperitoneal insulin infusion (CIPII) in type I diabetic patients non-satisfactorily responsive to continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII).

Six unstable C-peptide negative type I diabetic patients who had been previously treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) for at least one year without achieving satisfactory metabolic control, were admitted to this study and switched to continuous intraperitoneal insulin infusion (CIPII). The results obtained with the two treatments have been compared from the metabolic and clinical points of view. CIPII produced a decrease in HbA1c (p less than 0.05), in MAGE value (p less than 0.005), in the percentage of blood glucose determinations above 14 mmol/l (p less than 0.05) and below 3.9 mmol/l (p less than 0.05); an increase in serum cholesterol, and a decrease in HDL-cholesterol (p less than 0.05) due to a reduction of the HDL2 fraction (p less than 0.01). A mean body weight reduction of 3 kg was observed during CIPII (p less than 0.01), not related to dietary changes or to a reduction of the daily insulin dose. Twenty-four hour metabolic profiles during CIPII showed lower mean plasma glucose (p less than 0.001), serum free insulin (p less than 0.001), blood beta-OH-butyrate (p less than 0.001), and higher serum glycerol (p less than 0.001) as compared to CSII. It is concluded that CIPII may be of clinical value in the out-patient management of unstable type I diabetic patients, and that metabolic modifications induced by CIPII are not limited to changes in glucose utilization and production, but include changes in triglyceride, cholesterol and lipid metabolism which may have clinical relevance.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Free-insulin profiles after intraperitoneal, intramuscular, and subcutaneous insulin administration.

The aim of our study was to compare the time course of plasma free-insulin appearance after injection of equal amounts of insulin into the peritoneal cavity above and below the transverse mesocolon, intramuscularly, and subcutaneously. Seven nondiabetic subjects undergoing cholecystectomy received in random sequence 0.2 IU/kg of insulin into the peritoneal cavity above or below the transverse mesocolon. Concentrations of plasma free insulin were compared with those obtained from seven other nondiabetic subjects after repeated injections of equal amounts of insulin intramuscularly and subcutaneously. Intraperitoneal insulin above the transverse mesocolon yielded a faster rise of free insulin, peaking at 15 min, whereas intraperitoneal insulin below the transverse mesocolon produced a somewhat slower rise, peaking at 30 min. The area under the curves between 0 and 15 min was greater after the injection above than below the transverse mesocolon (P less than .05). Intramuscular and subcutaneous insulin injections resulted in a slower rise of plasma free insulin, peaking at 60 and 90 min, respectively. We conclude that the pattern of insulin appearance in the plasma resembles more closely physiologic events after intraperitoneal than after subcutaneous or intramuscular insulin administration.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiology and demography of uremia: data from the Lombardy Dialysis and Transplantation Registry (RLDT)].

The Lombardy Registry of Dialysis and Transplantation (RLDT) since 1983 has collected data concerning patients affected by end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on renal replacement therapy (RRT) in Lombardy, a region of Northern Italy with 9 million inhabitants. This report illustrates the main features of ESRD patients on RRT: there were 6589 patients undergoing treatment at 31 December 2003, with a prevalence rate of 727 pmp. Patient numbers regularly increased by 4.5%/yr for the last 5 yrs. This phenomenon is probably due to the high incidence rate (172 pmp) of ESRD patients in Lombardy during these years related to a relatively stable mortality rate (15.2%). The increasing incidence is probably correlated to the population's characteristics: higher rates (189-223 pmp) were observed in certain provinces (Cremona, Lodi and Pavia) with a larger elderly population (people >65 yrs = >20%, people <65 yrs = <16%). Of dialysis modalities, 85% of prevalent patients were on hemodialysis (HD), 55% in hospital, and 30% in limited care units. The number of patients treated by peritoneal dialysis (PD) was stable during the last years, but showed a slow percentage decline (15% during 2003) since 1999. However, PD remains the first dialysis modality for 21.4% of new patients, with a wide variability among renal units. Regarding HD, highly efficient techniques (on-line hemodiafiltration (HDF)) represented 19.2%, with a significant increase (1.8%) compared to 2002. During 2003, the number of dialysis units in Lombardy was stable; there was only an increase in facility beds in limited care units in order to treat the increasing numbers of uremic patients.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied