Biomedical subjects

D Stangl

Publications and source records attributed to D Stangl.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1995

Children's mental health service use across service sectors.

This DataWatch explores the roles of human service sectors (mental health, education, health, child welfare, and juvenile justice) in providing mental health services for children. The data are from the first wave of the Great Smoky Mountains Study of Youth, a population-based study of psychopathology and mental health service use among children. The results show somewhat higher rates of mental health service use than has been reported previously, while continuing to show a substantial amount of unmet need, even among children with both a psychiatric diagnosis and functional impairment. The findings point to a significant role for the education sector, suggesting that schools may function as the de facto mental health system for children and adolescents.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Comparison of a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor in a human neuroblastoma cell line (SK-N-MC) and a calcitonin receptor in a human breast carcinoma cell line (T47D).

A specific CGRP-binding protein of M(r) 60,000 has been identified in the human neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-MC. After N-deglycosylation a M(r) of 48,000 was found. The M(r) were indistinguishable from those determined in the human cerebellum. Receptor binding of CGRP is coupled to cyclic AMP formation. The latter is antagonized by hCGRP-I8-37. CT and DAPamide interact only minimally with the CGRP receptor, whereas CGRP and DAPamide are full agonists in T47D cells. The CT receptor on human breast cancer cell line T47D is clearly different from the human CGRP receptor.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1991

Characterization and photoaffinity labeling of a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor solubilized from human cerebellum.

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptors were solubilized from human (h) cerebellum with use of the zwitterionic detergent 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonic acid (CHAPS). Scatchard analysis of equilibrium binding data indicated that the soluble extract contained a single class of CGRP binding sites with apparent dissociation constants of 50 pM for the intact 125I-hCGRP-I(1-37) and 160 pM for the antagonist 125I-hCGRP-I(8-37). Unlabeled hCGRP-I and -II and hCGRP-I(8-37) displaced 125I-hCGRP-I from solubilized CGRP receptors with similar potencies (ID50 = 70-150 pM). Human CGRP-I(15-37), -(21-37), and -(28-37) were less potent (ID50 greater than or equal to 70 nM), suggesting that amino acid residues 8-14 may be important for maintaining high binding affinity. A novel photoreactive analogue of hCGRP-I, 125I-[C gamma-(4-azidoanilino)Asp3] hCGRP-I, was prepared by carbodiimide coupling of 4-azidoaniline to 125I-hCGRP-I. Photoaffinity labeling of soluble CGRP receptors with the photoreactive analogue and analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography revealed three specifically labeled binding proteins with apparent molecular weights (Mr) of 60,000, 54,000, and 17,000. Cross-linking of 125I-hCGRP-I and -II and 125I-hCGRP-I(8-37) to soluble CGRP binding sites using disuccinimidyl suberate revealed three specifically labeled binding proteins with the same Mr. The C-terminal fragment 125I-hCGRP-I(8-37), unlike the intact peptide, was, furthermore, cross-linked specifically to a 95,000 Mr protein. The CGRP receptor is N-glycosylated. Treatment with endoglycosidase F/N-glycosidase F converted the 60,000 and 54,000 to 46,000 and 41,000 Mr components.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Affinity Labels↗

PubMed1991

Methodologic issues in maintenance therapy clinical trials.

In the early 1980s, the National Institute of Mental Health supported a multicenter, randomized, controlled, clinical trial on unipolar and bipolar disorder to evaluate the comparative efficacies of lithium carbonate, imipramine hydrochloride, a lithium-imipramine combination, and placebo in preventing the recurrence of affective disorders. The objective of this report is to present a reanalysis of the relative efficacies of these treatments in patients with unipolar disorder to focus attention on general issues related to the design and conduct of maintenance therapy trials. We show that the earlier conclusions of that study that imipramine and the combination therapy are more effective than lithium and placebo in preventing the recurrence of depression in unipolar patients can be accounted for by alternative explanations that are a consequence of the design of the study. Our findings have important implications for the design, conduct, and interpretation of results of maintenance therapy clinical trials in general.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Major depression and personality disorder.

The authors examined an interview and paper-and-pencil assessment of the DSM-III personality disorders (PDs) in depressed inpatients, and depressed relatives of psychiatric patients and never-ill controls who had a lifetime history of major depression. The rates of PDs according to the Structured Interview for DSM-III Personality Disorders (SIDP) were similar in the two groups, except for borderline PD which was more frequent in the inpatients. Of the individuals with a PD, the patients were more likely than the relatives to have two or more PDs, and the borderline and histrionic patients were more prototypic of these disorders than were the borderline and histrionic relatives. In contrast to the SIDP results, the rates of PDs according to the Personality Disorders Questionnaire (PDQ) were higher in the patient sample. These results thus extend the previously described high rates of PDs in depressed patients to a sample of individuals with a lifetime history of treated or untreated depression, and they suggest that interview assessments of personality may be less sensitive to the state effects of depression than are questionnaires.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Association between post-dexamethasone cortisol level and blood pressure in depressed inpatients.

We examined the clinical data for 230 depressed inpatients who had completed a dexamethasone suppression test (DST) to determine whether those with an elevated post-DST serum cortisol level exhibited any of the classic physiological stigmata of Cushing's syndrome. Hypertension was significantly more frequent among DST nonsuppressors (21.2%) than among normal suppressors (11.3%). Percent blood lymphocyte count was significantly lower among nonsuppressors. Confounders such as gender, age, body weight, and use of antihypertensives did not account for the findings. Implications for morbidity and mortality rates among patients with affective disorder are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

An introduction to survival analysis: statistical methods for analysis of clinical trial data.

The randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) is a prospective study using random assignment of subjects to treatment groups to compare the effect and value of a therapeutic intervention against a control. The RCT is the most definitive clinical research tool for evaluating the efficacy of a new therapy in human subjects. Often the outcome of interest in an RCT is the length of time until an event occurs after treatment or intervention. In this article we introduce statistical methods for evaluating differences in the patterns of time to response between two groups of subjects to determine whether one therapy is better than another. The collection of methods for analyzing such data, known as survival data, is called survival analysis. Using data from a hypothetical clinical trial for the prevention of the recurrence of depression, we illustrate two elementary methods for analyzing survival data. We also discuss generalizations of these methods to incorporate covariates and conclude with a general discussion of clinical trials of psychiatric therapies.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗

PubMed1988

The reliability of the family history method for psychiatric diagnoses.

We evaluated the test-retest interrater reliability of the Family History Research Diagnostic Criteria (FH-RDC) in 58 depressed patients who described 341 first-degree relatives. Reliability was examined as a function of the threshold to determine caseness. In general, diagnostic reliability was good-excellent for specific FH-RDC disorders, but not for the residual category of other psychiatric disorder. A higher diagnostic threshold was associated with greater reliability, especially for the diagnosis of depression. Patient variance accounted for a greater percentage of the disagreements between the interviewers than did rater variance.

Data Collection↗

PubMed1988

Diagnosing personality disorder in depressed patients. A comparison of patient and informant interviews.

Personality disorder (PD) diagnosis were made in 66 depressed patients based on independent interviews of the patient and a close informant. The patients and informants markedly differed in their descriptions of the patients' normal personality. The kappa coefficient of agreement for the diagnosis of any PD was .13, and all kappa values for the individual PD diagnoses were below .35. Informants reported more pathologic conditions than the patients, such that PDs were diagnosed in 57.6% (38/66) of the patients, based on the informant interview, and in 36.4% (24/66), based on the patient interview. We also examined dimensional scores. In general, we found only modest correlations between the patient and informant dimensional scores and that the ratings based on the informant interviews were higher. These results varied by specific PD diagnoses. Consensus ratings, which were based on both sources of information, were sometimes more strongly associated with patient information and sometimes with informant information, and this, too, varied among the different PDs.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Prognostic validity of the familial subtypes of depression.

We examined the prognostic validity of Winokur's familial subtypes of depression in 184 in-patients with primary unipolar major depression. Patients with familial pure depressive disease had a more favorable hospital course and reported less symptoms during a 6-month follow-up evaluation than patients with depressive spectrum disease or sporadic depressive disease. Consistent with previous studies of the validity of the familial subtypes, the use of stringent thresholds to diagnose the patient's relatives increased the validity of classification.

Antidepressive Agents↗

PubMed1987

The prognostic validity of DSM-III axis IV in depressed inpatients.

DSM-III suggests that axis IV should have prognostic value--that patients with higher scores will have a better outcome than patients with low ratings. The authors used axis IV to assign scores to 130 depressed inpatients and examined these scores in association with the patients' course during the index hospitalization and at 6-month prospective follow-up. Higher axis IV scores were associated with more depressive symptoms on hospital discharge, but they did not predict follow-up outcome. These results are consistent with other studies of the prognostic value of ratings of psychosocial stress and indicate that, at least for depression, there is little empirical support for DSM-III's suggestion that stress is a favorable prognostic sign.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1987

An American validation study of the Newcastle Diagnostic Scale. II. Relationship with clinical, demographic, familial and psychosocial features.

We completed the Newcastle Diagnostic Scale on 152 unipolar depressed in-patients: its validity was supported by the findings that endogenous depressives were, in contrast to neurotic depressives, older, more severely depressed, with better social support, fewer life events, less personality disorder, and a lower morbid risk of alcoholism and antisocial personality in their first-degree relatives. The relationship between Newcastle scores and the morbid risk for alcoholism was non-linear, such that a cut-off score of 4, rather than 5, maximised the difference between the endogenous and neurotic groups with respect to familial alcoholism rates as well as other validating variables.

Cognition Disorders↗

PubMed1987

Structure and function of L-lactate dehydrogenases from thermophilic and mesophilic bacteria, V. The complete amino-acid sequence of the mesophilic L-lactate dehydrogenase from Bacillus megaterium.

The complete amino-acid sequence of L-lactate-dehydrogenase from the mesophilic Bacillus megaterium was determined. 92% of the 318 amino acids were established by sequence analysis of the N-terminus, of four CNBr fragments and of one fragment obtained by cleavage with BNPS-skatole. The primary structure was completed by sequencing overlapping fragments obtained by further cleavage of suitable CNBr fragments and BNPS fragments with either trypsin, endoproteinase Lys-C, o-iodosobenzoic acid or hydroxylamine. The C-terminal amino acids were determined by degradation with carboxypeptidase A. The sequence homology between lactate dehydrogenases from B. megaterium and those from other Bacilli is 59-61% and 35-37% to those from higher organisms. The high sequence homology among lactate dehydrogenases from Bacilli, adapted to different temperatures, allows comparative studies of the structural basis of protein thermostability.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1987

Prognostic validity of self-report and interview measures of personality disorder in depressed inpatients.

Presence of personality disorders was assessed with the Structured Interview for the DSM-III Personality Disorders (SIDP) in a series of 78 nonpsychotic inpatients with major depression. Measures of severity of depression were administered at admission, at discharge, and 6 months after admission. Outcome for the depression was especially poor in patients meeting criteria for multiple personality disorders from multiple DSM-III clusters. A subgroup of 38 patients received both the SIDP interview and a self-report measure of personality disorder, the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire. Depressed inpatients who met more than the median number of personality disorder criteria by either measure were approximately half as likely to show improvement at discharge and at 6-month follow-up than were patients with less than the median number of criteria.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

The validity of four definitions of endogenous depression. II. Clinical, demographic, familial, and psychosocial correlates.

Based on a survey of the classic literature and studies examining the correlates of a clinical diagnosis of endogenous or nonendogenous depression, we found 14 variables that should discriminate endogenous and nonendogenous depressives. We applied four definitions of endogenous depression (Feinberg and Carroll, DSM-III, Research Diagnostic Criteria, and Newcastle) to a consecutive series of 152 unipolar major depressive inpatients. We examined the concordance between the definitions and the relationship between each definition and clinical, demographic, family history, and psychosocial factors. The DSM-III and Newcastle definitions were less inclusive than the other two definitions. We found some support for the validity of each of the four definitions. The validity of the Newcastle scale was the most frequently supported, with the endogenous depressives having a lower rate of personality disorder, marital separations and divorces, familial alcoholism, life events, and nonserious suicide attempts.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Body weight and reported versus measured weight loss as confounders of the dexamethasone suppression test.

We examined the association between post-dexamethasone suppression test (DST) serum cortisol and body weight, self-report of weight loss during the episode, and measured weight loss during the first week of admission in a series of 245 depressed inpatients. Data on measured weight loss between two successive admissions was available in a group of 57 depressed inpatients. Reported weight loss during the episode and measured weight loss during the first week of admission were not related to DST nonsuppression. In contrast, DST nonsuppression was significantly more frequent in patients with measured weight loss between two successive admissions. This association was particularly strong in patients with below-average body weight and was practically nonexistent in patients with above-average body weight. Multivariate analysis indicates that a significant association between DST results and weight loss may be missed if self-report is substituted for direct measurement of weight loss and if potential confounders, such as total body weight, age, and sex, are ignored.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Validity of the Hamilton Endogenous Subscale: an independent replication.

We calculated scores on the Hamilton Endogenous Subscale (HES) (Thase et al., 1983) for 252 depressed inpatients. The HES scores were bimodally distributed, and HES classification was significantly associated with endogenous (Research Diagnostic Criteria) and melancholic (DSM-III) subtyping. Based on a cutoff score of 8, HES classification was not associated with either family history of specific psychiatric illness or abnormal dexamethasone suppression test (DST) results. When the cutoff was raised to 10, DST nonsuppression was more frequent in HES endogenous depressives, although we again failed to find an association with a family history of psychiatric disorders.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Life events assessment of depressed patients: a comparison of self-report and interview formats.

Both self-report questionnaires and semi-structured interviews have been employed in past research on the association between life events and psychiatric disorder. We examined the comparability of these two approaches by giving both a self-report life events scale and semi-structured life events interview to 38 depressed patients. About 40% of the items noted on the interview were missed when using the questionnaire. Approximately 15% of the items noted on the questionnaire were errors since the events did not meet the definition or time criteria specified in the questionnaire. Twenty percent of the items noted on the questionnaire were not noted on the interview and may represent underinclusiveness on the part of the interview. The implications of these differences were examined by comparing the association between a variety of demographic and clinical variables and life events under each methodology. There were no significant differences between the two methods except when examining the association between life events and other subjective self-report measures.

Depressive Disorder↗