Biomedical subjects

D Subirá Ríos

Publications and source records attributed to D Subirá Ríos.

18 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

[Volume determinations of the whole prostate and of the adenoma by transrectal ultrasound: correlation with surgical specimen].

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated whether preoperative transrecta ultrasound (TRUS) mesaurements of the transition zone (TZ) and total prostate volumen predict real prostatic weight. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We compare estimated TRUS volumes with surgical specimen weight, in surgically treated patients with localized prostate cancer (group A, n = 33) or benign prostatic hyperplasia (group B, n = 37). The volume was calculated by the ellipsoid formula. Both measurements were compared with surgical specimen weight, assuming 1 as specific prostate weight. RESULTS: Group A: mean prostate measured volume was 38.6 cc. (SD 22.7), mean RP specimen weight was 54,2 g (SD 27.2) (p = 0.001). Total estimated prostate volume underestimated prostatectomy specimen weight by 29%. In order to adequate the estimated volume to the specimen weight, we calculated the formula: estimated prostate weight = 0.95 x prostatic measured volume + 17,657 (p = 0.005). Group B: mean TZ measured volume was 62.8 cc. (SD 23.3), mean adenomectomy specimen weight was 79.9 g (SD 45.9) (p = 0.001). TZ estimated volume underestimated adenomectomy specimen weight by 21%. In order to adequate the estimated volume to the specimen weight, we calculated the formula: estimated TZ weight = 1.67 x TZ measured volume - 24,768 (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: We found significative differences between TRUS measured volumes and real weight of surgical specimen. These differences could be corrected by simple formulas that allow to minimize the observed underestimations.

Aged↗

PubMed2006

[Ethics and training in laparoscopic surgery].

Teaching operative skills are of paramount importance to urology training, specially in the period of time of the residency. Because of that, the introduction of laparoscopy in our surgical activity must be followed by a careful planning of progressive training as an answer to this new need that would be well designed trying not to damage in whatever possible way to the patients operated with this new modality of surgical intervention. In this sense, each case and each indication of laparoscopy must be clarified individually, taking into account the basic principles of medical ethics (beneficency, no maleficency, justice and autonomy). So, it will be neccesary to decide about possible risks due to the experience of the surgeon or due to the modality of surgery. In this article, different options of training plannings in laparoscopy are mentioned taking as a reference the experience in laparoscopic prostatectomy, reasons of "prepared reconversion" are exposed and, finally, the authors explain the discussion about the subject and the extent of information offered to the patients looking for the best possibilities of decision making by the patients.

Humans↗

PubMed2006

[Opened vs. laparoscopic radical nephrectomy in renal adenocarcinoma cost comparison].

PURPOSE: To undertake a cost comparison (cost minimization) between transperitoneal laparoscopic and opened nephrectomy in renal adenocarcinoma treatment. METHOD: Retrospective study on the first 26 patients submitted to LN without intra or postoperative complications in the period 2002-2003, using as control 22 patients treated with ON with the same characteristics and in the same period. Demographic variables were evaluated (age, sex, tumor size, etc.), intraoperative (operative time and fungible material used) and postoperative (length of stay in Postanaesthesic Care Unit, Acute Pain Unit needs and hospital stay). Our Hospital costs plus those imputed during year 2003 to the Urology Service, as well as the cost of fungible material for the same year were applied, carrying out a comparison of costs between both groups. RESULTS: There were no differences between the demographic variables between both groups except in the tumor, bigger size in the opened nephrectomy (p=0,001). Transperitoneal laparoscopic was 29,4% globally more expensive than opened nephrectomy. The transperitoneal laparoscopic intraoperative cost (operating room, anesthesia and fungibles) the exceeded in 151,6% to that of the opened nephrectomy, whereas in the opened nephrectomy the postoperative cost was a 63 % higher than in the transperitoneal laparoscopic cases. CONCLUSIONS: Transperitoneal laparoscopic in our Center is more expensive than opened nephrectomy due to a major occupation of operating room and that the specific fungible material used at the surgical act has a very high cost. It would be necessary to drastically reduce surgical time and decrease fungible material expenses, thus transperitoneal laparoscopic procedure could be competitive in our Hospital.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2005

[Localized prostate cancer treatment in renal transplant patient with high intensity focalized ultrasound (HIFU)].

We report a 62 years old kidney transplant (KT) patient who was diagnosed of localized prostatic cancer (PC) after 6 years of the implant. Transrectal prostatic High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) was applied. Results have been satisfactory, achieving pathologic and biochemical success. The discharge was completed at 24 hs, the morbidity was minimal. We have not found any reference in the literature on the appliance of HIFU in PC KT patients. We think that HIFU may represent a good alternative for these patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2005

[Parameters with possible influence in PSA adjusted for transition zone volume].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of age, digital rectal examination results and prostatic volume on PSA value adjusted to transition zone (PSA-TZ) in the detection of prostatic cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data of 243 patients with serum PSA of 4 to 20 ng/ml who underwent biopsy because of prostatic cancer suspicion are analyzed. In this population, cancer was detected in 62 cases (24.8%). Total prostatic volume and transition zone volume were calculated by transrectal echography applying the ellipsoid formula. RESULTS: Applying lineal regresion analysis, it was found no correlation between age and PSA-TZ (Pearson coefficient 0.00). By dividing these patients among those with normal rectal examination (84%) and those with suspicious digital rectal examination (16%), cutoff values of PSA-TZ were found to be not different by ROC curves analysis for 95% sensitivity varying specificity only among 24 and 26% between these two groups of patients. Prostatic size (< or = or >40 cc) showed that, for obtaining the same 95% sensitivity in the detection of cancer, PSA-TZ value would require to be modified, being 0.17 in large prostates (> 40 cc) and 0.25 in small prostates (< or =40 cc). CONCLUSIONS: The utility of PSA-TZ as a potential predictor parameter of prostatic cancer did not need to be modified with respect to age or to data of digital rectal examination. However, for supporting sensivity of its best cutoff value, PSA-TZ would need to be modified with respect to total prostatic volume.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

[Pediatric renal transplantation from young children donors (aged < or = 6 years). Complications and functional clinical course].

GOALS: To evaluate functional results and complications in a group of pediatric patients who received kidney transplants from donors aged 6 years or less. MATERIAL & METHODS: Thirty-four consecutive renal transplants were reviewed. Of 34 patients, 19 (55.8%) received kidneys from donors aged below 3 years (Group A) and 15 (44.2%) from donors aged 3-6 years (Group B). Long-term functional patient and graft survival results along with complications were compared in both groups. RESULTS: Seven patients in group A (36.7%) had vascular complications, in comparison to 3 in group B (20%, p<0.05). Kidneys preserved in Eurocollins (EC) solution had more vascular complications (35.3%) in comparison to University of Wisconsin (UW) solution kidneys (23.5%, p<0.05). Ten-year graft survival rate in group A was significantly lower in comparison to group B (35.5% vs 58.6%, p<0.05). In relation to preservation solution type used, 10-year graft survival rate was also significantly better in UW group (26.8% vs 63%, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The exclusion of donors younger than 3 years and the utilization of optimal preservation solutions produces a decrease in figures of vascular complications and a significant improvement in graft survival rates.

Actuarial Analysis↗

PubMed2004

[Incidence and significance of "atypical acinar proliferation" in transrectal prostatic biopsies].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of atypical acini in our series, the percentage of prostate cancer and other suspicious or preneoplastic lesions in the successive biopsies and to establish a follow up strategy in these patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A total of 117 patients diagnosed with isolated atypical acini or associated with high grade PIN were obtained from our database, 75 (64%) of these were submitted to at least a second biopsy of the gland. The age, PSA, digital rectal examination (DRE), prostate volume, ultrasound nodule and previous pathological diagnosis were compared with the pathology results of the successive biopsies of the gland. RESULTS: Incidence of atypical acini was 4%. A total of 46.7% of patients undergoing a repeat biopsy presented prostate cancer. We did not find significant differences in the clinical variables studied between patients with or without a definite cancer diagnosis. Patients initially diagnosed with acinar atypia with associated high grade PIN presented a higher incidence of cancer in the repeat biopsy than patients with isolated acinar atypia (p=0.007). A total of 94.3% of all neoplasms diagnosed were detected in the 2nd and 3rd biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with atypical acini are at high risk of having prostate cancer not detected in the first biopsy. They should, therefore, undergo a second biopsy as soon as possible. There is only a very small probability of detecting cancer after the 3rd biopsy.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

[Preservation of the bladder in rectal cancer with prostatic invasion].

Colorectal cancer in the 2nd commonest cancer in Europe. In 5-10% of cases there is infiltration of urological organs. When infiltration affects the bladder or the prostate, anterior pelvic exenteration is the treatment that achieves the largest percentage of tumor free margins and the best 5-year survival. In very select cases of prostatic infiltration, the bladder can be preserved and prostatectomy and abdominoperineal block resection are carried out fulfilling oncological surgical requirements and producing an important improvement in the patient's quality of life. Owing to the very scarce published literature (two articles with three cases) we contribute our experience of 2 patients who received cytoreducing preoperative radiochemotherapy, prostatectomy and block abdominoperineal amputation and intraoperative radiotherapy. We describe the surgical technique used, which is substantially different from standard prostatectomy and requires good coordination between surgeons and urologists.

Humans↗

PubMed2001

[Differences in survival of patients with bladder cancer depending on depth of muscle infiltration].

OBJECTIVE: To study the survival of patients with bladder cancer and infiltration into the muscle who undergo radical cystectomy, documenting any survival difference based on the depth of muscle infiltration (pT2a vs. pT2b). MATERIAL AND METHOD: 109 patients with infiltration into the muscle (T2) in the TUR were treated with radical cystectomy between 1986 and 1996; 39 patients were excluded due to infra-staging and 2 died in the immediate postoperative: 68 patients were eligible for the study. Median follow-up was 51 months. At the time of analysis 44 were alive (2 with tumoral disease and one with a second non-urological tumour), 21 had died (4 for causes other than vesical tumour) and 3 patients were considered lost to follow-up at 3, 31 and 111 months. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the variables were compared with the log-rank test. RESULTS: The 3- and 5-year overall survival of our series was 76% and 62%, while cancer specific survival was 80% and 70% respectively. Cancer specific survival at 5 years by stages was: pT0-83%, pT1-80%, pT2a-66% and pT2b-60% (p = 0.52). The cystectomy specimen (pT0) showed no residual tumour in 15 (22%) patients, and 5-year cancer specific survival in this group was 83% vs. 66% in patients with residual cancer (p = 0.24). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with pT2a and pT2b bladder cancer showed no differences in survival and we believe they should be all included in the same prognostic group (pT2). pT0 patients are a subgroup of patients with significant survival rates in which radical cystectomy should be considered as overtreatment, and a more conservative protocol should be preferred.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

[Treatment of ureteral stenosis with vermiform appendix].

Contribution of one case of iatrogenic ureteral stenosis, successfully managed in a single-kidney patient by substitution with a vermiform appendage. Description of the technique used and brief review of open surgery techniques used in repair of ureteral defects. After a two-year follow-up, the correct functioning of the appendicular graft with preserved renal morphological function is confirmed. Ureteral substitution with an appendage is a good indication for extensive ureteral defects with right mid-ureter location.

Appendix↗

PubMed2001

[Incidence of high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasm in transrectal biopsy of the prostate].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence of high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) in the transrectal prostate biopsies of patients from the Urology department. METHODS: From 1995 to 1999, 2018 patients aged 46-92 years (mean 68 +/- 10) had a transrectal biopsy. Thirty-six percent had a suspicious DRE and the mean serum PSA was 31.7 +/- 152.9 ng/ml. The anatomopathological diagnoses were: a) cancer, b) benign pathology, c) high grade PIN and d) glandular atypia. Statistical analysis using the chi square and Mann-Whitney tests was performed to compare the following variables: age, DRE, PSA, PSAf/PSAt ratio and the finding of a suspicious node on ultrasound. RESULTS: The incidence of high grade PIN in this series was 8% and the incidence of prostate cancer was 38.6%, PIN grade 3 was diagnosed in 94 patients and PIN grade 2 in 67, and was associated with glandular atypia in 13 patients. Patients with prostate cancer were older and showed statistically significant higher PSA, percentage of suspicious DRE, sonographically suspicious nodes, and a lower PSAf/PSAt ratio than the other diagnoses (p < 0.001). Comparison of patients with high grade PIN and those with benign pathology showed no differences for age, DRE, PSA levels and PSAf/PSAt ratio. However, a significantly lower incidence of sonographically suspicious nodes was found (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of high grade PIN was 8%. High grade PIN does not cause sufficient changes in the clinical variables analyzed to suspect this lesion before it is confirmed by the pathological findings.

Aged↗

PubMed2000

[Usefulness of free PSA/total PSA ratio in the diagnosis of prostatic cancer in symptomatic patients with PSA levels ranging from 2.5 to 20 ng/ml].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the value of free PSA/total PSA ratio (fPSA/tPSA) to boost total PSA (tPSA) specificity in the diagnosis of prostate cancer in a series of symptomatic patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Prospective study on 334 patients presenting symptoms compatible with PBH and tPSA (ProStatus, Wallace Oy, Turku, Finland) between 2.5 and 20 ng/ml, and mean age 67.2 +/- 7 (49-87). Patients were divided into 3 groups: Group I (normal DRE and tPSA between 2.5 and 10 ng/ml)--189 patients. Group II (normal DRE and tPSA between 10 and 20 ng/ml)--78 patients. Group III (suspicion DRE and sPSA between 2.5 and 20 ng/ml)--67 patients. For each group, the sensitivity, specificity and ROC curves were calculated for several cut-off values of the lPSA/tPSA ratio. RESULTS: Group I--Prostate cancer was diagnosed in 11% (20/189) patients. Significant differences were found only in the lPSA/tPSA ratio (p = 0.01). Using 27% as the cut-off value, cancer would have been diagnosed in 95% (19 of 20) patients, decreasing the total number of negative biopsies by 21% (39 of 189). Group II--Prostate cancer was diagnosed in 19% (15/78) patients. The only significant differences found were in prostate volume (p = 0.02). Using 30% as the cut-off value, 93% (14 of 15) patients with cancer would have been diagnosed, decreasing the total number of biopsies by 6.5% (5 of 78) and the number of negative biopsies by 8% (5 of 63). Group III--Prostate cancer was detected in 72% (48/67) patients. Significant differences were found in lPSA/tPSA ratio (p = 0.003), prostate volume (p = 0.02) and presence of ultrasound nodes (p = 0.004). Using 25% as the cut-off value, 96% (46 of 48) of patients with cancer would have been diagnosed, decreasing the total number of biopsies by 13% (9 of 67) and the number of negative biopsies by 47% (9 of 19). CONCLUSIONS: We advise use of lPSA/tPSA ratio only in patients with normal DRE and tPSA between 2.5 and 10 ng/ml. Biopsing patients with lPSA percent equal to or lower than 27% would have prevented 23% of negative biopsies while still maintaining a diagnostic sensitivity of 95%.

Aged↗

PubMed2000

[Radical cystectomy in the treatment of cancer of the bladder].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze retrospectively the efficacy of radical cystectomy alone in the treatment of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. METHODS: 125 patients who underwent radical cystectomy were evaluated. The mean follow-up was 62 months. At the time of the study, 65 patients were alive (3 with bladder tumor and 1 with a second primary) and 60 patients had died (50 from bladder cancer and 10 from other causes). Nine patients were lost to follow-up. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for the survival analysis and the log-rank test for the comparison of the variables. RESULTS: The overall survival at 5 years was 50% and the cancer-specific survival was 56%. By tumor stage, the cancer-specific survival at 3 and 5 years were respectively: 83% and 85% for pT1, 78% and 70% for pT2, 52% and 42% for pT3, 24% and 12% for pT4 and 14% for pN+ (p < 0.0001). No differences were found between stages pT2a (73% and 68%) and pT2b (71% and 53%) (p = 0.2). The survival was significantly higher in patients with no residual tumor in the cystectomy specimen (pT0) (93% and 83%) than in those with residual tumor (60% and 53%) (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Radical cystectomy alone in the treatment of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder was found to be effective in patients with tumor stage pT2. It is less effective in patients with tumor in the advanced stages (pT3 or pT4) or lymph node invasion. Radical cystectomy is an overtreatment in patients with no residual tumor in the cystectomy specimen.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗

PubMed1999

[Clinical and ultrasonographic characteristics of prostatic cancer diagnosed with transrectal biopsy].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical, ultrasound and pathological characteristics of patients with prostate cancer diagnosed by ultrasound-guided transrectal biopsy who consulted for lower urinary tract symptoms compatible with benign hyperplasia of the prostate. METHODS: From 1994 to 1998 ultrasound-guided transrectal biopsy of the prostate was performed in 1,548 patients aged 49-90 years (mean age 70 +/- 7). Of these, 613 (40%) were diagnosed with cancer. Biopsy was performed in 161 patients (60%) with elevated PSA but no suspicion of cancer on digital rectal examination, and 452 patients with a suspicious DRE. Only 10 of these 452 patients (2%) had a PSA value within the normal ranges. Ninety-seven percent of the patients with cancer were diagnosed at the first biopsy. RESULTS: The DRE findings were compatible with locally advanced cancer in 25% of the patients. An echogenic nodule was detected in 79%; the nodule was hypoechoic in 93% of the cases. Ninety-four percent of the patients with a suspicious DRE versus 37% of those with a normal DRE showed a nodule on ultrasound (p < 0.001). According to the ultrasound and DRE findings, 41% of the patients had a localized cancer. Cancer was diagnosed in 70% of the patients with a nodule; 51% of the cases had high grade carcinoma (score 8, 9 or 10). Sixty percent of the patients with a suspicious DRE had high grade cancer versus 30% of the patients with a normal DRE (p < 0.001). Twenty-three percent of the patients underwent radical prostatectomy. Only 34% of the patients had a localized tumor. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the tumors of the prostate diagnosed in patients who presented with lower urinary tract symptoms compatible with BHP were high grade and locally advanced and therefore not susceptible to cure. PSA determination and digital rectal examination at the primary care level can be useful in detecting prostate cancer in the early stages without significantly increasing costs.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Hydrodynamic and biochemical adaptation to perfusion pressure profile in isolated hypothermic renal perfusion].

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate hydrodynamic, biochemical and pathologic consequences of positive forced pressure on hypothermic isolated renal perfusions in comparison to softly progressive administration of perfusion solution. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 16 hypothermic experimental pig renal perfusion o 180 min completed under constant flow conditions. A vacuum computer-controlled pump was used. A comparison was performed of the results obtained by two groups of organs (forced perfusion pressure -I.B.- and soft perfusion pressure -I.S.). RESULTS: Even though perfusion flor did not offer significant differences among both groups at the end of the procedure, I.B. group showed medium perfusion pressure and renal vascular resistance values significantly higher. Nitric oxide metabolites concentration was also greater in I.B. group. Finally, these kidneys showed more tubular cell aedema and glomerular shrinkage in comparison to I.S. group. CONCLUSIONS: Sharp and forced hypothermic perfusion of the isolated kidney don't increase flow perfusion values. Inversely, hydrodynamic and pathologic results are worst in comparison to soft and progressive organ perfusion.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Nutcracker's syndrome: demostration with helicoidal TC with volumetric reconstruction "3D"].

The nutcracker's syndrome or phenomenom is defined as the left renal vein compression between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. Diagnosis is uncommon, not only due to its low frequency but for the dificulty to be suspected in usual findings as lumbar pain or hematuria. We present the case of a patient to whom we were able to show mentioned pathology with the helicoidal TC with volumetric reconstruction "3D" (VR).

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Resolution of a case of arterial priapism secondary to bilateral arteriocavernous fistula with selective embolization using reabsorbible material].

Priapism is defined as persistent erection without sexual stimulus. The new classifications make a distinction between venooclusive low flow priapism, isquemic and arterial high flow priapism, non isquemic. The perineal or penis trauma are responsible the most of cases arterial priapism, formation of an arteriocavernous fistula. The diagnosis is clinical, blood gas analysis and colour Doppler ultrasonography of the corpora cavernosa confirmed the diagnosis. The arteriography with selective embolization constitutes a safe and effective therapeutic method. We report one case of arterial priapism secondary to bilateral arteriocavernous fistula resolved with selective embolization using reabsorbible material.

Absorbable Implants↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Incidental prostatic cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence of incidental prostate cancer and PSA ability to predict its presence. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Retrospective study of 862 patients undergoing prostate surgery between 1994 and 1997, both inclusive. Digital rectal examination provided no suspicion of neoformation. Mean age was 68 +/- 7.5 years. Mean PSA, 8.3 +/- 10 ng/ml (Hybritech). 15% patients had previously undergone at least one ultrasound-guided biopsy in the peripheral area. 55% patients underwent retropubic surgery and the remaining 45% prostate transurethral resection. Ultrasound prostate volume for both patient groups was 107 +/- 63 cc and 45 +/- 25 cc, respectively. RESULTS: Incidental cancer was found in 6% patients; 65% were T1a and 35% T1b. Mean PSA concentration in cancer patients was almost significantly (p = 0.05) higher than in patients with BPH. Patients with PSA > 10 ng/ml presented a significantly higher incidence of cancer (p = 0.02). Patients with previous prostate biopsy showed a cancer incidence rate of 12% versus 5% patients with no previous biopsy (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Incidence of incidental prostate cancer was 6%. PSA was not a good predictor of incidental cancer. Patients with PSA > 10 ng/ml, showed higher incidence of cancer. Younger patients with PSA > 10 ng/ml, and at least one negative biopsy of the peripheral area should undergo biopsy of the transitional area prior to surgery.

Aged↗