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Biomedical subjects

D T Anthony

Publications and source records attributed to D T Anthony.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Post-hospitalization treatment adherence of schizophrenic patients: gender differences in skill acquisition.

A cohort of acutely ill, hospitalized patients with chronic psychotic disorders participated in a study of a manualized community reintegration skills training program. Initial data analyses revealed that skill levels improved significantly over the course of treatment, and that higher post-training skill levels were associated with better post-discharge functioning for the group as a whole. Post-discharge treatment adherence rates were dramatically better in females, and analyses were conducted to determine the role of gender. Males and females had different predictors of post-training skill level and post-discharge treatment adherence. In males, who as a group were at higher risk for poor post-discharge outcome, there was a positive association between post-training skill level and post-discharge treatment adherence. Females, on the other hand, showed good post-discharge treatment adherence regardless of post-training skill or symptom levels. This report is consistent with prior studies suggesting that male and female individuals with schizophrenia show differential patterns of social skill, skill improvement, and social adjustment.

Female↗
PubMed1996

Training hospitalized patients with schizophrenia in community reintegration skills.

OBJECTIVE: The study examined the effectiveness of the Community Re-Entry Program, a brief, time-limited skills training module designed to help acutely ill inpatients become engaged in community-based treatment programs. METHODS: Of 84 consecutive admissions to a chronic psychotic disorders unit, 44 completed assessments and attended the Community Re-Entry Program. The program consists of 16 daily small-group therapy sessions that engage the patient in efforts to define discharge readiness, identify symptoms and medication effects, and assist with discharge planning. Skill levels and positive and negative symptoms were assessed on admission and on completion of training, and a subsample of patients received two-week postdischarge follow-up assessments. RESULTS: From admission to discharge, positive symptoms diminished substantially, negative symptoms diminished to a lesser but statistically significant degree, and skill levels increased significantly. Posttraining skill level was predicted by pretraining skill level and level of participation in the skills training module. Patients' symptom levels did not predict participation in the program or skill acquisition. Skill level at discharge was also more predictive of two-week postdischarge community adjustment than were symptom levels. CONCLUSIONS: Although further controlled studies are required to fully establish the efficacy of the Community Re-Entry Program, these data suggest that brief, focused skills training may play an important role in augmenting optimal pharmacotherapy for hospitalized patients with chronic psychotic disorders.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1992

Serotonergic medications for sexual obsessions, sexual addictions, and paraphilias.

BACKGROUND: Paraphilias and related disorders have recently been thought of as sexual addictions. However, it has also been argued that these disorders are sexual compulsions. The question arises as to whether these disorders and obsessive compulsive disorder respond in the same way to pharmacotherapy. METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed outcome in 13 patients who presented with sexual symptoms and were treated with serotonin reuptake blockers. Symptoms were divided into paraphilias, nonparaphilic sexual addictions, and sexual obsessions. RESULTS: Paraphilias had the least improvement, while sexual obsessions had the best response to medication. CONCLUSION: Paraphilias and related disorders may be less responsive than sexual obsessions or compulsions to serotonin reuptake blockers. Perhaps paraphilias and related disorders are on the impulsive rather than the compulsive end of the spectrum of obsessive compulsive disorders. Controlled trials are, however, necessary to replicate these preliminary findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

A molecular defect in virally transformed muscle cells that cannot cluster acetylcholine receptors.

Muscle cells infected at the permissive temperature with temperature-sensitive mutants of Rous sarcoma virus and shifted to the non-permissive temperature form myotubes that are unable to cluster acetylcholine receptors (Anthony, D. T., S. M. Schuetze, and L. L. Rubin. 1984. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 81:2265-2269). Work described in this paper demonstrates that the virally-infected cells are missing a 37-kD peptide which reacts with an anti-tropomyosin antiserum. Using a monoclonal antibody specific for the missing peptide, we show that this tropomyosin is absent from fibroblasts and is distinct from smooth muscle tropomyosins. It is also different from the two previously identified striated muscle myofibrillar tropomyosins (alpha and beta). We suggest that, in normal muscle, this novel, non-myofibrillar, tropomyosin-like molecule is an important component of a cytoskeletal network necessary for cluster formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Neural regulation of properties of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.

During nerve-muscle synapse formation, acetylcholine receptors become localized and modified to allow efficient transfer of information from nerve to muscle. In this paper we summarize our studies on two aspects of receptor modulation--their concentration at synaptic sites and their ability to desensitize in response to prolonged application of agonist. We demonstrate that receptor localization is a complex event which extensively reorganizes the structure of the junctional region. This allows the subsequent influences of contraction to be exerted differently in junctional and extrajunctional regions. We indicate that increases in muscle cell Ca2+ appear to mediate some of the effects of muscle contraction and suggest how regulation of Ca2+ levels may specify junctional and extrajunctional differences. Finally, we discuss the role of receptor phosphorylation in determining the rate of desensitization.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1987

Regulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor phosphorylation in rat myotubes by forskolin and cAMP.

The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AcChoR) from rat myotubes prelabeled in culture with [32P]orthophosphate was isolated by acetylcholine affinity chromatography followed by immunoaffinity chromatography. Under basal conditions, the nicotinic AcChoR was shown to be phosphorylated in situ on the beta and delta subunits. Regulation of AcChoR phosphorylation by cAMP-dependent protein kinase was explored by the addition of forskolin or cAMP analogues to prelabeled cell cultures. Forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase, stimulated the phosphorylation of the delta subunit 20-fold over basal phosphorylation and induced phosphorylation of the alpha subunit. The effect of forskolin was dose dependent with a half-maximal response at 8 microM in the presence of 35 microM Ro 20-1724, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Stimulation of delta subunit phosphorylation was almost maximal within 5 min, whereas stimulation of alpha subunit phosphorylation was not maximal until 45 min after forskolin treatment. Stimulation of AcChoR phosphorylation by 8-benzylthioadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate was identical to that obtained by forskolin. Two-dimensional thermolytic phosphopeptide maps of the delta subunit revealed a single major phosphopeptide. These results correlate closely with the observed effects of forskolin on AcChoR desensitization in muscle and suggest that cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of the delta subunit increases the rate of AcChoR desensitization in rat myotubes.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Transformation by Rous sarcoma virus prevents acetylcholine receptor clustering on cultured chicken muscle fibers.

Acetylcholine receptors aggregate in the membrane of cultured chicken myotubes; the process of receptor clustering can be stimulated by exogenous factors that we, among others, have begun to characterize. Chicken myoblasts transformed by temperature-sensitive mutants of Rous sarcoma virus, such as tsNY68, fuse to form multinucleated myotubes at 42 degrees C, the nonpermissive temperature for transformation. However, tsNY68-infected myotubes do not cluster acetylcholine receptors at 42 degrees C, even in the presence of active clustering agents. This phenomenon is not merely a result of viral infection, since myotubes infected with a transformation-deficient viral mutant, td107A, behave like noninfected myotubes with respect to receptor clustering; thus, the effects of tsNY68 on the clustering process must be mediated by the src gene product. These experiments may provide a method of identifying essential elements of acetylcholine receptor clusters.

Animals↗