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Biomedical subjects

D T Bernhardt

Publications and source records attributed to D T Bernhardt.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Creatine supplementation in high school football players.

OBJECTIVE: To describe creatine supplementation patterns and behaviors associated with creatine supplementation in high school football players. DESIGN: A cross-sectional, multisite, anonymous, descriptive survey was conducted between October 1999 and February 2000. SETTING: 37 public high schools in Wisconsin. SUBJECTS: A total of 1,349 high school football players, grades 9-12. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported prevalence of creatine use, as well as perceived benefits and risks. In addition, sources of information and influence regarding creatine supplementation were assessed. RESULTS: 30% of the respondents reported using creatine. Creatine use was lowest in the 9th grade (10.4%) and highest in the 12th grade (50.5%). 41% of the players at small schools stated they used creatine compared with 29% of the players in large schools. Enhanced recovery following a workout was the most likely perceived benefit of creatine supplementation, while dehydration was cited most often as a risk of creatine use. Users were encouraged to take creatine most often by their friends while their parents discouraged creatine use. CONCLUSIONS: Creatine use is widespread in high school football players. High school football players who use creatine may not be aware of the risks and benefits associated with creatine supplementation. Sports medicine professionals who work with this population need to educate athletes, coaches, and parents about the use of creatine as a performance-enhancing supplement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Organized sports for children and preadolescents.

Participation in organized sports provides an opportunity for young people to increase their physical activity and develop physical and social skills. However, when the demands and expectations of organized sports exceed the maturation and readiness of the participant, the positive aspects of participation can be negated. The nature of parental or adult involvement can also influence the degree to which participation in organized sports is a positive experience for preadolescents. This updates a previous policy statement on athletics for preadolescents and incorporates guidelines for sports participation for preschool children. Recommendations are offered on how pediatricians can help determine a child's readiness to participate, how risks can be minimized, and how child-oriented goals can be maximized.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2001

Strength training by children and adolescents.

Pediatricians are often asked to give advice on the safety and efficacy of strength training programs for children and adolescents. This review, a revision of a previous American Academy of Pediatrics policy statement, defines relevant terminology and provides current information on risks and benefits of strength training for children and adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

General principles in treating soft-tissue injuries.

Most primary care physicians will encounter soft tissue injuries in their office. The acute treatment of these injuries using the acronym RICEM is the most important part of treatment so that the athlete may progress to a more functional phase of rehabilitation in older to allow for a rapid recovery and safe return to sport.

Child↗
PubMed1995

Syncope in athletes.

Syncope is a brief sudden loss of consciousness and muscle tone secondary to cerebral ischaemia, inadequate oxygen or glucose delivery to the brain. The causes of syncope may be benign and require very little in the way of evaluation or treatment. However, syncope may be the harbinger of sudden death, and extensive evaluation, monitoring and detailed recommendations regarding advisability of participating in sports should be reviewed with the patient. The history is the most important clue when attempting to identify which patient with syncope is at risk for sudden death. A careful cardiac and neurological examination should be performed in any patient presenting with syncope. Selective use of laboratory testing and cardiac monitoring may assist the practitioner in making the diagnosis. Most often patients with syncope will have a benign cause such as vaso-vagal events, hyperventilation or orthostatic hypotension. Patients with a cardiac condition causing their syncope are at increased risk for sudden death. The ominous, cardiac-related causes of syncope in the younger population include hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, aberrant coronary arteries and aortic dissection secondary to Marfan's syndrome. In the older athletic population, coronary atherosclerosis may present with syncope. Dysrhythmias may be the cause of syncope in both populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Sports injuries in young athletes.

Injuries to a skeletally immature athlete are common, but most of the injuries do not have long-term implications. There is no risk-free sport, and children tend to select the sports they wish to participate in based on their own desire, peer pressure, and their own talent regardless of the injury rate. Both acute and overuse injuries may occur. Open physes and apophyses represent unique structures that may be injured in this population. Prompt and proper identification of many of these injuries may allow the young athlete a relatively timely return to sports competition or recreation. Pediatricians and other primary care providers can make an active commitment to youth sports by learning more about these common sports-related injuries and becoming team physicians or joining local sports medicine advisory councils.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Critical evaluation of the 2-minute orthopedic screening examination.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of the 2-minute, 12-step, orthopedic screening examination. DESIGN: Prospective, single-blind study. SETTING: National Collegiate Athletic Association Division 1 athletics program. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred fifty-nine male and female varsity athletes. INTERVENTIONS: The athletes were screened by five primary care physicians who were "blind" to each patient's history. The athletes were then evaluated by a team of orthopedic surgeons who had knowledge of each patient's history. Significant injuries were injuries that would limit participation, predispose to injury, or need further evaluation or rehabilitation. MAIN RESULTS: A total of 120 significant injuries were identified by compiling the results of the history and both physical examinations. Of the significant injuries, 91.6% were detected by history alone. Fourteen of the significant injuries were missed by the detailed orthopedic examination, but they were detected by the screening examination. The overall sensitivity of the screening examination compared with the results of all three methods was 50.8%, with a specificity of 97.5%, positive predictive value of 40.9%, and negative predictive value of 98.3%. Almost half of the false-positive screening findings were shoulder asymmetries. CONCLUSIONS: Even in mass screenings, the screening orthopedic examination should be used only in conjunction with an orthopedic history. Some modifications may improve the sensitivity of the screening examination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Topical diphenhydramine toxicity.

This paper will review an acute onset of mental confusion associated with hallucinations secondary to vigorous administration of topical Caladryl lotion and Benadryl spray in an 8-year-old boy with chickenpox. The article discusses the toxicity of both oral and topical diphenhydramine use, along with the differentiation of varicella encephalitis from diphenhydramine toxicity. Delirium can be described as an acute clouding of consciousness associated with visual and tactile hallucinations, disorientation, and misperceptions. In a child who is already suffering from an infectious illness, encephalitis must be high on the list of the physician's differential diagnosis. The physician, however, must never overlook ingestions, even from topical, over-the-counter medications. The case described illustrates this point. Although this appears to be the fourth case report on this subject, the diagnosis was partially obscured by the fact that the local pharmacist could not find any documented cases despite a computer search of diphenhydramine toxicity at the time of admission and the report of only one or two cases by the Parke-Davis pharmacist.

Administration, Topical↗