PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D T Costakos

Publications and source records attributed to D T Costakos.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Migrating atelectasis in Werdnig-Hoffmann disease: pulmonary manifestations in two cases of spinal muscular atrophy type 1.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) or Werdnig-Hoffmann disease is the second most common neuromuscular disease, with 25% of cases presenting in infancy. Deletions in the survival motor neuron gene are believed responsible for autosomal-recessive SMA. SMA affects about 1 in 10,000 births. Symptomatic newborns have severe hypotonia, may have respiratory distress, may be unable to feed, and rapidly progress to death early in infancy. This paper describes another early pulmonary manifestation of SMA, i.e., migrating or rotating atelectasis, in 2 patients with infantile SMA. Migrating or rotating atelectasis may suggest the diagnosis of SMA.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

The computerized perinatal database: are the data reliable?

The purpose of this study is to examine the correctness of the clinical data from the computerized perinatal database (PC-Log) at a Mayo Health System hospital. This computerized database is used for electronic transmission of birth certificates in Wisconsin. The paper medical record is chosen for the comparison. Random selection of 99 charts from a total of 893 births at a tertiary perinatal center during 1995. Of 310 fields in the database, 32 variables were compared to a hand abstraction of the paper medical record. PC-Log had 100% positive-predictive value (PPV) for eclampsia, prolonged rupture of membranes, pre-existing diabetes, cesarean section, and transports. The sensitivity, specificity, and PPV for other variables (abortion, congenital anomalies, gestational diabetes, maternal hypertension, and maternal employment) showed moderate to high agreement, but was poor for maternal ethanol use during pregnancy. Compared to hand abstraction, PC-Log had no recorded cases of substance abuse, antenatal steroids, hyaline membrane disease, circumcision, maternal and infant length of stay. Means for birth weight 5 minute Apgar scores did not differ, and the correlations were r = 0.982 and r = 0.960. The PC-Log showed good agreement for many but not all the variables of clinical interest.

Birth Certificates↗
PubMed1994

Reherniation and pseudoreherniation of a congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

The differential in growth is apparent between lobes within the lung as well as between the two lungs. Any catch-up has clearly not corrected the hypoplasia present at birth. In addition, the small size and distorted shape as well as the abnormal proportions between the trachea and between the two main bronchi point to further functional irregularities based on structural distortion.

Hernia, Diaphragmatic↗
PubMed1991

Aortic root blood flow increases after pancuronium in neonates with hyaline membrane disease.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of muscle paralysis on aortic root blood flow in preterm infants with hyaline membrane disease. DESIGN: Each patient served as his/her own control in a prospectively controlled trial. SETTING: Neonatal ICU in a university hospital. PATIENTS: Ten ventilator-dependent preterm infants weighing 800 to 2820 g, 0 to 8 days of age, with hyaline membrane disease and seven control patients. INTERVENTIONS: Noninvasive measurement of aortic root blood flow by Doppler echocardiography 30 min before and 60 min after respiratory paralysis with 0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg of iv pancuronium, or following ventilator changes in control subjects. RESULTS: Mean aortic root blood flow increased significantly (p less than .001), from 212 to 276 mL/min.kg, accompanied by significant increases in stroke volume and heart rate. CONCLUSIONS: Pancuronium bromide may have a direct beneficial effect on the circulation of preterm infants with hyaline membrane disease.

Aorta↗
PubMed1990

Hypothermia and systemic lupus erythematosus.

We describe an 18-year-old black woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who presented with an exacerbation of polymyositis and neuropsychiatric symptoms. After starting prednisone she became hypothermic for 5 days. Hypothermia associated with SLE has been described in only 3 patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Interconversions of haloperidol and reduced haloperidol in guinea pig and rat liver microsomes.

An alcohol metabolite of haloperidol, reduced haloperidol, is present in the tissues of haloperidol-treated patients. We have studied whether rat and guinea pig liver microsomes have the capability to reduce haloperidol and thus serve as models for human haloperidol metabolism. Interestingly, the rat microsomes did not reduce haloperidol, but possessed an NADPH-dependent, carbon monoxide-inhibited mechanism to oxidize the reduced haloperidol back to haloperidol. Guinea pig microsomes efficiently reduced haloperidol molecules in a fashion not dependent on nicotinamide cofactors and not inhibited by carbon monoxide. Both of these activities were confined to the microsomal fraction. In guinea pigs, reduction of haloperidol was observed also in kidney slices, whereas brain slices proved inactive. Reduced haloperidol was also oxidized to haloperidol to a small extent in guinea pig microsomes. These in vitro experiments confirm our findings in vivo, which showed that in rats haloperidol is not reduced, while guinea pigs have a very active mechanism for reducing haloperidol. Thus, guinea pigs constitute a model for human haloperidol metabolism, and they should be used for further characterization of the reductive drug-metabolizing system.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Rapid formation of reduced haloperidol in guinea pigs following haloperidol administration.

Haloperidol, a butyrophenone neuroleptic, is metabolically reduced in man, but not in rat and not in many other experimental animals. Here we present data that describes reductive haloperidol metabolism in guinea pigs in vivo. When haloperidol was injected intraperitoneally to guinea pigs, it was converted to reduced haloperidol so quickly that 1 hr after the injection the concentration of haloperidol was only about one fifth of that of reduced haloperidol. Dopamine metabolism was enhanced in the striatum after the administration of reduced haloperidol, but this enhancement could mostly be explained by oxidation of a small amount of reduced haloperidol back to haloperidol. The molecular mechanisms of haloperidol reduction should be further studied using guinea pigs as a model for human haloperidol metabolism.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1984

Reduced haloperidol in the post-mortem brains of haloperidol-treated patients.

We measured the concentrations of haloperidol and its reduced alcohol metabolite in human post-mortem tissues with high-performance/liquid chromatography using electrochemical detection. Both haloperidol and reduced haloperidol were detected and quantified in the occipital cortex of nine schizophrenic patients with a history of haloperidol treatment, but not in six samples from nontreated subjects. Reduced haloperidol concentrations were below the detection limit of the assay in several tissues of rats and mice even after 10 days of haloperidol treatment. The results suggest that reduced haloperidol is present in the brains of haloperidol-treated patients at slightly higher concentrations than haloperidol itself. Further studies are warranted to establish the possible biological importance of this haloperidol metabolite.

Adult↗