PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D T Gulick

Publications and source records attributed to D T Gulick.

4 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Effects of two ultrasound devices and angles of application on the temperature of tissue phantom.

Ultrasound is a commonly used therapeutic modality for which there is little research on the effect of treatment dosage on the extent of tissue heating. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of two different ultrasound devices, angle of ultrasound application, and treatment time on the temperature of a tissue phantom. Four trials were performed at four ultrasound application angles (90 degrees, 80 degrees, 70 degrees, and 60 degrees) with both an Excel UltraMax and a Mettler Sonicator 720. A continuous 1-MHz frequency at 2.0 W/cm2 was administered for 5 minutes, with tissue phantom temperature recorded at 1-minute intervals. The analysis of the data revealed significant main effects between ultrasound devices, angle of application, and treatment times. Interactions were identified between ultrasound device and treatment times and angle of application and treatment times. Analysis of simple effects revealed significant differences between ultrasound devices after 2, 3, 4, and 5 minutes of treatment and between treatment times and 80 degrees and 60 degrees angles of application. Maximal temperature increase after a 5-minute treatment was 2.025 degrees C. This level of tissue heating falls below expected values and may not yield therapeutic results. The thermal effects were noted to be greatest at 80 degrees and 90 degrees angles of application. Despite appropriate calibration and identical treatment protocols, the two ultrasound devices yielded significantly different tissue phantom temperatures, which were notably lower than expected values. We concluded that direct monitoring of ultrasound device output and calculation of treatment dosage should occur on a routine basis, as treatment outcome will certainly be affected by the actual dosage of ultrasonic energy.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1997

The effect of cryotherapy on eccentric plantar flexion peak torque and endurance.

OBJECTIVE: The effects of cryotherapy on eccentric torque production and muscle endurance have been controversial. Our intent was to examine the effect of cryotherapy on isokinetic eccentric plantar flexion peak torque at 30 degrees /sec and 120 degrees /sec and on endurance at 120 degrees /sec. DESIGN AND SETTING: SUBJECTS WERE TESTED ON AN ISOKINETIC DYNAMOMETER FOR PEAK TORQUE AND ENDURANCE AND WERE THEN RANDOMLY ASSIGNED TO ONE OF FOUR GROUPS: (a) peak torque measurements at 30 degrees /sec and 120 degrees /sec after a 30-minute 10 degrees C ice bath immersion, (b) peak torque measurements at 30 degrees /sec and 120 degrees /sec without ice bath immersion (control), (c) endurance measurement at 120 degrees /sec after a 30-minute 10 degrees C ice bath immersion, and (d) endurance measurement at 120 degrees /sec without ice bath immersion (control). Subjects completed each of the four experimental conditions with 7 to 14 days between conditions. SUBJECTS: Eleven male and 11 female volunteers (mean age, 23.8 +/- 3.5 years) were screened for normal ankle range of motion, past history of lower extremity injury, and contraindications to cryotherapy. MEASUREMENTS: Dependent t tests were used to analyze practice session data in order to establish reliable baseline measurements. A 2 x 2 analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures (p < .05) was used to analyze peak torque data. A one-way ANOVA (p < .05) was used to analyze endurance data in the form of total work. RESULTS: Velocity significantly affected peak torque production, with eccentric peak torque values significantly higher at 120 degrees /sec than at 30 degrees /sec for both the control and the immersion conditions. Cryotherapy had no effect on eccentric peak torque at either 30 degrees /sec or 120 degrees /sec, but it increased eccentric total work (endurance) at 120 degrees /sec. CONCLUSIONS: Cryotherapy has long been known to have beneficial therapeutic effects. In our study, cryotherapy did not significantly affect eccentric peak torque, but it did increase muscle endurance. An athlete can reap the beneficial effects of cryotherapy, such as pain reduction, vasoconstriction, and edema control, without compromising eccentric force production or endurance.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Various treatment techniques on signs and symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness.

Eccentric activities are an important component of physical conditioning and everyday activities. Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) can result from strenuous eccentric tasks and can be a limiting factor in motor performance for several days after exercise. An efficacious method of treatment for DOMS would enhance athletic performance and hasten the return to activities of daily living. The purpose of this study was to identify a treatment method which could assist in the recovery of DOMS. In the selection of treatment methods, emphasis was directed toward treatments that could be rendered independently by an individual, therefore making the treatment valuable to an athletic trainer in team setting. DOMS was induced in 70 untrained volunteers via 15 sets of 15 eccentric contractions of the forearm extensor muscles on a Lido isokinetic dynamometer. All subjects performed a pilot exercise bout for a minimum of 9 weeks before data collection to assure that DOMS would be produced. Data were collected on 15 dependent variables: active and passive wrist flexion and extension, forearm girth, limb volume, visual analogue pain scale, muscle soreness index, isometric strength, concentric and eccentric wrist total work, concentric and eccentric angle of peak torque. Data were collected on six occasions: pre- and post-induced DOMS, 20 minutes after treatment, and 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment. Subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of 7 groups (6 treatment and 1 control). Treatments included a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, high velocity concentric muscle contractions on an upper extremity ergometer, ice massage, 10-minute static stretching, topical Amica montana ointment, and sublingual A. montana pellets. A 7 x 6 ANOVA with repeated measures on time was performed on the delta values of each of the 15 dependent variables. Significant main effects (p < .05) were found for all of the dependent variables on time only. There were no significant differences between treatments. Therefore, we conclude that none of the treatments were effective in abating the signs and symptoms of DOMS. In fact, the NSAID and A. montana treatments appeared to impede recovery of muscle function.

Journal Article↗