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D T Shek

Publications and source records attributed to D T Shek.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Reliability and factor structure of the Chinese GHQ-30 for parents with preschool mentally handicapped children.

The Chinese version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-30) was administered to 381 parents of preschool mentally handicapped children, along with other instruments that assessed their stress, mental health, coping styles, and care-giving patterns. The GHQ-30 was found to have high internal consistency as a scale and high item-total correlations for most of the items. Factor analysis with a four-factor solution showed that four factors were abstracted from the scale, namely, anxiety, depression, interpersonal dysfunctioning, and inadequate coping. It also was found that the factors extracted could be reproduced reliably in two random subsamples and that the factor structure derived from the present sample corresponds to the previously reported data on the dimensionality of the Chinese GHQ-30.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

Chinese adolescents' perceptions of parenting styles of fathers and mothers.

Father Treated and Mother Treated subscales of the Parent Image Differential were used to assess recalled parental treatment styles of 2,150 Chinese secondary school students. Results from reliability and factor analyses showed that both scales were internally consistent, and two factors (Concern and Restrictiveness) were abstracted from each of these scales. The data on gender differences in parenting revealed significant differences, across socioeconomic classes, between paternal and maternal treatment styles, with the fathers perceived to be relatively more restrictive and showing less concern than the mothers. The data suggest that differences between paternal and maternal treatment styles exist in the Chinese context but that signs of gradual change in the differences are appearing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The Chinese version of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale: does language make a difference?

The Chinese version of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (C-DAS) was administered to 1,501 married adults, along with other instruments that assessed their psychosocial adjustment. Factor analysis showed that four factors were abstracted from the C-DAS (Dyadic Consensus, Dyadic Cohesion, Dyadic Satisfaction, and Affectional Expression); the factors extracted could be reproduced reliably in two random subsamples, as well as in the male and female samples. Although some areas of refinement are suggested, the present data generally support the universality of the concept of dyadic adjustment as indexed by the Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Contrary to the data reported previously, the present factor structures based on the male and female samples were highly similar and stable.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Assessment of private and public self-consciousness: a Chinese replication.

The Chinese version of the revised Self-Consciousness Scale (C-SCS) of Scheier and Carver (1985) was administered to 500 Chinese university students. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed that three factors (Private Self-consciousness, Public Self-consciousness, and Social Anxiety) were abstracted from the scale, and reliability data also showed that the C-SCS and its three subscales are internally consistent. While the present findings are generally consistent with the conceptualization of Scheier and Carver (1985) and the data reported previously, an integration of the present study and the data in the literature suggests that some of the items and their related rationales in the original and revised Self-Consciousness Scale may require refinement and modification.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1993

The Chinese version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory: its relationship to different measures of psychological well-being.

The Chinese version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (C-STAI) was administered to 2,150 Chinese secondary school students, along with other measures of psychological well-being. The results showed that the correlation between A-State and A-Trait scores was significant, and both scales correlated significantly with all other measures of psychological well-being. Analyses of the strengths of association among the measures revealed that while A-Trait and A-State scores were differentially sensitive to indices of chronic mental health attributes and acute symptoms, both scales were found to be more predictive of measures of anxiety. These findings generally provided support for the concurrent validity of the C-STAI, and the significant correlation between A-State and A-Trait is consistent with data reported in the literature.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

Factor structure of the Chinese version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHO-30): a confirmatory factor analysis.

The factor structure of responses to the Chinese version of the General Health Questionnaire (CGHQ-30) in a sample of 2,150 Chinese secondary school students was examined using the LISREL approach to confirmatory factor analysis. The results showed that while a five-factor model (Anxiety, Depression, Inadequate Coping, Social Dysfunctioning and Sleep Disturbances) was able to fit the data, a higher-order factor model with five primary factors (Anxiety, Depression, Inadequate Coping, Social Dysfunctioning and Sleep Disturbances) and a second-order factor (General Psychopathology) was found to be a more parsimonious model. The present findings are discussed with reference to the controversies that surround the dimensionality of the General Health Questionnaire.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Meaning in life and psychological well-being: an empirical study using the Chinese version of the Purpose in Life questionnaire.

The Chinese version of the Purpose in Life questionnaire (C-PIL) was administered to 2,150 Chinese secondary school students, along with other instruments assessing psychiatric symptoms and positive mental health. Total C-PIL and its two subscales, Quality of Existence (QEXIST) and Purpose of Existence (PEXIST), correlated significantly with all measures of psychological well-being. Relative to PEXIST scores, QEXIST scores were found to be more predictive of psychological well-being. Subjects with different existential status (defined by high vs. low levels of QEXIST and PEXIST) were associated with different degrees of psychological well-being. The concept of meaning in life, as indexed by the C-PIL, and the hypothesis that life meaning is related to psychological well-being require further elaboration and refinement.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

What does the Chinese version of the Beck Depression Inventory measure in Chinese students--general psychopathology or depression?

The Chinese version of the Beck Depression Inventory (C-BDI) was administered to 2,150 Chinese secondary-school students, along with other measures of psychological well-being. While C-BDI scores were found to correlate significantly with all other measures of psychological well-being for the various samples, the results showed that they correlated most strongly with the Depression factor of the Chinese General Health Questionnaire. The Depression factor of the Chinese GHQ was observed to be most predictive of C-BDI scores. These data are generally consistent with the empirical data on the relationship between the BDI and other measures of psychological well-being; the claim that the BDI is more a measure of "general psychopathology" is not supported by the present findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Reliability and factorial structure of the Chinese version of the Beck Depression Inventory.

The Chinese version of the Beck Depression Inventory (C-BDI) was administered to 2,150 Chinese secondary school students. The BDI was found to have high internal consistency as a scale and high item-total correlations for most of the items. Factor analysis with a two-factor solution showed that two factors were abstracted from the scale, namely, general depression and somatic disturbances. By randomly splitting the total sample into two subsamples, these two factors could be reproduced reliably, and high coefficients of congruence were found. These findings generally suggest that the Chinese version of the BDI possesses acceptable psychometric properties, and the factor analytic data tend to support Beck's multi-dimensional view of depression as a construct.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Validity of the Chinese version of the General Health Questionnaire.

The Chinese version of the General Health Questionnaire-30 was administered to 2,150 Chinese secondary school students, along with several other scales that measure somatic and psychological symptoms. GHQ scores were found to correlate significantly with all other measures of psychopathology for the various samples. Further analyses indicated that while the GHQ correlated more strongly with scales that assess acute symptoms than with scales that measure chronic problems, GHQ correlations were higher with measures of state as well as trait anxiety relative to indices that primarily reflect non-anxiety-related symptoms. Correlations between the various factor scores of the GHQ and other indices of psychopathology also were found to be mostly significant. These findings generally suggest that the Chinese GHQ-30 is a valid instrument that assesses "general" psychological health, and the data provide support for the validity of some of the factorial dimensions of this scale.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1989

Perceptions of parental treatment styles and psychological well-being in Chinese adolescents.

Chinese secondary school students (N = 2,150) responded to instruments assessing their parent's treatment styles and their own psychological well-being. Results arising from bivariate and canonical correlation analyses showed that students' assessments of paternal (PT) and maternal (MT) treatment styles correlated significantly with measures of their general psychiatric morbidity, anxiety, depression, somatic symptoms, purpose in life, and ego strength. PT and MT were most strongly correlated with total scores on the Purpose in Life Questionnaire. These findings generally suggest that Chinese adolescents' recollections of their parents' treatment styles are significantly associated with their own psychological well-being, whether defined by active or passive mental health criteria.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Sex differences in the psychological well-being of Chinese adolescents.

This study assessed sex differences affecting the psychological well-being of Chinese adolescents. Various instruments were used to measure psychiatric symptoms and positive mental health. The results showed that female adolescents displayed significantly more psychiatric as well as somatic symptoms and scored lower on scales reflecting positive mental health. The findings are generally consistent with those found in the Western literature, but suggest that, in the Chinese culture, sex differences in mental health begin to appear in adolescents.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Relevance of psychological theories and research to nursing care.

General misconceptions about the relevance of psychological theories and research to helping professionals are outlined. These include: 1) psychological theories are difficult to understand; 2) psychological theories are commonsensical and they can be invented by integrating commonsensical thoughts; 3) there is little link between theories and reality; 4) learning practical skills is more important than the acquisition of theoretical concepts; 5) helping professionals can practice successfully without detailed understanding of psychological theories; 6) theory-building is the task of theorists, not the job of practitioners; and 7) accumulation of research findings on nursing care is the task of researchers, not the job of practitioners. The nature of psychological theory, including its dimensions, functions and limitations are presented and the criteria governing theory evaluation are highlighted. As far as psychological research is concerned, it is argued that research evidence plays an important role in the process of theory construction and it has important link to the conceptual and applied aspects of nursing care.

Clinical Nursing Research↗
PubMed1988

Reliability and factorial structure of the Chinese version of the Purpose in Life Questionnaire.

The Chinese version of the Purpose in Life Questionnaire (PIL) was administered to 2,140 secondary school students. The PIL was found to have high internal consistency as a scale and high item-total correlations for most of the items. Factor analysis with a five-factor solution showed that five factors were abstracted from the scale, namely, Quality of Life, Meaning of Existence, Death, Choice, and Retirement. By randomly splitting the total sample into two subsamples, high coefficients of congruence were found for Factors 1,2,3, and 5. Alternative analysis with a two-factor solution showed that two general factors, namely, Existence and Death, could be extracted. The psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the PIL and the implications of the findings were discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Reliability and factorial structure of the Chinese version of the General Health Questionnaire.

The Chinese version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) was administered to 2,150 Chinese secondary school students. The GHQ was found to have high internal consistency as a scale and high item-total correlations for most of the items. Factor analysis with a five-factor solution showed that five factors were abstracted from the scale, namely, anxiety, depression, inadequate coping, interpersonal dysfunctioning, and sleep disturbances. By randomly splitting the total sample into two subsamples, these five factors could be reproduced reliably, and high coefficients of congruence were found. The psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the GHQ and the implications of the findings were discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Effect of the orienting response on sensory discriminability.

The effects of orienting responses to different types of stimuli on acquisition of information were studied. Subjects underwent a standard habituation series of 15 trials. On Trial 16, they received one of following three stimuli: (a) no-change stimulus--same stimulus as habituation stimulus, (b) innocuous-change stimulus, (c) significant-change stimulus--the subject's own name. These orienting stimuli were followed 500 msec. later by an imperative stimulus (100 msec.) which contained a number of Chinese characters. The subjects were then unexpectedly asked to recall and recognize these characters. Recall and recognition were consistently superior in conditions with significant and innocuous change relative to no change, which indicated that the orienting response to unexpected stimuli is related to a generalized perceptual enhancement. The data pose problems for the position that the orienting response reflects only the passive 'registration' of the eliciting stimulus information. While digital pulse-amplitude data showed no difference among the conditions for the change trial, these conditions were differentiated by electrodermal and cardiac changes.

Adolescent↗