Closed thoracic cavity lavage for hypothermia with cardiac arrest.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to D T Walters.
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Emergency physicians frequently face death, yet many are unprepared to deal with the family survivors of a patient who has died unexpectedly. Without the benefit of establishing prior rapport with the family, the emergency physician must anticipate the family's grief response so that he or she can intervene to avoid an unnecessarily prolonged or morbid grief reaction. Factors predisposing to a pathologic grief response in the death of a spouse or of an infant or child must be recognized, and the physician's power to assuage survivor guilt should be used. Certain key actions in the process of notifying survivors, viewing the body, concluding the emergency department visit, and following up after the patient's death help facilitate survivor grief in the least traumatic way possible. Emergency Departments can improve their dealing with death by instituting a team approach using doctors, nurses, social workers, and clergy to better support family members in their emergency department experience and to provide a link with community service organizations helpful to the family after they leave the hospital.
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In this article, the incidence of acute abdominal pain in primary care practice, its etiology and pathogenesis, and the evaluation of the patient with pain are discussed. Special attention is given to the differential diagnosis of both surgical and nonsurgical diseases that can present with abdominal pain as the major manifestation.
Flexible fiberoptic sigmoidoscopy is easily mastered by family physicians. Self-study, along with a minimal amount of supervision, seems to provide adequate training. Patient preparation is essential and is best accomplished with enemas "until clear" rather than with the standard two enemas. Patients prefer the flexible sigmoidoscope to the rigid instrument, and the greater depth of penetration achieved with the former--even with the 35-cm sigmoidoscope--enables the physician to detect significantly more pathologic lesions.
The 35-cm flexible fiberoptic proctosigmoidoscope is a cost-effective instrument for the family physician. Nonendoscopists have mastered its use with no reported complications. Patient tolerance is high compared to tolerance for the rigid scope. The pathology yield per procedure is two to four times greater than that reported with the rigid sigmoidoscope. Yields with the 35-cm instrument have matched those documented with the 65-cm fiberoptic instrument.
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