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Biomedical subjects

D Tate

Publications and source records attributed to D Tate.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Serum distemper virus and parvovirus antibody titers among dogs brought to a veterinary hospital for revaccination.

OBJECTIVE: To determine serum canine distemper virus (CDV) and canine parvovirus (CPV) antibody titers in healthy dogs brought to a veterinary hospital for revaccination. DESIGN: Case series. ANIMALS: 122 dogs. PROCEDURE: Serum antibody titers were measured by means of hemagglutination inhibition (CPV titers) or serum neutralization (CDV titers) at the time dogs were brought to the hospital for revaccination. All dogs had been vaccinated between 271 and 1,665 days previously. Dogs were grouped by age, breed (purebred vs mixed breed), sex, and weight to determine whether these factors were associated with antibody titers. Serum CPV titers > or = 1:80 and serum CDV titers > or = 1:96 were considered protective. RESULTS: Breed, sex, and weight were not significantly associated with serum CPV and CDV titers. Age was significantly associated with CPV titer, with younger dogs having higher titers, but was not associated with CDV titer. Thirty-three of 122 (27%; 95% confidence interval, 19.0 to 34.9%) dogs had a less-than-protective CPV titer. Twenty-five of 117 (21%; 95% confidence interval, 13.6 to 28.4%) dogs had a less-than-protective CDV titer. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Results suggest that, on the basis of serum antibody titers, the current practice of annual revaccination of dogs against CPV and CDV infection should be maintained. Measurement of antibody titers to determine whether revaccination is truly needed would seem justifiable in those dogs that have previously had an adverse reaction to vaccination.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1998

Advances in total hip arthroplasty.

Total hip arthroplasty is an operative procedure in which the diseased and destroyed hip joint is resected and replaced with a new bearing surface. Since its introduction into the surgical management of the arthritic hip in the early 1960s, total hip arthroplasty has helped alleviate the suffering of millions of patients throughout the world. Patients with coxarthrosis can now look to total hip arthroplasty as a reliable means of pain relief and improved function. While the operation has been successful over the years, problems have manifested themselves as the length of follow-up has increased. As total hip arthroplasty approaches its fourth decade of use, we outline these problems and the proposed solutions.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1997

Body dissatisfaction as a mediator of the relationship between dietary restraint and bulimic eating patterns.

The present study was designed to test whether dietary restraint mediates the relationship between body dissatisfaction and bulimic eating patterns in a sample of 172 university females. Contrary to what was expected the results showed that body dissatisfaction mediated the relationship between dietary restraint and bulimic patterns of eating. Thus the results highlight the primary importance of body dissatisfaction as a predictor of bulimic behavior. Body dissatisfaction encompasses a broad array of dimensions such as self-perceptions, cognitions, affect and behavior and it carries enormous explanatory power but its different components remain largely unexplored.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Geometric evaluation of mandibular distraction.

In planning mandibular distraction, the deficiency of the vertical ramus and body is measured. The position of the pin placement is evaluated by the following formula: [formula: see text] This is more accurately presented by the new formula. [formula: see text] In one patient the original formula evaluated the pin placement angle to be 9.94, compared with 9.92, in the more accurate but more complex new formula. When the gonial angle is obtuse, the difference is small. When the gonial angle is more acute, as in a normal gonial angle for a 2-year-old child--134 degrees--the difference is still only 0.1 degree. The original formula is simpler to use and is accurate enough for clinical use in mandibular distraction. The distraction distance is not the sum of the vertical ramal deficiency plus the body deficiency but is given by the following formula: [formula: see text] It would be accurate enough to plan the total distraction distance to be less than the sum of the two distances. The more acute the gonial angle is, the less the distraction distance will need to be.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Predicting depression and psychological distress in persons with spinal cord injury based on indicators of handicap.

This study examined whether experiences of handicap influence levels of depression and distress among persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) during the years after initial discharge from rehabilitation. SCI outpatients (163), who had received inpatient treatment at one of two rehabilitation centers in Michigan and who were between 2 to 7 years since injury, participated in the study. Measures of depression, of psychological distress and of handicap were collected during 2 consecutive years utilizing the Zung Self-Rating Scale, the Brief Symptom Inventory and the Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique (CHART) in conjunction with the Perceived Handicap Questionnaire (PHQ), respectively. According to the study's findings, depressed/distressed SCI subjects reported spending more hours in bed (P < 0.01), fewer days out of the house (P < 0.03) and receiving more paid personal care assistance (P < 0.02) than did other subjects. They also expended more for general medical expenses (P < 0.001) and reported less access to readily available transportation (P < 0.003). CHART total scores, reflecting a simple objective measure of handicap as described by Whiteneck et al. (Whiteneck GG, Charlifue SW, Gerhart KA, Overholser JD, Richardson GN: Guide for Use of the CHART: Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique. Craig Hospital, CO, 1988) were significantly associated with both distress and depression as measured during the second year of data collection. Other significant predictors of depression and distress included subjects' self-perceived handicap (measured by the PHQ), gender, marital status and age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1994

Coping with the late effects: differences between depressed and nondepressed polio survivors.

This study examined differences between depressed and nondepressed individuals with a history of paralytic poliomyelitis in terms of demographics, health status and coping strategies. The prevalence of distress and depression in this group of 116 polio survivors was determined. Subjects completed the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Coping with Disability Inventory and a questionnaire concerning their polio histories and self-perceptions of health. Medical assessments were performed by physicians. Only 15.8% of the sample had scores indicating depression and elevated distress. Depressed/distressed polio survivors were more likely to: be living alone, be experiencing further health status deterioration, seek professional help, view their health as poor, report greater pain, be less satisfied with their occupational status and their lives in general and exhibit poorer coping outcome behaviors in relation to their disability. Three factors in coping with the late effects of polio were identified through a factor analysis of the Coping with Disability Inventory: positive self-acceptance, information seeking/sharing about the disability and social activism. Differences between depressed/distressed and other polio survivors were found across these three factors, with depressed/distressed subjects having significantly lower coping scores. These and other results are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Glucocorticoid receptor regulation: the effects of adrenalectomy, exogenous glucocorticoid, and stress on hepatic receptor number in male and female mice.

Although glucocorticoids are known to regulate their own receptor number, the physiologic significance of this process is not known. In order to assess this process in intact animals the effects of adrenalectomy, stress, and exogenous glucocorticoid on the number of hepatic glucocorticoid receptors in Swiss-Webster mice were evaluated. In males 24 hr after adrenalectomy there was a clear 2- to 2.5-fold increase (upregulation) in glucocorticoid receptor number. Conversely, 24 hr after the ip administration of exogenous corticosterone there was a clear downregulation of receptor number. In each case (upregulation and downregulation) female mice were much less responsive than males. Three stressors were used to evaluate the effect of the endogenous secretion of glucocorticoids on downregulation. Male mice were exposed to ether, vibration, and confinement either once or daily for periods up to 3 days. Animals were sacrificed 24 hr after the last stress and hepatic receptor number was compared to an unstressed control. Cytosolic receptor number was not influenced by any of these stimuli. It is concluded that although glucocorticoids clearly regulate glucocorticoid receptor number, as demonstrated by adrenalectomy and the administration of steroids to adrenalectomized animals, the physiologic significance of this process is uncertain as receptor number does not appear to be changed by stimuli of adrenal glucocorticoids in the intact animal.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1989

Location of the second steroid-binding site on the glucocorticoid receptor.

The ability of nonradioactive progesterone to accelerate the dissociation of tritiated dexamethasone from the agonist-binding site of the glucocorticoid receptor was used as a probe for the existence of a second antagonist steroid site. The goal was to evaluate if this second site was on the glucocorticoid receptor and, if so, on what region of that protein. The magnitude of acceleration of dissociation was assessed during purification of the receptor as well as with the untransformed (multimeric), transformed (monomeric), and mero-receptor. In each preparation progesterone caused a statistically significant increase in the rate of agonist dissociation. The documentation of acceleration of dissociation during purification suggests that progesterone one is interacting with a site on the glucocorticoid receptor and not with another protein. Evidence for the second binding site was found using each form of the receptor, untransformed, transformed, and mero-receptor, suggesting that the second binding site resides on the steroid-binding domain of the receptor which is on the carboxy-terminus, topographically close to the agonist-binding site.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1989

Characterization of glucocorticoid receptors bound with corticosterone.

The physico-chemical properties of glucocorticoid receptors bound with tritiated corticosterone were compared to those of the triamcinolone acetonide glucocorticoid receptor complex. The goal was to determine whether the natural agonist forms complexes similar to those generated by the synthetic agonist. Structure was probed using three techniques; diethylaminoethyl-cellulose (DEAE) chromatography, vertical tube rotor sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation (SGU) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). These techniques are all fast enough to allow analysis of the labile corticosterone receptor complexes. Results showed that complexes generated by both classes of ligands were similar. They eluted from DEAE cellulose and HPLC columns at similar positions and sedimented similarly in sucrose gradients. This was true for both the untransformed and transformed species. It is concluded that natural and synthetic glucocorticoid agonists interact with glucocorticoid receptors to form indistinguishable complexes. Thus synthetic agonists are appropriate probes of events which take place with natural glucocorticoids.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The effect of including molybdate in the eluting buffer used for DEAE-cellulose chromatography on the quantitation of glucocorticoid receptor transformation.

This study analyzes the effect of including molybdate in the elution buffers used in DEAE cellulose chromatography on the fraction of glucocorticoid receptor which elutes as the transformed species. Inclusion of molybdate leads to a significant decrease in the fraction of receptor eluting as transformed; samples which appear to be nearly 50% transformed if eluted in the absence of molybdate were found to be less than 10% transformed when analyzed using a buffer which contained 5 mM molybdate. This decrease was not caused by loss of receptor or a reversion of transformation. DEAE cellulose accelerates receptor transformation. It is concluded that DEAE cellulose should not be used to quantitate transformation unless molybdate is included in all buffers.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Immune haemolysis in a renal transplant recipient due to antibodies with anti-c specificity.

A 55-year-old man received a cadaver kidney from a donor whose serum contained red cell antibodies with anti-c specificity. Atypical antibodies were shown to be absent from the recipient's red cells and serum at the time of transplant. Blood was not transfused during surgery. Two weeks after the transplant, the recipient developed a positive direct antiglobulin test due to antibodies with anti-c specificity. Immune haemolysis was diagnosed in the patient 3 weeks after transplant. The possible mechanisms involved in antibody formation in the recipient are discussed.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1985

Varying expression of major histocompatibility complex antigens on human renal endothelium and epithelium.

Pre-anastomosis wedge biopsies from 14 cadaveric donor kidneys were examined for the expression of class I (HLA-ABC) and class II (HLA-DR) antigens in renal tissue. Two monoclonal antibodies to class I antigens and four to class II antigens were used in an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Consistent expression of both antigens was demonstrated on the surface of glomerular, peritubular capillary and venous endothelial cells. Renal arteries contained only class I antigens. Proximal tubules contained varying amounts of each antigen in their cytoplasm. Sixteen human lymphocytotoxic allo-antisera showed marked variation in their ability to detect HLA antigens on the kidney. The selection of donors for recipients of renal allografts involves the complement-dependent cytotoxicity test and the failure of some lymphocytotoxic antisera to bind to the kidney indicates that some suitable patients may be incorrectly excluded. The use of a binding assay using an immunoperoxidase technique should be included in cross-match techniques particularly for patients who have high levels of circulating cytotoxic antibodies.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of HDV-insulin on carbohydrate metabolism in Type 1 diabetic patients.

The aim of this study was to compare the metabolic effects of a single equimolar subcutaneous injection of hepatic directed vesicle-insulin (HDV-insulin) and regular insulin on glucose levels and intermediary metabolism during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Nine Type 1 diabetic patients underwent two experiments separated by 4 weeks. Each experimental protocol consisted of an identical evening meal followed by overnight euglycemic control achieved by a continuous low-dose insulin infusion. The next morning a subcutaneous injection (0.1 U/kg) of HDV-insulin or regular insulin was administered 30 min before a 75-g OGTT. The overnight basal insulin infusion was maintained unaltered throughout the 150-min OGTT. Plasma glucose, glucoregulatory hormones (insulin, glucagon, cortisol), and intermediary metabolites (lactate, alanine, glycerol, NEFA, beta-hydroxybutyrate) were measured to assess the metabolic effects of the two insulin preparations. Compared to regular insulin, an equivalent subcutaneous dose of HDV-insulin significantly lowered glucose levels during OGTT (mean reduction 2.2+/-0.4 mmol/l; P<.005). Plasma levels of insulin and glucagon were equivalent during both series of experiments. Blood lactate, glycerol and plasma NEFA levels were not different during OGTT indicating similar peripheral action of the insulins. beta-Hydroxybutyrate levels were significantly reduced (P<.05) following HDV-insulin supporting a preferential hepatic action of the preparation. We conclude that HDV-insulin can significantly lower plasma glucose excursions compared to an equivalent dose of regular insulin during an OGTT in Type 1 diabetic patients. The metabolic profile of equivalent peripheral insulin, glucagon and glycerol levels but reduced beta-hydroxybutyrate values support a hepatospecific effect of HDV-insulin.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Early protection of puppies against canine parvovirus: a comparison of two vaccines.

Client-owned puppies randomly were assigned to receive one of two commercially available polyvalent vaccines. The response to the parvovirus portion of each vaccine was evaluated by determining antibody titers by hemagglutination inhibition. Significant differences were found between titers produced by the vaccines. Puppies vaccinated with one of the products had a more desirable result as demonstrated by a protective antibody titer after the first vaccination (p of 0.005), a protective antibody titer at a younger age (p of 0.02), a protective antibody titer by 12 weeks of age (p of 0.001), and a protective antibody titer by 16 weeks of age (p of 0.05). Puppies vaccinated with this product also had significantly higher titers at each sampling after vaccination.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical assessment of a chemosensitivity assay as a treatment planning tool for dogs with cancer.

This study evaluated the clinical utility of a commercially available chemosensitivity assay. In the first part of the study, tumor tissues from dogs with various malignancies were tested, and the dogs were treated with a mitoxantrone/cyclophosphamide combination protocol. Tumor response was evaluated and compared to the predicted response. Assay results were not a significant predictor of clinical response to chemotherapy or of survival time. In the second part of the study, assay results were used to direct therapy in dogs with refractory lymphoma. There was no significant correlation (p equals 0.323) between predicted response and case outcome.

Animals↗