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Biomedical subjects

D Teaf

Publications and source records attributed to D Teaf.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Alcohol abuse screening instruments: normative test data collected from a first DWI offender screening program.

OBJECTIVE: A variety of instruments are used by Driving While Impaired (DWI) screening programs nationwide to assess offenders for alcohol- or drug-related problems. This study presents normative data from five standardized instruments administered by a DWI screening program: the MAC scale of the MMPI, the Alcohol Use Inventory (AUI), the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST), the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) and the Skinner's Trauma Scale (STS). METHOD: The population under study were 2,317 first DWI offenders who completed screening evaluations in 1989-91. The sample included 24% women; the racial distribution was 46% Hispanic, 43% non-Hispanic white, 8% Native American and 3% other races. A statistical model was developed to determine associations among scores on the various instruments and age, gender, ethnicity, education, blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and validity measures on the MMPI-2 (L and K scale scores) RESULTS: There were significant differences in test scores among the ethnic- and gender-specific client groups. Test scores were significantly higher among men than women for the MAST, the D1 and D2 scales of the AUI, the MAC, and the STS. Correlations among the instruments were generally low, and the percentage of persons who scored above instrument cut-points varied significantly. The MAST identified the highest percentage of persons as alcoholic. MMPI profile validity was the most significant independent variable associated with test scores. Persons with scores in the valid range had higher mean scores on each of the instruments. CONCLUSIONS: The choice of instruments used in the DWI assessment can greatly influence the percentage of offenders assessed as having alcohol-related problems.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perineal outcomes and nurse-midwifery management.

This article describes the association among perineal outcomes, selected risk factors, and alternative intrapartum approaches used by nurse-midwives. This nonrandomized concurrent (cohort) study analyzed all spontaneous vaginal births (N = 1211) attended by nurse-midwives at a university hospital over a 2-year period. Univariate analysis was used to calculate relative risks for the associations between two perineal outcomes and selected variables. Study results indicated that parity, ethnicity, birth weight, and use of two techniques (hot compresses and lubrication) were associated with lacerations. The same factors that increase the risk of perineal lacerations also made the performance of an episiotomy more likely; however, for episiotomy, an inverse relationship with perineal hot compresses was noted, and perineal lubrication had no effect. Lack of perineal support was associated with a 66% rise in the risk of episiotomy. Use of birthing positions other than lithotomy significantly reduced the likelihood of episiotomy. The authors concluded that selected care measures to protect the perineum may reduce maternal morbidity and simplify intrapartum care. The risks and benefits of alternative strategies commonly used by nurse-midwives while caring for diverse populations during birth should be further evaluated in large multiethnic populations.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Factors related to perineal trauma in childbirth.

We conducted an observational cohort study in three nurse-midwifery services to identify patient characteristics and clinical care measures related to perineal trauma at birth. Data were collected on all women who began care with a nurse-midwife in labor, using an adaptation of the Nurse-Midwifery Clinical Data Set (n = 3,049). Study variables included demographics, perineal management techniques and position for birth, and other intrapartum care and events. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that episiotomy was strongly related to fetal bradycardia, prolonged second stage, ethnic status, and maternal education level. Warm compresses and flexion/counter-pressure to slow delivery were protective. Spontaneous lacerations were influenced by these factors as well. The lateral position for birth was protective, and use of oils or lubricants and the lithotomy position increased lacerations, Multisite studies in nurse-midwifery practices may provide an ideal means of determining effective care measures in healthy populations.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The relationship of ambulation in labor to operative delivery.

An abbreviated version of the Nurse-Midwifery Clinical Data Set was used to gather data on all women (n = 3,049) who began intrapartum care with a nurse-midwife in three sites. Demographic information, intrapartum care, and outcomes were recorded. The association of ambulation in labor with operative delivery was examined in a low-risk sample (n = 1,678) of women who did not receive care measures (epidural anesthesia, oxytocin induction or augmentation) that preclude mobility in labor. Women who ambulated for a significant amount of time during labor (compared with those who did not ambulate) had half the rate of operative delivery (2.7% vs. 5.5%).

Case-Control Studies↗