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Biomedical subjects

D Tiller

Publications and source records attributed to D Tiller.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

T6+ and HLA-DR+ cell numbers in epidermis of immunosuppressed renal transplant recipients.

The increased susceptibility of the skin of chronically immunosuppressed individuals to viral infections and sunlight-induced malignancies suggests specific drug-induced, dysfunction of local immune mechanisms within the sun-exposed skin of these individuals. To help understand the effect of immunosuppressive therapy alone in the absence of ultraviolet light on the immune system of skin, biopsies were collected from non-sun-exposed buttock skin of control, healthy volunteers and kidney transplant recipients immunosuppressed with either azathioprine/prednisone or cyclosporin A/prednisone and examined for incidences of T6+, and HLA-DR+ cells. No significant differences in the incidences of these 2 cell types were found (a) between control individuals and transplants recipients, (b) between transplant recipients receiving either of the immunosuppressive drug regimes, or (c) between transplant recipients who either had or had not developed skin cancer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Verapamil in essential hypertension: a comparison with atenolol plus hydralazine.

The effects of graded doses of verapamil were compared with those of a combination of atenolol and hydralazine in a double-blind, randomised, crossover trial in 16 patients with essential hypertension. During the placebo phase, mean arterial pressure (M.A.P.) was 123 +/- 17 mmHg. Verapamil (dose range 160-480 mg/day) lowered M.A.P. to 109 +/- 7 mmHg (p less than 0.01 vs placebo). The combination of atenolol (50-100 mg/day) and hydralazine (50-200 mg/day) lowered M.A.P. to 100 +/- 11 mmHg (p less than 0.001 vs placebo, p less than 0.05 vs verapamil). Neither regimen produced any deleterious effects on electrocardiographic intervals, echocardiographic indices of left ventricular function or plasma lipids. Verapamil was well tolerated and provided satisfactory alternative therapy in these patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Formative program evaluation and milieu therapy with alcohol abusers.

Evaluated presumably therapeutic components within a therapeutic community in terms of perceived helpfulness by patients and staff of an alcohol treatment unit. Eighteen male patients and 18 staff members participated. A nonparametric statistic was used as an index of treatment philosophy articulation or degree of value-sharing. A core of activities valued congruently by patients and staff was identified.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effect of age on angiotensin II receptors from rat brain.

1. Angiotensin II receptor binding was studied in specific regions of rat brain at different ages from birth to 14 weeks. 2. The number of specific angiotensin II receptors increased in all regions during the first 2 weeks of life and then decreased to adult levels. Peak numbers of receptors were up to 10 times the adult numbers. 3. The midbrain and thalamus-hypothalamus had maximum numbers of angiotensin II receptors at 2 weeks of age, whereas the rest of the brain regions had maximum number at 1 week. 4. Saralasin-infusion experiments suggested that circulating angiotensin-related peptides could reach brain angiotensin II receptors in 2 week old rats, but not in 6 week old rats. 5. It is postulated that the centrally mediated actions of circulating angiotensin II may be particularly important in the newborn.

Aging↗
PubMed1978

Aspirin, protein transacetylation and inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase in the kidney.

1 The effect of aspirin on the kidney has been investigated in mice and rabbits. [Acetyl-(14)C]-aspirin was administered intraperitoneally in doses ranging from subtherapeutic to toxic. The degree of acetylation of protein was determined by the radioactivity remaining on protein precipitates of renal cortex and medulla after sequential washing designed to remove non-covalently bound material. Controls were established, by the use of [carboxyl-(14)C]-aspirin.2 The acetyl-(14)C residue was bound to renal proteins in a linear manner in increasing amounts with increasing dosage up to 100 mg/kg. The [carboxyl-(14)C]-aspirin was not bound and thus the salicylate portion of the molecule was not bound covalently to the renal protein. The time course of the acetylation was rapid, consistent with the rate of aspirin absorption. The disappearance of acetylated protein was slow, with a T(1/2) of 112.5 h in the renal cortex, and 129.5 h in the renal medulla.3 Differential centrifugation, Sephadex chromatography and gel electrophoresis were carried out on tissue homogenates to determine the site of acetylation. The acetylation was greatest in the microsomal fraction, although all protein fractions showed some degree of acetylation.4 The prostaglandin synthetase activity of a particulate preparation from rabbit kidney was determined by a spectrophotometric assay of malondialdehyde formation. Aspirin (10 mg/kg, i.v.) significantly inhibited prostaglandin synthetase in the renal cortex and medulla.5 Aspirin and renal proteins undergo a transacetylation reaction resulting in stable acetylated protein, with acetylation being greatest in the microsomal fraction. Aspirin has been shown to inhibit prostaglandin synthetase and this could lead to functional impairment of the tissue.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1976

Effects of timolol and hydrochlorothiazide on blood-pressure and plasma renin activity. Double-blind factorial trial.

The effects of timolol (10 mg thrice daily) and hydrochlorothiazide (50 mg/day) have been compared in a double-blind factorial trial in 20 patients with essential hypertension. There were four randomised test phases of 8 weeks each during which patients received timolol alone, hydrochlorothiazide alone, timolol plus hydrochlorothiazide, and no treatment (placebo). Blood-pressure was measured weekly, alternately at the outpatient clinic and at the patient's home. Supine mean arterial pressure fell from 119 mm Hg in the placebo phase to 110 mm Hg in the hydrochlorothiazide phase, 106 mm Hg in the timolol phase, and 101 mm Hg in the combined timolol plus hydrochlorothiazide phase. Factorial analysis revealed that these effects of the two drugs were additive without any potentiation or antagonism. Mean plasma-renin activity (P.R.A.) was 5-02 ng/ml/3 h in the placebo phase falling to 1-79 in the timolol phase and rising to 9-54 in the diuretic phase, but remaining unchanged in the combined treatment phase (5-40 ng/ml/3 h). The data suggest that the hypotensive action of timolol is not dependent on the concomitant fall in P.R.A. The methods described provide a valuable tool for quantitating the effects of a given drug, and hence a valid basis for objective comparison.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1975

Cold agglutinin formation in patients undergoing haemodialysis. A possible relationship to dialyser re-use.

Cold agglutinins with anti-N characteristics were shown to develop in as short a time as four months in patients on home dialysis. It appeared that the development of such antibodies is related to dialyser re-use. Those who were treated without re-using their dialyser did not develop these antibodies. Anti-N may cause early graft failure associated with agglutination in a cold allograft. Moreover, if these antibodies develop in patients on dialysis there may be problems with extracorporeal dialysis and blood transfusion.

Agglutinins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of drug therapy on hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy.

To determine the rate and extent of reversal of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, eight patients with moderate to severe essential hypertension (diastolic blood pressure 116 mmHg, s.d. = 8) underwent serial echocardiography during 12 months of closely supervised antihypertensive therapy with multiple drugs. LV cavity size and average wall thickness were measured by sector-directed M-mode echocardiography. LV mass was estimated from a formula which had previously been validated. All subjects had increased LV mass (greater than 125 g/m2). From 6-12 months, 84% of standing diastolic blood pressures, measured monthly, were 90 mmHg or less. During therapy LV mass decreased from 206 g/m2 (s.d. = 98) initially to 168 g/m2 (s.d. = 82) after 6 months (P less than 0.001) with no further significant change by 12 months. In four patients with less severe hypertrophy, LV mass was within the normal range after 6 months of therapy. In four patients with more severe hypertrophy, LV mass remained significantly elevated at 6 and 12 months. Severe hypertensive LV hypertrophy may be only partially reversible, despite good blood pressure control.

Adult↗