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Biomedical subjects

D Urban

Publications and source records attributed to D Urban.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

The effect of isolated soy protein on plasma biomarkers in elderly men with elevated serum prostate specific antigen.

PURPOSE: We performed a randomized double-blind crossover pilot study in elderly men with elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) on the effects of the daily consumption of 2 soy beverages, each containing 20 gm. of isolated soy protein, on the isoflavone concentration in blood and urine, and on the 3 serum biomarkers cholesterol, PSA and the soluble p105 component of the p185erbB-2 proto-oncogene. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 34 men supplemented their diet by consuming 1 of 2 soy protein beverages assigned randomly twice daily for a 6-week period. In a second 6-week period they consumed the other soy protein beverage. The beverage ISP+ provided 42 mg. of genistein and 27 mg. of daidzein daily, whereas the other beverage, ISP-, provided only 2.1 and 1.3 mg. of these isoflavones daily, respectively. Blood and 24-hour urine samples were obtained before the study, at 2-week intervals during the study and 2 weeks after study completion. RESULTS: ISP+ and to a lesser extent ISP- substantially increased the serum concentration and urinary output of the isoflavones and their metabolites. Serum cholesterol was significantly decreased by ISP+ irrespective of the order in which the 2 soy beverages were administered and in apparent correlation with the total isoflavone concentration. There was no significant effect of the soy beverages on serum PSA and p105erbB-2 values. CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals that short-term exposure of elderly men with elevated serum PSA values to soy protein containing isoflavones decreases serum cholesterol but not the serum biomarkers PSA and p105erbB-2.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Evaluation of biomarker modulation by fenretinide in prostate cancer patients.

An NCI-sponsored, phase II trial of N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)- retinamide (4-HPR) in patients with organ-confined prostate cancer in the period prior to radical prostatectomy was carried out. Thirty-seven men with the histologic diagnosis of prostate cancer planning to have radical prostatectomy entered the study after informed consent and were given 4-HPR (or matching placebo) as a single daily dose (two 100-mg capsules of 4-HPR or two capsules of placebo daily) for 3 weeks prior to surgery. Four men dropped out for unrelated reasons. Thirty-three men completed the study. At the time of surgery, repeat biopsies of the prostate were performed to study the effects of the drug on potential surrogate endpoint biomarkers (SEBs) of malignancy within the tissue. The panel of potential SEBs of malignancy include p53, cytomorphometric indices, ploidy, PNCA, erbB-2, erbB-3, EGF receptor, TGF-alpha tumor-associated glycoprotein-72, fatty acid synthetase and Lewis Y antigen. Twenty-three patients had matching pre- and posttherapy lesions and were considered informative. Results from the patients indicate significant differential expression of biomarkers in pretreatment specimens of uninvolved prostatic tissue (normal-appearing epithelia) prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and prostate cancer. The mean erbB-2 expression was 0.58 in uninvolved vs. 1.04 in PIN (p = 0.002); while the mean erbB-2 expression was 1.35 in prostate cancer (p = 0.0007, uninvolved vs. prostate cancer). A similar pattern of increased biomarker expression between uninvolved and PIN or prostate cancer tissues can be observed for EGF receptor (mean = 1.21, 1.87 and 1.76 for uninvolved, PIN and prostate cancer, respectively) and erbB-3 (mean = 0.81, 1.59 and 1.30 for uninvolved, PIN and prostate cancer, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences in biomarkers observed in the 4-HPR-treated patients when compared with placebo-treated control patients. There was a posttreatment up-regulation of biomarkers observed in both groups of patients. This observation is most likely explained by an effect due to the diagnostic sextant biopsy equally affecting both groups of patients. Results from this study do not demonstrate a chemoprevention effect of 4-HPR on tissue-based SEBs at the dose given.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

An updated review of the clinical development of coumarin (1,2-benzopyrone) and 7-hydroxycoumarin.

Several authors have demonstrated that coumarin (1,2-benzopyrone) in combination with cimetidine can produce objective antitumor responses in some patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. The purpose of this report is to review the clinical development of coumarin, with or without cimetidine, with special reference to renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Previously unpublished data concerning the survival of a population of patients with RCC, who were treated on a phase I trial of coumarin and cimetidine, are presented. The rationale and study design of an active randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of coumarin for RCC are discussed. A progress report is given for an ongoing phase I trial of oral 7-hydroxycoumarin, the major human metabolite of coumarin.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Continuity and discontinuity of psychopathology: a study of patients examined as children and as adults. III--The infancy of "adult personality disorders".

We undertook a prospective study of all the children who, having consulted the Child Psychiatry Services (Service Médico-Pédagogique) between 1963 and 1967, later consulted the Adult Public Psychiatry Service (720 cases). We looked for specific clinical clusters which would enable us to differentiate statistically the groups of children according to their adult diagnoses. We present here the results for the group of children who were diagnosed as suffering from "personality disorders" in adulthood. We were able to establish an infantile cluster that significantly differentiated these children. It includes: aggressiveness, oppositional behaviour, unsociability, conflicts with peers. 54.6% had already been diagnosed as suffering from personality disorders in childhood. According to these results, the more a consulting child fits this profile, the greater the risk that he will suffer from a "personality disorder" in adulthood. We discuss the continuity/discontinuity of the symptomatology, and the implications for diagnoses of "personality disorders" and "borderline personalities".

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Continuity and discontinuity of psychopathology: a study of patients examined as children and as adults. II. Childhood antecedents of drug dependent adults].

The demographic stability of the Swiss Canton of Geneva provided us with the necessary conditions for a follow-up study of the entire childhood population who, having consulted the Child Psychiatry Services between 1963 and 1967, later consulted the adult public psychiatric services (720 cases). We looked for specific clusters of clinical signs which would enable us to differentiate, statistically speaking, the groups of children according to their adult diagnosis. We present here the results for the group of children who were diagnosed at adulthood as drug addicts (DSM III R). We found a specific cluster significantly differentiating these children from the other populations. It includes: a personality disorder (undifferentiated behaviour, and solitary and aggressive behaviour), environmental factors (monoparental, rejecting family) and a lack of mental deficiency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Continuity and discontinuity of psychopathology: a study of patients examined as children and as adults. I. Antecedents of adult schizophrenic disorders].

The demographical stability of the Canton of Geneva made it possible for us to do a prospective study of all the children who had consulted the Child Psychiatry Service between 1963 and 1967 and who later consulted the public adult psychiatry services. On the basis of the adult diagnoses, wo looked for specific clinical "clusters" in childhood which would allow us to differentiate statistically the groups of children. We present here the results of the group of children who developed schizophrenia in adulthood. We found a specific childhood "cluster" which clearly distinguishes these children from the others. It includes: serious relational disorders, neurodevelopmental impairment, attention deficit and school learning disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Intertester reliability and concurrent validity of fluid-based and universal goniometers for active knee flexion.

This study was designed 1) to determine the intertester reliability of the universal goniometer and the fluid-based goniometer and 2) to establish the concurrent validity of the fluid-based goniometer. Two testers measured active knee flexion of 20 healthy subjects (15 women, 5 men) using both instruments. The subjects had a mean age of 24.8 years (s = 5.5) and reported no previous history of pathological conditions of the right lower extremity. Using a correlational design, high intertester reliability was established for each instrument (universal goniometer, r = .87; fluid-based goniometer, r = .83). The concurrent validity of the fluid-based goniometer was also good for both testers (tester A, r = .83; tester B, r = .82). When the data were subjected to t tests, significant differences were found between the instruments for each tester (p less than .05). The results suggest that similar measurements will be obtained between therapists using the universal and fluid-based goniometers; however, the two instruments cannot be used interchangeably in the clinic.

Adult↗