Biomedical subjects

D V Makarov

Publications and source records attributed to D V Makarov.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Influence of shear flow on the Fréedericksz transition in nematic liquid crystals.

Within the framework of Ericksen-Leslie continuum theory we analyze the influence of shear flow on the magnetic-field-induced Fréedericksz transition in nematic liquid crystal with rodlike molecules. We consider three basic orientational configurations of a nematic planar layer in the uniform magnetic field. Conditions of rigid director coupling on the boundaries of the layer and constant shear flow gradient inside the layer are used. We exhibit some flow aligning effects for nematic liquid crystals with various ratio of rotary viscosities and investigate how unequal elastic constants (elastic anisotropy) alter the magnetic Fréedericksz transition in sheared nematics. Our calculations predict that surface boundary effects in nematic films and magnetic field action lead to existence of stationary flow regimes in the so-called nonflow aligning nematics, otherwise, surface and magnetic forces extend the range of viscous coefficient values corresponding to the flow aligning regimes. We show that imposing of shear flow on the Fréedericksz transition leads to a threshold behavior or to a "smoothing" of the transition. It depends on the orientation of the nematic layer in magnetic field and magnitudes of rotary viscous coefficients.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2006

Clustering in randomly driven Hamiltonian systems.

The motion of oscillatorylike nonlinear Hamiltonian systems, driven by a weak noise, is considered. A general method to find regions of stability in the phase space of a randomly driven system, based on a specific Poincaré map, is proposed and justified. Physical manifestations of these regions of stability are coherent clusters. We illustrate the method and demonstrate the appearance of coherent clusters with two models motivated by the problems of waveguide sound propagation and Lagrangian mixing of passive scalars in the ocean. We find bunches of sound rays propagating coherently in an underwater waveguide through a randomly fluctuating ocean at long distances. We find clusters of passive particles to be advected coherently for a comparatively long time by a random two-dimensional flow modeling mixing around a fixed vortex.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2004

Vented gaseous deflagrations modelling of hinged inertial vent covers.

The model of explosion pressure build up in enclosures with inertial vent covers and the CINDY code implementing the model are validated against experiments by Hochst and Leuckel (1998) in a 50 m3 vessel with a pair of ceiling-mounted upwards-opening hinged doors in a 'butterfly' configuration with surface densities of 73 and 124 kg/m2 under conditions of initially quiescent and turbulent mixtures. The model and the code are further validated against an experiment by Zalosh (1978) in a 33.5 m3 room-like enclosure with a pair of wall-mounted rectangular doors, in a parallel configuration, each hinged at its bottom edge with a surface density of 23.1 kg/m2 and initially quiescent mixture. A formula for the torque acting upon a rotating venting door is derived under conditions of vent cover jet formation. The vent cover jet effect decreases the torque three times compared to an elementary approach valid at the start of vent cover movement. It is demonstrated that, similar to translating vent covers, the vent cover jet effect is crucial for prediction of interdependent vent cover displacement in time and pressure transients.

Explosions↗

PubMed2004

Ray chaos and ray clustering in an ocean waveguide.

We consider ray propagation in a waveguide with a designed sound-speed profile perturbed by a range-dependent perturbation caused by internal waves in deep ocean environments. The Hamiltonian formalism in terms of the action and angle variables is applied to study nonlinear ray dynamics with two sound-channel models and three perturbation models: a single-mode perturbation, a randomlike sound-speed fluctuations, and a mixed perturbation. In the integrable limit without any perturbation, we derive analytical expressions for ray arrival times and timefronts at a given range, the main measurable characteristics in field experiments in the ocean. In the presence of a single-mode perturbation, ray chaos is shown to arise as a result of overlapping nonlinear ray-medium resonances. Poincare maps, plots of variations of the action per ray cycle length, and plots with rays escaping the channel reveal inhomogeneous structure of the underlying phase space with remarkable zones of stability where stable coherent ray clusters may be formed. We demonstrate the possibility of determining the wavelength of the perturbation mode from the arrival time distribution under conditions of ray chaos. It is surprising that coherent ray clusters, consisting of fans of rays which propagate over long ranges with close dynamical characteristics, can survive under a randomlike multiplicative perturbation modelling sound-speed fluctuations caused by a wide spectrum of internal waves.

Acoustics↗